biology organelle test

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

First to see living cells

hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

Which part of the membrane is hydrophobic?

fatty acid tails

he illustration shows a model of the transport of solute particles from outside the cell to inside the cell. What type of cell transport is modeled? A. The model illustrates active transport because energy is required for solute particles to cross the cell membrane. B. The model illustrates diffusion because solute particles are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. C. The model illustrates facilitated diffusion because protein channels allow solute particles to cross the cell membrane. D. The model illustrates osmosis because water molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

A: The model illustrates active transport because energy is required for solute particles to cross the cell membrane.

A cell can be identified based on the structures present in the cell. The illustration below shows three different types of cells. Which type of cell structure is included in all three cells? A. a cell membrane made of a lipid bilayer B. a nucleus that contains DNA C. mitochondria that contain DNA D. a cell wall made of cellulose

A: a cell membrane made of a lipid bilayer

Which of the following structures occurs in cells of all types, including prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? A. a cell membrane made of a lipid bilayer B. a large central vacuole that stores water C. mitochondria that provide energy for cell processes D. chloroplasts that capture and transform the energy of sunlight

A: a cell membrane made of a lipid bilayer

Which is a property of all unicellular organisms, but not all multicellular organisms? A. New cells arise from other cells. B. DNA is contained in the cell nucleus. C. DNA is contained in the cytoplasm of cells. D. Cells can survive independently of one another.

A: new cells arise from other cells

According to the cell theory, what is the source of all new cells? A. pre-existing cells B. compounds of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen C. individual cell parts, such as mitochondria D. cytoplasm and similar fluids

A: pre-existing cells

what are the three statements of cell theory

All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells

The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus? A. bacteria B. eukaryotes C. prokaryotes D. viruses

B: Eukaryotes

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes? A. Lysosomes build lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. B. Lysosomes package lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. C. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. D. Lysosomes store lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

C: Lysosomes break down lipids carbohydrates and proteins

A number of scientists made contributions to cell theory. Which scientist was the first to use a light microscope to observe cells in a slice of cork? A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek B. Matthias Schleiden C. Robert Hooke D. Theodor Schwann

C: Robert Hooke

Homeostasis is a characteristic of all living things. Which of the following is a way that multicellular organisms can maintain homeostasis but unicellular organisms cannot? A. Multicellular organisms can respond to the environment. B. The cells of multicellular organisms can grow and reproduce. C. The cells of multicellular organisms can differentiate into specialized cells. D. Multicellular organisms can transform energy.

C: The cells of multicellular organisms can differentiate into specialized cells.

Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system? A. The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells. B. The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues. Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system? C. The organs in an organ system work together to perform a specific function. D. The organs in an organ system work together to perform all the functions a multicellular organism needs to maintain homeostasis.

C: The organs in an organ system work together to perform a specific function.

Alexis is using models of the cell membrane to compare the types of cellular transport. One model shows a molecule entering through a protein pump. Which type of cell transport is being modeled? A. diffusion, because protein pumps are needed to move substances from a higher concentration to a lower concentration B. endocytosis, because protein pumps transport substances that are too large to pass through the cell membrane C. active transport, because protein pumps are needed to move substances against a concentration difference D. osmosis, because protein pumps allow water to cross the cell membrane

C: active transport, because protein pumps are needed to move substances against a concentration difference

Microscopes can be used to explore cells. Which of the following types of microscopes is used to produce a three-dimensional image of the surface of a cell? A. simple light microscope B. compound light microscope C. scanning electron microscope D. transmission electron microscope

C: scanning electron microscope

The model shows a substance crossing a cell membrane. Which of the following describes the process? A. The model shows the process of active transport because the solute particles are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. B. The model shows the process of bulk transport because the solute particles are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. C. The model shows the process of diffusion because solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. D. The model shows the process of osmosis because the solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

C: the model shows the process of diffusion because the solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment? A. There is no movement of water molecules into or out of the cell because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same. B. Water will move across the cell membrane to the inside of the cell because the cell has a higher concentration of solute particles than the solution. C. Water will move across the cell membrane to the outside of the cell because the solution has a higher concentration of solute particles than the cell. D. Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

D Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of solute particles are the same

Which of the following structures are typically present in both plant and animal cells? A. cell walls B. centrioles C. chloroplasts D. mitochondria

D: Mitochondria

All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes? A. Cell membranes are composed of carbohydrate chains, which allow all materials to enter and leave the cell. B. Cell membranes are composed of cellulose, which provide rigidity for the cell. C. Cell membranes are composed of cytoplasm, which allows proteins to be excreted by the cell. D. Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure.

D: cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure

Which two types of structures are present in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell? A. chloroplasts and nucleus B. cell membrane and cell wall C. chloroplasts and mitochondria D. chloroplasts and cell wall

D: chloroplast and cell wall

Nayla is planning an investigation on the role of osmosis in maintaining homeostasis. She plans to study red blood cells in a liquid suspension, similar to blood plasma. For Nayla to observe the greatest variety of osmotic activity in the red blood cells, she should test the effect of which of these independent variables. A. temperature of the liquid suspension B. oxygen concentration of the red blood cells C. the number of red blood cells per liter of the liquid suspension D. salt concentration of the liquid that surrounds the red blood cells

D: salt concentration of the liquid that surrounds the red blood cells

Stewart is investigating the responses of plants to their environment. As part of the investigation, he studies a plant that receives sufficient water and has straight, upright stems and firm leaves. He also studies another plant that was grown in dry soil, and that has wilted stems and leaves.When Stewart examines the cells of the plants under a microscope, which organelle will display the greatest difference between the two plants? A. the nucleus, because chromosomes thicken in water B. the cell membrane, because water diffuses across it C. chloroplasts, because photosynthesis depends on water volume D. the central vacuole, because it stores water and provides support

D: the central vacuole, because it stores water and provides support

Which organelles allow plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers? A. the cell membranes because they regulate what enters and leaves the cells B. the chloroplasts because they convert sunlight into chemical energy C. the Golgi apparatus because it packages proteins for storage in the cells D. the vacuoles because they are filled with fluid, which provide rigidity

D: the vacuoles because they are filled with fluid, which provide rigidity

what is the function of the golgi

Receives products (proteins) from rough ER and traffics them to its' destination

passive transport

Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient

which microscope produces 3d images

Scanning and transmission electron microscope

what is diffusion

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

what is the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote

a prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus and a eukaryotic cell does

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory? A. Cells are composed mostly of empty space. B. Cells are generally large enough for the unaided eye to see. C. All cells are produced from existing cells. D. Only animals are made up of cells.

c: All cells are produced from living cells

active transport

includes endocytosis and exocytosis, particles move from area of high concentration to area of low concentration, requires cellular energy

what do lysosomes do

intercellular digestion, apoptosis, and cellular distruction

light microscope

less expensive option, can observe living algae

benefits of light microscopes

more affordable, small space requirement, can see color

The human digestive system is comprised of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Order the images so that they are arranged from the least complex level on top to the most complex level on the bottom.

muscle cell smooth muscle tissue stomach digestive system

what did Robert Hooke contribute to the cell theory

named the cell

How do cells maintain homeostasis in an isotonic environment

no net movement

Matthias Schleiden

observed that tissues are made of cells

which part of the membrane is hydrophilic

phosphate heads

what makes up the cell membrane

phospholipid bilayer and embedded with proteins

what are the differences between plant and animal cells

plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells dont

Rufolf Virchow

proposed that all cells come from other cells

how are prokaryotes useful

protect us, help digest food, and help train our immune system to function correctly

what is the function of the vacuole in plants

provides internal support, isolates potentially harmful substances from cytoplasm

what are the three types of active transport

pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis

scanning electron microscope

requires placing algae cells in vacuum, higher magnification power, forms images of the surfaces of cells, not the interior

which organelle is responsible for the production of proteins

smooth and rough ER

what is active transport

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

to control what enters and leaves the cell

Theodor Schwann

was struck by the structural similarities between plant and animal cells. concluded that all living things are made of cells

hypertonic

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

isotonic

when the concentration of two solutions is the same