Biology Section 3-2 Review: Molecules of Life

How many different kinds of monomers are there in starch?

2

How many different kinds of monomers are there in proteins?

20

Amino acid, Protein

Amino acid-Organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and makes up proteins. Protein-Organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids.

Insects that live on land have a coating of wax on the outer surface of their body. What function might the wax serve for these animals?

It's water proof, there's a barrier between water and the cell

Steroids are made up of what type of molecule? Give two examples of steroids.

Lipids Ex: Cholesterol and hormone testosterone

How is this compound (phospholipid) suited to the function of the membrane?

Makes it semipermeable not allowing anything to go through

Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide

Monosaccharide-Simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate. Polysaccharide-One of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars.

Nucleotide, Nucleic acid

Nucleotide-Subunit that consists of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. Nucleic acid-Either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information.

What compound composes most of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids

What are the storage and quick-energy forms of carbohydrates found in animals, and how are these forms structurally related to each other?

The storage form is the glycogen. The quick-energy form is starch. Glycogen consists of glucose molecules linked in a highly branched chain

The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by... a. The R groups of the amino acids they contain b. The amino groups of the amino acids they contain c. The carboxyl groups of the amino acids they contain d. Whether or not they contain any amino acids

a. the R groups of the amino acids they contain.

The large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipids... a. Make lipids polar b. Store more energy than the carbon-oxygen bonds in other organic compounds c. Allow lipids to dissolve in water d. Are found in the carboxyl group at the end of the lipid

b. store more energy than the carbon-oxygen bonds in other organic compounds.

Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are... a. Monosaccharides b. Disaccharides c. Polysaccharides d. Simple sugars

c. polysaccharides.

Most enzymes... a. Are changed by the reactions they catalyze b. Increase the activation energy of the reactions they catalyze c. Strengthen the chemical bonds in their substrate d. Are sensitive to changes in temperature or pH

d. are sensitive to changes in temperature of pH.

The most important function of nucleic acids is... a. Catalyzing chemical reaction b. Forming a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell c. Storing energy d. Storing information related to heredity and protein synthesis

d. storing information related to heredity and protein synthesis.