BIOS 1610, exam 2 pre assessments

red blood cells in the human bloodstream do not have mitochondria. what metabolic process would you predict these cells use to provide cellular energy/ATP?

lactic and fermentation

ATP production in photosynthesis requires:

light, electrons, and protons

the first law of thermodynamics states that:

only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP

a researcher is comparing the amount of protein contained in inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. what do you predict they will find?

the amount of proteins will be greater in the inner membrane

we can tell from their structure that fatty acids are a good source of energy because...

the large number of carbon- carbon and carbon hydrogen bonds they contain

for every six CO2 molecules incorporated into the carbohydrates molecules, how many triose phosphates can be exported from the chloroplasts?`

2

what is the net product of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate

During the citric and cycle:

ATP is synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation

some bacteria run the critic acid cycle in reverse. without any other modifactions to the cycle, what inputs would be required to do this?

CO2, FADH2, NADH, ATP

one of the enzymatic results of the pyruvate oxidation stage of cellular respiration is the reduction of...to....?

NAD+; NADH

in a reaction, enzymes change the:

activation energy

lactic acid fermentation occurs in:

bacteria and animals

which of the answers correctly lists three phases of the Calvin cycle?

carboxylation, reduction, and regeneration

enzymes in your gastrointestinal tract digest your lunch. these chemical reactions are categorized as:

catabolism

the process in which one cell takes up residence in another cell is called...

endosymbiosis

which of the statements is true about exergonic reactions?

exergonic reactions are catabolic

of the molecules, which has the greatest chemical potential energy?

glucose

which of the answers could likely result in a reduction of energy losses to photorespiration in plants?

increased CO2 concentration

With the endosymbiotic hypothesis in mind, what structure within modern-day chloroplasts is likely derived from the plasma membrane of ancestral cyanobacteria that took up residence within a eukaryotic cell?

inner membrane

the final (terminal) electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is:

oxygen

oak trees are categorized as....

photoautohrops

Xanthophyll pigments...

prevent formation of reactive oxygen species, reflect yellow light, convert light energy into heat

many photosynthetic prokaryotic are capable of cyclic electron transport only. it is likely that such organisms can...but not....

produce ATP, reduce CO2

in the chloroplasts of plant cells, the absorption of light energy and the movement of electrons along an electron transport chain occur in the....and the synthesis of carbohydrates takes place in....

thylakoids; stroma

What is the product of at least one of the processes of cellular respiration?

water

carbon-carbon covalent bonds, such as the ones in carbohydrates and lipids are...and have....

weak; a lot of potential energy