Biology Module 3
List 3 of the organelles involved in the process of making proteins in a eukaryotic cell.
3 of the organelles involved in the process of making proteins in a eukaryotic cell are Rough ER, Ribosomes, and the Golgi Body.
Solution
A liquid that contains dissolved materials.
Solvent
A liquid used to dissolve materials
ADP
A low-energy molecule possessing only two phosphate groups
Hypertonic Solution
A solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell
Hypotonic Solution
A solution that contains a lower concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP
Energy molecule
ATP
The energy used to fuel active transport is called adenosine triphosphate, also known as ___.
ATP
There are multiple products of cellular respiration, but the one that fuels our daily activity is ___.
ATP
Chemical energy
ATP, ADP, and any other energy currencies.
Cellular respiration is a process used to make ___ by breaking down _______.
ATP; glucose
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Endocytosis
Active Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Exocytosis
Active Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Goes against the concentration gradient
Active Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Move particles from low to high concentration
Active Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Requires energy
Active Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Sodium-Potassium pump
Active Transport
Match the term with the appropriate examples. Alcoholic fermentation : Gas fuel Yeasts : Bread, wine, biofuels Ethanol : Ferments grape juice into alcohol Glucose : Yogurt, fermentation of milk Lactic acid fermentation : Corn and other plants fermented for fuel
Alcoholic fermentation : Bread, wine, biofuels Yeasts : Ferments grape juice into alcohol Ethanol : Gas fuel Glucose : Corn and other plants fermented for fuel Lactic acid fermentation : Yogurt, fermentation of milk
Match the type of anaerobic fermentation with its description. Alcoholic fermentation : Important for bacteria found in yogurt Lactic acid fermentation : Used by yeasts in bread dough and wine
Alcoholic fermentation : Used by yeasts in bread dough and wine Lactic acid fermentation : Important for bacteria found in yogurt
Match the scientist with the correct part of the cell theory he is credited with discovering. All cells come from existing cells : Schwann All living things are made of one or more cells : Schwann The cell is the basic unit of life : Virchow
All cells come from existing cells : Virchow All living things are made of one or more cells : Schwann The cell is the basic unit of life : Schwann
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Lysosomes
Animal Only
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Rounded shape
Animal Only
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Smaller vacuoles
Animal Only
Several scientists were involved in the development of the cell theory. In fact, _____ ___ ___________ used a microscope to observe his teeth scrapings and pond water and found tiny organs he called ___________.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek; "animalcules"
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Contains DNA
Both
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Proteins
Both
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Ribosomes
Both
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Surrounded by plasma membrane
Both
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Cell membrane
Both Animal and Plants
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? DNA
Both Animal and Plants
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Endoplasmic Reticulum
Both Animal and Plants
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Golgi body
Both Animal and Plants
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Mitochondria
Both Animal and Plants
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Nucleus
Both Animal and Plants
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Ribosomes
Both Animal and Plants
Organisms break down carbon-based molecules such as...
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Match the term with the correct level or organization. Cells : Tendons Tissues : Heart Organs : Red blood cell Organ systems : Human body Organism : Respiratory system
Cells : Red blood cell Tissues : Tendons Organs : Heart Organ systems : Respiratory system Organism : Human body
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Almost exclusively unicellular organisms
Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Found in the kingdom Archaebacteria
Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Found in the kingdom Eubacteria
Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Has a circular chromosome
Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Has no "true" nucleus
Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Metabolism may be anaerobic (no oxygen)
Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Typically has no internal membranes (no membrane bound organelles)
Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Typically very small
Characteristic of Prokaryotes
The compound light microscope
Combines the lenses and light to enlarge an image of a specimen.
Solute
Dissolved materials
Describe what occurs during the process of cellular respiration. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.
During the process of cellular respiration, three stages occur, which are called glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. In glycolysis, 2 molecules of ATP, 2 NADPH, and 2 Pyruvate molecules are produced. These molecules are then transported to the matrix of the mitochondrion, where 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 2 ATP, 8 NADPH, and 2 FADH2 are produced, and these are transported through the electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, where about 32 molecules of ATP are created for everyone molecule of glucose.
Explain how God's 'recycling system' works to balance atmospheric gases. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.
Essentially, plants create oxygen and humans create carbon dioxide. Plants need carbon dioxide, which humans supply, and they create oxygen, which humans need. It is a cycle that works to benefit both living animals and plants.
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protist, Plant, Fungi, and Animals
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Cell wall
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Centrosome
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Chloroplast
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Endoplasmic reticulum
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Golgi body
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Lysosome
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Mitochondria
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Multicellular organisms
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? True nucleus
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Vacuole
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Vesicle
Eukaryotic
What is fermentation?
Fermentation is the process that breaks down glucose into alcohol or lactic acid without oxygen.
Glycolysis
First stage of cellular respiration
Glucose
Food energy
Match the stage of cellular respiration to the number of ATP it produces. Glycolysis : 2 ATP Krebs Cycle : 32 ATP Electron Transport Chain : 4 ATP
Glycolysis : 4 ATP Krebs Cycle : 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain : 32 ATP
Glycolysis
Glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration, takes place in the cell's cytoplasm. At this point in cellular respiration, oxygen is not yet required. Glycolysis begins the process of breaking down glucose and makes pyruvate (a 3-carbon molecule) as a product.
What is homeostasis and how do our bodies work to maintain it? Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.
Homeostasis essentially means "same balance", or maintaining the equilibrium of all the systems in our body. Our bodies work to maintain it by sometimes sweating, each releases heat energy and cools us off, our we shiver, which creates heat energy and makes us warmer.
Match the scientist with his contribution to the cell. Leeuwenhoek : Identified cells and gave them their name Virchow : Observed living cells in pond water Schleiden : Concluded plants are made of cells Hooke : Concluded animals/all living things are made of cells Schwann : Concluded that all cells come from other cells
Hooke : Identified cells and gave them their name Leewenhoek : Observed living cells in pond water Schleiden : Concluded plants are made of cells Schwann : Concluded animals/all living things are made of cells Virchow : Concluded that all cells come from other cells
The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the _____ _____.
Krebs Cycle
Compare and contrast lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.
Lactic acid fermentation is similar to alcoholic fermentation, except the pyruvic acids convert to different things. In lactic acid fermentation, the two pyruvic acids convert to two lactic acids, while in alcoholic fermentation, the pyruvic acids convert to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Also, lactic acid fermentation is carried out by lactic acid, while alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeasts.
The first compound microscope was designed by the father and son duo Zaccharius and Hans Janssen; however, it was Anton van Leeuwenhoek who proved its importance to biology. What did Leeuwenhoek discover, and what specimens did he observe?
Leeuwenhoek discovered small organisms in a drop of pond water that he deemed "animalcules" because they looked like tiny animals. What he actually discovered, however, were bacteria.
Match the type of molecule to the amount of energy it produces. Lipids : 36 molecules of ATP Proteins : 146 molecules of ATP Glucose : 36 molecules of ATP, but rarely used for energy
Lipids : 146 molecules of ATP Proteins : 36 molecules of ATP, but rarely used for energy Glucose : 36 molecules of ATP
Passive transport
Molecules move from a high to low concentration without using energy
Active transport
Molecules move from a low to high concentration using energy
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Found in the kingdom Animalia
Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Found in the kingdom Fungi
Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Found in the kingdom Plantae
Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Found in the kingdom Protista
Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Has a membrane bound nucleus
Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Has membrane bound organelles
Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Has multiple linear chromosomes
Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Characteristic of Prokaryotes or Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes? Large cellular size
Not a Characteristic of Prokaryotes
Match the organelle to its correct function. Chloroplast : Controls the functions of the cell and contains the DNA Ribosome : Found in plant cells; the site of photosynthesis Plasma Membrane : Site of protein synthesis Cell Wall : Surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and exits Nucleus : Jelly-like substance inside the cell Cytoplasm : Rigid structure surrounding the plasma membrane of plant cells Mitochondrion : The "powerhouse" of the cell because it stores and converts energy Lysosome : Contains enzymes that break down food and waste inside the cell
Nucleus : Controls the functions of the cell and contains the DNA Chloroplast : Found in plant cells; the site of photosynthesis Ribosome : Site of protein synthesis Plasma Membrane : Surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and exits Cytoplasm : Jelly-like substance inside the cell Cell Wall : Rigid structure the plasma membrane of plant cells Mitochondrion : The "powerhouse" of the cell because it stores and converts energy Lysosome : Contains enzymes that break down food and waste inside the cell
Describe how organisms use oxygen to survive. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.
Organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and store it as usable energy in the form of ATP. Without oxygen, these organisms would not have ATP and therefore would not have energy to live.
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Does not require energy
Passive Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Facilitated diffusion
Passive Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Goes with the concentration gradient
Passive Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Move particles from high to low concentration
Passive Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Osmosis
Passive Transport
Active Transport or Passive Transport? Simple diffusion
Passive Transport
Compare and contrast the two types of cell transport. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.
Passive transport is the transport of molecules through a cell's membrane from a high to low concentration without the use of energy. Active transport, on the other hand, uses energy to pass a molecule from a low to high concentration through a cell's membrane.
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Cell wall
Plant Only
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Chloroplasts
Plant Only
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Large vacuole
Plant Only
Animal Only, Plant Only, or Both Animal and Plants? Rectangular shape
Plant Only
Fermentation
Process of breaking down glucose anaerobically, either into lactic acid or alcohol
Alcoholic fermentation
Process of breaking down glucose into alcohol and carbon dioxide
Lactic acid fermentation
Process of breaking down glucose into lactic acid
Anaerobic respiration
Production of energy without the presence of oxygen
___________ are unicellular organisms without a true _______.
Prokaryotes; nucleus
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Anaerobic
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Free-floating DNA
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? No nucleus
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both? Unicellular organisms
Prokaryotic
Correctly match the reactants and products for photosynthesis. Reactants : Glucose and oxygen Products : Water and carbon dioxide
Reactants : Water and carbon dioxide Products : Glucose and oxygen
Sodium-Potassium pump
Requires energy to exchange sodium (Na) from inside the cell with potassium (K) from outside the cell
Studying photosynthesis shows us how God provides for us at even the molecular level. What does Scripture encourage us to do in response to God's provisions, as mentioned in Matthew 6:28-34 ESV?
Scripture encourages us to seek the Kingdom of God above all else and to not worry about tomorrow or if God will take care of us. Jesus says this because God cares for nature and takes care of it, so how much more would he love and take care of us?
Krebs Cycle
Second stage of cellular respiration
Compare and contrast selective permeability and active permeability. Respond in 2-3 complete sentences using your best grammar.
Selective permeability is the ability of certain molecules to freely pass through the membrane, while active permeability is when energy must be used in order for a molecule to enter the cell membrane. Selective permeability also does not allow certain molecules to freely enter the cell membrane, in which case active permeability is often used to transport the molecules into the cell.
Compare and contrast single-celled organisms to multicellular organisms. Please write 3 to 5 sentences using your best grammar.
Single-celled organisms are organisms made up of one cell. However, multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell. Another difference between these two types of organisms is that multicellular organisms have cells that are more specialized to function in different ways, while single-celled organisms have one simple cell that makes up the entire organism.
Homeostasis
Stable internal conditions
Simple diffusion
Substances easily move across a cell membrane
Facilitated diffusion
Substances use the aid of a protein to move across a cell membrane
Electron Transport Chain
The Electron Transport Chain is the final stage of cellular respiration and takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. It produces a large amount of ATP using the NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle. Oxygen is critical for this stage of the process.
The Krebs Cycle
The Krebs Cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion. At this point in cellular respiration, oxygen is required. The Krebs Cycle uses pyruvate (from glycolysis) as the main reactant to produce a small amount of energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Isotonic Solution
The amounts of solute on the inside and the outside of the cell are equivalent
Match the description with the appropriate components of ATP. The double ring structure : 3 Phosphate groups The five carbon ring structure : Adenine The linear chain structure : Ribose
The double ring structure : Adenine The five carbon ring structure : Ribose The linear chain structure : 3 Phosphate groups
Coenzyme
The electron carrier NADH
What are the 3 steps to energy exchange from ADP to ATP?
The first step is breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups, which releases energy that can be used by the cell. Second, ADP and an independent phosphate have resulted. Lastly, the second and third phosphate groups bond together again and store energy.
List the levels of biological organization from simple to complex.
The levels of biological organization from simple to complex are Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms, Population, Community, Ecosystem, and Biosphere.
Osmosis
The movement of water across a cell membrane
Pyruvate
The product of glycolysis
Electron Transport Chain
Third stage of cellular respiration
Light-independent Reaction
This stage of photosynthesis (also called the Calvin cycle or carbon fixation), uses the ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reaction to "fix" carbon dioxide in simple organic molecules, particularly glucose.
Light-dependent Reaction
This stage of photosynthesis requires light energy. Light energy is captured and concerted into chemical energy in the forms of ATP and NADPH by phtosystems I and II in the thylakoid of the chloroplast.
ATP
Transfers energy to cell processes
List 2-3 uses for alcoholic fermentation.
Two uses for alcoholic fermentation are to make food and drink, such as bread and wine, and to make biofuels, such as ethanol.
Endocytosis
Type of active transport in which molecules move into the cell
Exocytosis
Type of active transport in which molecules move out of the cell
The electron microscope
Uses electrons to magnify an image of a specimen.
The digital microscope
Uses the power of a computer to enlarge an image of a specimen.
Hydrophilic
Water-loving
Hydrophobic
Water-resistant
Match each example with the level of organization. Stomach lining : Cell White blood cell : Organ Mouth, esophagus, and stomach working together : Tissue Lung : Organ System You! : Organism
White blood cell : Cell Lung : Organ Stomach lining : Tissue Mouth, esophagus, and stomach working together : Organ System You! : Organism
The equation below represents what process? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP a. Cellular Respiration, b. Cellular Transport, c. Photosynthesis, d. DNA Replication
a. Cellular Respiration
If a scientist needs to view a specimen at high magnification, s/he should use which of the following? a. Electron microscope, b. Compound light microscope, c. Digital microscope
a. Electron microscope
Which of the following is not an example of a prokaryotic organism? a. Human skin cells, b. Probiotics found in yogurt, c. E-coli in unclean vegetables, d. Streptococcus causing strep throat
a. Human skin cells
Which of the following are methods of maintaining homeostasis? a. Panting, b. Shivering, c. Drinking water, d. None of these, e. Sweating
a. Panting, b. Shivering, c. Drinking water, e. Sweating
What process is represented by the equation? 6H20 + CO2 + light -> C6H12O6 + O2 a. Photosynthesis, b. Protein Synthesis, c. Cellular Respiration, d. Cellular Transport
a. Photosynthesis
What characteristics do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common? a. Plasma Membrane, b. Ribosomes, c. Nucleus, d. DNA, e. Mitochondria
a. Plasma Membrane, b. Ribosomes, d. DNA
Which of the following is considered a beneficial (non-harmful) type(s) of bacteria? a. Probiotics, b. E-coli, c. Streptococcus
a. Probiotics
Cells fall into two categories: a. Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes, b. Plants or Animals, c. Molecules or Tissues, d. Archaea or Animals
a. Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
Which of the following are types of cells? a. Prokaryotic, b. Eukaryotic, c. Molecule, d. Plant, e. Animal, f. Atom
a. Prokaryotic, b. Eukaryotic, d. Plant, e. Animal
The Sodium-Potassium pump is an example of ______ transport because it uses energy to exchange sodium (Na) from inside the cell with potassium (K) from outside the cell.
active
Photosynthesis is important to all living organisms because it directly supplies light energy directly to plants and other __________, while also indirectly providing energy to ____________ like humans and animals.
autotrophs; heterotrophs
Which type of fermentation is useful for making yogurt and providing energy to muscle cells? a. Alcoholic fermentation, b. Lactic acid fermentation, c. Aerobic fermentation
b. Lactic acid fermentation
What is this an image of? a. Eukaryotic cell, b. Prokaryotic cell, c. Animal cell, d. Plant cell
b. Prokaryotic cell
The cell membrane is _____________ (or selectively permeable), meaning it controls the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. a. impenetrable, b. semipermeable, c. fully permissible, d. unbreakable
b. semipermeable
The prefix "aero-" in aerobic representation means ... a. without ATP, b. with oxygen, c. without oxygen, d. with energy
b. with oxygen
Yogurt is made by the fermentation of milk with ... a. sour milk and fruit, b. yeast and bacteria, c. bacteria and sour milk, d. yeast and sour milk
b. yeast and bacteria
The cell is the _____ unit of life for living organisms.
basic
When looking at the levels of biological organization, _________ is the largest, or most complex, and _____ is the smallest, or most simple.
biosphere; atoms
Which type of fermentation is used to make wine, biofuels, and bread? a. Lactic acid fermentation, b. Aerobic fermentation, c. Alcoholic fermentation
c. Alcoholic fermentation
Which type of microscope connects to a computer and uses it to enhance the specimen and send the image to others? a. Electron microscope, b. Compound light microscope, c. Digital microscope
c. Digital microscope
Which of the following are types of active transport? a. Osmosis, b. Simple Diffusion, c. Endocytosis, d. Exocytosis, e. Membrane Pumps, f. Facilitated Diffusion
c. Endocytosis, d. Exocytosis, e. Membrane Pumps
Alcoholic fermentation uses what single-celled fungi to convert pyruvic acid to alcohol and carbon dioxide. a. Glucose, b. Bacteria, c. Yeasts, d. Organelles
c. Yeasts
The cell membrane is often referred to as the __________ because it regulates transport in and out of the cell. a. powerhouse, b. control center, c. gatekeeper, d. brain
c. gatekeeper
Cell differentiation is ... a. when cells have the same DNA and perform the same tasks, b. when cells have different DNA and perform different tasks, c. when cells have the same DNA but perform different tasks, d. when cells have different DNA but perform the same tasks
c. when cells have the same DNA but perform different tasks
Scientists ________ organisms based upon their characteristics so it is easier to study them.
classify
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a cell? a. Come in different sizes, b. Carry out different jobs, c. Come in different shapes, d. Are not specialized
d. Are not specialized
Which of the following are not components of a molecule of ATP? a. Adenine, b. Ribose, c. 3 phosphate groups, d. Deoxyribose
d. Deoxyribose
_______ that is found in biofuels is produced by alcoholic fermentation. a. Lactic acid, b. Yeasts, c. Petroleum, d. Ethanol
d. Ethanol
What is the first stage of cellular respiration? a. Calvin Cycle, b. Light Reaction, c. Krebs Cycle, d. Glycolysis
d. Glycolysis
Which of the following is not an alternative name for the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis? a. Dark reaction, b. Carbon fixation cycle, c. Calvin cycle, d. Light-dependent reaction
d. Light-dependent reaction
____________ break down large food molecules to produce energy. a. Lysosome, b. Endoplasmic Reticulum, c. Nucleus, d. Mitchondria
d. MItochondria
Which of the following is not a cell activity powered by energy produced through cellular respiration? a. Growth, b. Repair, c. Division, d. Passive transport
d. Passive transport
Which of the following is not a carbon-based molecule? a. Carbohydrates, b. Proteins, c. Lipids, d. Water
d. Water
The state of maintaining stable internal conditions is called ... a. cellular transport, b. classification, c. ATP, d. homeostasis
d. homeostasis
Red blood cells, neurons, and muscle cells are all examples of cells that make up _____-________ organisms. a. plant, b. bacteria, c. single-celled, d. multi-cellular
d. multi-cellular
A/An _____ is made up of one or more tissues working together. a. tissue, b. organism, c. cell, d. organ
d. organ
The chloroplast is filled with a fluid called the ... a. chlorophyll, b. grana, c. cytoplasm, d. stroma
d. stroma
All cells come from ________ cells.
existing
This is an example of a ___________ cell. This can be concluded due to the presence of free-floating DNA, ribosomes, cilia, and flagella. a. DNA inside the nucleus, b. eukaryotic, c. free-floating DNA, d. plant, e. animal, f. prokaryotic
f. prokaryotic
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis have a relationship that exchanges gases and energy currencies. The products of photosynthesis are _______ and ______. These products become the reactants in cellular respiration.
glucose; oxygen
The _____-_________ reaction of photosynthesis depends upon light and is triggered by _______.
light-dependent; photons
Molecules of ______ produce more energy than both proteins and carbohydrates.
lipids
The Krebs Cycle occurs in the matrix of the ____________.
mitochondria
All living organisms are composed of ...
one or more cells
Tiny structures found inside the cell are called __________ and perform functions that help the cell survive.
organelles
Anaerobic respiration is the production of energy without the presence of ______.
oxygen
Our bodies need ______ to survive because it helps our bodies release chemical energy.
oxygen
The two major cell types are ___________ and __________.
prokaryotic; eukaryotic
"Homeo-" means ____, and "-stasis" means _______.
same; balance
