Biology Nutrition Chapter 8
Diets supplying high amounts of carotenoids ______ (like beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
carotenoids
In order to make phospholipids and acetylcholine, the body needs the vitamin called
choline
According to the American Cancer Society 1 in..
five Americans die of cancer.
Are irradiated foods harmful?
fluoridated water, coffee, aspartame etc have not been proven to cause cancer.
A water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the release of energy from macronutrients is
niacin
Although not used currently as a medication, which vitamin was previously used to lower blood cholesterol levels? Multiple choice question.
niacin
Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?
niacin
In the body, pantothenic acid is important for
pantothenic
What is the primary site of vitamin absorption?
small intestine
Processed meats and cancer
sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite may form nitrosamines which are carcinogens.
Which vitamin plays a role in the chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates?
thiamin
______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.
thiamin
Which of the following are examples of vitamins that many American adults don't receive enough of?
vitamin E and vitamin D
Which vitamin do cells require to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate?
vitamin b-12
Who is Dr.Linus Pauling?
An American chemist that believed megadoses of vitamin c could prevent colds. He published a bestselling book.
Our immune system and cancer cells
It is not unusual for cancerous cells to develop during a persons life time however our immune system destroys them before they multiply uncontrollably. Exposure to radiation, nutrient deficiencies etc reduce the effectiveness of the immune system.
Most common form of cancer?
Lung cancer is responsible for most cancer deaths.
Can vitamin E reduce the risk of CVD, cancer, and mild cognitive impairment (associated with Alzheimer's Disease)?
No. Additionally, Vitamin E supplements are associated with an increase risk of prostate cancer and hemorrhagic stroke.
Does Vitamin C prevent colds?
No. However large doses may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or two. It could also reduce the severity of of cold symptoms.
Does vitamin A or beta-carotene prevent cancer?
No. Smokers who took beta-carotene supplements were MORE likely to die of lung cancer than smokers who took placebos.
The role of diet in cancer development
Nuts and grains with mold; red meat and deli meats; excess weight (because of high insulin, estrogen, and testosterone levels)
Do large does vitamin B-6 treat PMS?
Studies provide mixed results but high dosages cause severe nerve damage. Symptoms include walking difficulties and numbness on hands and feet.
Usually water-soluble vitamins are not toxic as they do not accumulate in the body. There is one exception to this rule when high doses of what water-soluble vitamin can cause sensory nerve damage?
B-6
What could be the most effective way to lower risk of CVD, cancer, and other chronic illnesses?
Consuming a variety of vitamins, antioxidants, and phytochemicals in their natural states. One should also exercise.
Malignant Cells
Do not perform the specialized functions of the cells from which it was derived. Ex cancerous liver cell does not remove toxins from bloodstream or store nutrients properly.
Pickles and cancer
Eating high amounts of smoked or salt preserved (pickled) foods like salted fish increase STOMACH cancer.
Diets supplying ______ amounts of carotenoids may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
HIGH
Phytochemical role in cancer
Phytochemicals inhibit tumor growth by being TOXIC to cancer cells. Ex: cruciferous vegetables and turmeric.
Can vitamins prevent or treat anything from cancer to gray hair?
Scientific evidence generally does not support claims that megadoses of vitamins can prevent or treat everything from gray hair to cancer.
Does taking dietary supplements containing vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and minerals (copper and zinc) prevent AMD?
Some substances like the ones mentioned above and lutein and zeaxanthin could slow the progression of AMD but it cannot prevent healthy people from developing AMD.
Benign Tumors
Usually harmless but in some cases, the tumor grows large enough to interfere with the functioning of healthy structures.
Could vitamin C help with CVD
Yes, it might reduce the oxidation of LDL cholesterol thus lowering the risk of CVD. More studies are needed however.
In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that ___
add carbon dioxide to other compounds
Carcinogen
an environmental agent that causes cancer
homocysteine may be a biochemical marker or risk factor for
heart disease