Biology Unit 1: Life, Viruses, Cell Types & Biomolecules

monomer

1 unit of a biomolecule

eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; can be single or multi-celled

biomolecule/ macromolecule

A large organic molecule making up living organisms; ex. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

monosaccharide

A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.

prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

polysaccharide

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides joined by a condensation reaction producing water

virus

Nonliving microscopic parasite containing DNA or RNA that must infect a living cell to use this cell's machinery to make copies of the virus resulting in disease

cell

The basic unit of (life) structure and function in living things

proteins

build, maintain and replace cells and tissues; made of chains of amino acids containing C, H, O, N; ex. enzymes

fatty acid

example of a lipid

glycerol

example of a lipid

polypeptide

long chain of amino acids that makes proteins

lipids

long term energy storage; ex.fats, oils, and waxes; made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

amino acid

make up proteins; compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

polymer

multiple units/ long chain of a biomolecule

homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

carbohydrates

short term energy compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; ex. sugar, glucose, breads, pasts

nucleic acids

store genetic information; contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus; DNA and RNA

metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

biology

the study of life