Biomolecules
5-Carbon sugar Phosphate Group Nitrogenous Base
What 3 parts or subunits make up a nucleotide?
Deoxyribose (in DNA) OR Ribose (in RNA and ATP)
What 5-carbon sugars would you expect to find in a nucleotide?
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
What are the 4 classes or groups of biomolecules?
Any one of these: Adenine (DNA, RNA, & ATP) Guanine (DNA & RNA) Cytosine (DNA & RNA) Thymine (only DNA) Uracil (only RNA)
What nitrogenous bases would you expect to find in a nucleotide?
Polymers
Monomers join together to make up ___.
Monosaccharides (such as glucose)
Monomers or building blocks of carbohydrates are ____.
Fatty Acids and Glycerol
Monomers or building blocks of lipids are ____.
Nucleotides
Monomers or building blocks of nucleic acids are ____.
Amino Acids
Monomers or building blocks of proteins are ____.
ATP
Name the substance that works as a high energy molecule used for cellular work?
1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. Cell membrane
1. Identify 2. Where woud you expect to find this?
1. Phospholipid 2. Cell membrane (or other membranes)
1. Identify this molecule. 2. Where would you expect to find it?
1. Ribose 2. Deoxyribose
1. What is the sugar in the molecule on the left? 2. What is the sugar in the molecule on the right?
1. Water 2. Hydrolysis ("breaking by adding water"
1. What must be added to a polymer to break it down into smaller pieces? 2. What is this called?
1. Water 2. Dehydration synthesis ("building larger by taking away water")
1. What must be removed for two or monomers to join together to make a larger molecule (polymer)? 2. What is this called?
1. Chloroplasts (plant cells) 2. Mitochondria (all cells)
1. Where in the cell is this molecule produced? 2. Where in the cell is this molecule converted to cellular energy or ATP?
Monosaccharides (1 sugar big such as glucose) Disaccharides (2 sugars big, such as sucrose) Polysaccharides (many sugars big, such as starch or cellulose)
Carbohydrates can be classified into 3 groups based on size. What are they?
-ose
Carbohydrates that are sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) often end in the suffix.
1. Primary energy source (glucose) 2. Structure (cellulose) 3. Short-term storage (starch, glycogen)
How do carbohydrates function?
1. Double helix 2. Thymine is a nucleotide
How do you know the molecule on the right is DNA?
Basic energy or fuel source (This molecule is converted to ATP so the cell can do work)
How does this molecule function in cells?
Top = Saturated Fatty Acid Bottom = Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Identify these 2 molecules
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Identify this molecule
Amino Acid
Identify this molecule.
Lipid (triglyceride= glycerol +fatty acids)
Identify this molecule.
Glucose Carbohydrate (simple sugar or monosaccharide)
Identify this molecule. What class of biomolecules does it belong?
Protein
If you put many of these molecules together (by removing water), what larger molecule will they form?
1. Triglycerides (true fats) such as fats, oils, & waxes 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids
List 3 types of lipids.
Lipids
Long-term, back-up energy storage and insulation are the functions of which biomolecule?
Antibodies
Proteins that are produced by white blood cells and circulate in your blood stream help to defend your body against foreign invaders. What type of biomolecule are antibodies?
Muscle; Protein
The "meat" you eat (beef, chicken, ham, etc) is actually ___ and therefore, which type of biomolecule?
ATP
The molecule that is like a "charged" battery, capable of doing cell work is ___.
Dehydration synthesis
The molecules surrounded by blue circles are removed when this lipid is formed. The process is called_________ ____________.
nucleotide nucleic acid
These 3 molecules make up a(n) ___ which is a monomer of ___.
Phospholipid
This lipid has both a polar and non-polar region. It's non-polar regions face the aqueous cytoplasm and extracellular fluid making it an excellent boundary for the cell. This molecule is known as a(n) ___.
Lipid
This type of biomolecule is nonpolar; it does not dissolve in water.
Proteins
Which group of biomolecules function in building tissues, structure maintenance, and repair?
Carbohydrates
Which group of biomolecules have this structure?
Proteins
Which group of biomolecules includes enzymes?
The one on the left (single sided)
Which molecule is RNA?
DNA
Which nucleic acid functions as the Genetic Code?
DNA
Which nucleic acid functions as the instructions for synthesizing proteins?
Bottom one - unsaturated fatty acid (*Note - double bonds between some of the carbon atoms)
Which of these 2 molecules tends to be liquid at room temperature like a vegetable oil?
Monomers
___ make up polymers. They are like building blocks.