BISC 312 Midterm 2 (Problem Sets & Quizzes)

Phosphoenolpyruvate is hydrolyzed to generate one molecule of pyruvate and one phosphate group. Based on the information provided in the passage, how much energy is released when a phosphate group is transferred from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP to form ATP? (a) -31.4 kJ∙mol-1 (b) -38.6 kJ∙mol-1 (c) -61.9 kJ∙mol-1 (d) -92.4 kJ∙mol-1

(a) -31.4 kJ∙mol-1 30.5 - 61.9 = -31.4 kJ*mol-1

What is the net number of ATP produced per glucose in an obligate anaerobe? (a) 2 ATP (b) 4 ATP (c) 36 ATP (d) 32 ATP

(a) 2 ATP

During fermentation, the final electron acceptor from NADH is: (a) An organic molecule (b) glucose (c) NAD+ (d) 1/2 O2

(a) An organic molecule

The reverse of the reaction carried out by pyruvate kinase in glycolysis is carried out by which enzyme(s) in gluconeogenesis? (a) Both Pyruvate carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (b) Pyruvate carboxylase (c) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (d) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

(a) Both Pyruvate carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis? (a) Carbon dioxide (b) NADH (c) ATP (d) Pyruvate (Pyr)

(a) Carbon dioxide

Which of the following steps is common in glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway? (a) Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-P (b) Conversion of glucose-6-P to ribose-5-P (c) Conversion of glucose to glucose-1-P (d) Conversion of glucose-6-P- to fructose-6-P

(a) Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-P

Which of the following enzymes does NOT catalyze an irreversible reaction in gluconeogenesis? (a) Hexokinase (b) Pyruvate carboxylase (c) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (d) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (e) Glucose-6-phosphatase

(a) Hexokinase

If individuals lack the enzyme that converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, what would you expect to happen to the concentration of 2-phosphoglycerate as an immediate consequence? (a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Stays the same (d) It's not possible to determine from the information given.

(a) Increase

What is the most likely reason that a lysosomal accumulation of LDL-derived cholesterol results in a cell membrane related disease? (a) Increased amounts of LDL cholesterol change the composition of the cell membrane, which can impair the formation of trafficking vesicles. (b) Accumulated LDL cholesterol impairs signaling between the lysosome and nucleus (c) Too much LDL cholesterol results in cholesterol build up in arteries (d) LDL cholesterol interferes with the normal function of the NPC1L1 protein

(a) Increased amounts of LDL cholesterol change the composition of the cell membrane, which can impair the formation of trafficking vesicles.

What is the function of cholesterol in a cell membrane? (a) Membrane rigidity (b) Cell membrane recycling (c) Cell signaling (d) Ion transport

(a) Membrane rigidity

Which solution components are oxidized and reduced during the enzymatic assay described in the passage? (a) NADH is oxidized and pyruvate is reduced. (b) NAD+ is reduced and pyrvuate is oxidized. (c) Phosphoenolpyruvate is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced. (d) Phosphoenolpyruvate is reduced and NADH is oxidized.

(a) NADH is oxidized and pyruvate is reduced.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why glycogen breakdown occurs via phosphorolysis instead of hydrolysis? (a) Phosphorolysis enables the monosaccharide to readily leave the cell and travel to different tissues. (b) Phosphorylated monosaccharides can enter directly into glycolysis. (c) Phosphorolysis adds a phosphate across the glycosidic bond, thus saving an ATP in glycolysis. (d) All of the above are reasons why glycogen breakdown occurs via phosphorolysis instead of hydrolysis.

(a) Phosphorolysis enables the monosaccharide to readily leave the cell and travel to different tissues.

In lactic acid fermenation, which is the following in NOT true: (a) There is a decarboxylation step (b) NADH is oxidized in the final step (c) Pyruvate is the final electron acceptor (d) 2 lactic acid molecules are formed from glucose

(a) There is a decarboxylation step

Which of the following results from administration of digitalis, a drug known to block Na+/K+ ATPase? (a) decrease in intracellular [K+] (b) increase in extracellular [Na+] (c) decrease in intracellular [Ca2+] (d) decrease in intracellular [Na+]

(a) decrease in intracellular [K+]

Which of these processes results in hyperpolariztion? (a) excessive outflow of K+ (b) excessive outflow of Na+ (c) excessive influx of K+ (d) excessive influx of Na+

(a) excessive outflow of K+

A trans fatty acid: (a) has a tail that resembles a saturated fatty acid in conformation. (b) is the most prevalent type of unsaturated fat found in nature. (c) has a tail that resembles a cis fatty acid in conformation. (d) has a kinked tail structure.

(a) has a tail that resembles a saturated fatty acid in conformation.

If a person is missing the enzyme lactase, what disaccharide do they have difficulty metabolizing? (a) lactose (b) sucrose (c) maltose (d) tetrahalose

(a) lactose

According to Figure 1, as Na+ concentration in the medium approaches the same concentration found in the cells, glucose concentration in the medium would: (a) level off, because a sodium gradient is not available to drive cotransport (b) remain at its original level, because sodium concentration does not affect glucose concentration (c) approach zero, because glucose and sodium are transported together (d) increase, because less glucose is transported into the bacterial cells

(a) level off, because a sodium gradient is not available to drive cotransport

Active transport must occur when the delta G value of associated with crossing a membrane is? (a) positive (b) negative (c) zero

(a) positive

What is the purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway in a human cell? (a) to generate NADPH for reductive biosynthetic reactions and to generate ribulose 5-phosphate/ribose 5-phosphate (b) All of the answers are correct. (c) to generate NADH that will enter the electron transport chain (d) to generate ribulose 5-phosphate/ribose 5-phosphate (e) to generate NADPH for reductive biosynthetic reactions

(a) to generate NADPH for reductive biosynthetic reactions and to generate ribulose 5-phosphate/ribose 5-phosphate

How many carbon atoms do each of the following molecules contain?: Glucose, pyruvate and lactate (a) 7, 4, and 3 (b) 6, 3, and 3 (c) 6, 2, and 2 (d) 5, 2, and 3

(b) 6, 3, and 3

Which solution component will have the lowest concentration at the end of the kinetic assay described in the passage? (a) Lactate (b) ADP (c) ATP (d) NAD+

(b) ADP

Which of the following hypotheses best explains the low cloning efficiency of G6PD-null cells in standard cell culture conditions (figure 2, 24% oxygen)? (a) Absence of the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway prevents synthesis of lipids needed for cell division. (b) Absence of the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway sensitizes cells to harmful oxidative stress. (c) Absence of the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway prevents production of electron-acceptor molecules. (d) Absence of the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway prevents synthesis of nucleotides needed for cell division.

(b) Absence of the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway sensitizes cells to harmful oxidative stress.

Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the information provided in the passage? (a) The phosphocreatine reserve is depleted after approximately 10 seconds. (b) After 1 minute, the rate of reaction per molecule of substrate would be greater than the main energy-generating processes at any point under 10 seconds. (c) ATP-PC is associated with more power at any given time in the first 2 seconds than during aerobic metabolism at any given time within the first 60 seconds. (d) The hydrolysis of phosphocreatine indirectly supplies energy to muscles.

(b) After 1 minute, the rate of reaction per molecule of substrate would be greater than the main energy-generating processes at any point under 10 seconds.

Pyruvate is metabolized even further in the TCA cycle. If the flow through the TCA cycle is increased and glycolysis is the only input into the TCA cycle, what would happen to the levels of pyruvate in the body? (a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Stays the same (d) It's not possible to determine from the information given.

(b) Decrease

In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate functions as an: (a) Electron acceptor for the reduction of NAD+ (b) Electron acceptor for the oxidation of NADH (c) electron donor for the reduction of NAD+ (d) electron donor for the oxidation of NADH

(b) Electron acceptor for the oxidation of NADH

Which of the following step is the rate-limiting step of the pentose phosphate pathway? (a) Transketolase (b) Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (c) Transaldolase (d) Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

(b) Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase

Which of the following nonhormonal intracellular conditions will trigger glycogen breakdown in muscle? (a) High glucose-6-phosphate (b) High AMP (c) High glucose (d) High ATP

(b) High AMP

The D45G variant, as compared to the other two versions of GalK with respect to each substrate, has: (a) Reduced substrate binding, but increased catalytic rate (b) Increased substrate binding, but reduced catalytic rate (c) Increased substrate binding, and increased catalytic rate (d) Decreased substrate binding, and decreased catalytic rate

(b) Increased substrate binding, but reduced catalytic rate

What component of a cell membrane is most likely to be affected in a membrane trafficking disease? (a) Peripheral proteins (b) Integral proteins (c) Glycoproteins (d) Cholesterol

(b) Integral proteins

Fermentation differs from glycolysis, because in fermentation: (a) glucose is oxidized (b) NAD+ is regenerated (c) high-energy electrons are transferred to NAD+ (d) ATP is produced

(b) NAD+ is regenerated

As glucose is oxidized to pyruvate (Pyr), where are the electrons from glucose stored? (a) ATP (b) NADH (c) NAD+ (d) ADP (e) CO2

(b) NADH

If a tissue was in need of ATP and NADPH, which enzyme would you NOT expect to be active? (a) Transketolase (b) PEPCK (c) Pyruvate kinase (d) Transaldolase

(b) PEPCK

Which enzyme-catalyzed reaction in glycolysis generates NADH? (a) The reaction catalyzed by hexokinase (HK) (b) The reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (c) The reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK) (d) The reaction catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) (e) None of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in glycolysis generates NADH.

(b) The reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)

Based on the data in Table 1, the highest catalytic efficiency results from which enzyme-substrate combination? (a) Wild-type with respect to galactose (b) Wild-type with respect to ATP (c) D45A with respect to galactose (d) D45A with respect to ATP

(b) Wild-type with respect to ATP

From experiments 1 and 2, the student hypothesized that the cells being investigated ultimately depend on energy to operate the sodium-glucose transport mechanism. Is this hypothesis supported by the data? (a) Yes, because Figures 1 and 2 show that glucose crosses the cell membrane in exchange for phosphate. (b) Yes, because Figure 1 shows that a Na+ gradient drives glucose transport, and Figure 2 shows that ATP maintains the Na+ gradient. (c) No, because Figure 2 shows that extracellular glucose and ATP concentrations are independent. (d) No, because Figure 1 shows that glucose crosses the cell membrane indefinitely in the absence of exogenous energy.

(b) Yes, because Figure 1 shows that a Na+ gradient drives glucose transport, and Figure 2 shows that ATP maintains the Na+ gradient.

Lipids are naturally occurring compounds which all: (a) contain fatty acids as structural units (b) are water-insoluble, but soluble in nonpolar solvents (c) are cyclic in structure (d) contain cholesterol

(b) are water-insoluble, but soluble in nonpolar solvents

Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids, because: (a) their molecules fit closely together (b) cis-double bonds give them an irregular shape (c) they have fewer hydrogen atoms (d) they have more hydrogen atoms

(b) cis-double bonds give them an irregular shape

During alcohol fermentation, pyruvic acid and acetaldehyde are, respectively: (a) decarboxylated and oxidized (b) decarboxylated and reduced (c) reduced and decarboxylated (d) decarboxylated and phosphorylated

(b) decarboxylated and reduced

The first reaction in gluconeogenesis converts pyruvate to __________ in the __________. (a) lactate; cytosol (b) oxaloacetate; mitochondrial matrix (c) phosphoenolpyruvate; cytosol (d) alanine; mitochondrial matrix (e) acetyl-CoA; mitochondrial matrix

(b) oxaloacetate; mitochondrial matrix

Phosphorylation of the dimer conformation __________ of glycogen phosphorylase will __________ this enzyme. (a) phosphorylase b; inactivate (b) phosphorylase b; activate (c) phosphorylase a; activate (d) phosphorylase a; inactivate

(b) phosphorylase b; activate

The net products of glycolysis are __________. (a) 4 pyruvates (Pyr), 4 ATP, and 4 NADH (b) 1 pyruvates (Pyr), 2 ATP, and 2 NADH (c) 2 pyruvates (Pyr), 2 ATP, and 2 NADH (d) 2 pyruvates (Pyr), 4 ATP, and 2 NADH

(c) 2 pyruvates (Pyr), 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

What is the maximum amount of NADPH that can be produced from 2 glucose molecules? (a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 36

(c) 24

Where does the product of the GalK reaction and subsequent Galactose processing steps enter the Glycolytic pathway? (a) As glucose (b) As galactose 6-phosphate (c) As glucose 6-phosphate (d) As glucose-1,6-bisphosphate

(c) As glucose 6-phosphate

Where in a eukaryotic cell does gluconeogenesis primarily occur? (a) Mitochondrial matrix (b) Peroxisome (c) Cytosol (d) Nucleus

(c) Cytosol

Where in a eukaryotic cell does glycolysis occur? (a) Mitochondrial matrix (b) Peroxisome (c) Cytosol (d) Nucleus (e) Endoplasmic reticulum

(c) Cytosol

Which of the following enzymes does NOT catalyze an irreversible reaction in glycolysis? (a) Hexokinase (HK) (b) Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (c) Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI or PGI) (d) Pyruvate kinase (PK)

(c) Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI or PGI)

The hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate to form pyruvate in the presence of ADP releases energy. The preceding is a necessary step in which metabolic process? (a) Lactate fermentation (b) Oxidative phosphorylation (c) Glycolysis (d) Citric acid cycle

(c) Glycolysis

Which of the following indicates the most "active" conformation of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme? I. b form II. a form III. T state IV. R state (a) III and I (b) II (c) II and IV (d) I (e) III (f) IV

(c) II and IV

G6PD is known to be subject to inhibition: given the metabolic role of the pentose phosphate pathway (i.e. what it produces), which of the following is least likely to be an inhibitor of G6PD? (a) NADPH (b) ribulose-5-phosphate (c) Insulin

(c) Insulin

What type of protein would NPC1L1 likely be? (a) Peripheral protein (b) Scaffold protein (c) Integral protein (d) Transcription factor

(c) Integral protein

During an experiment to analyze NPC, scientists centrifuged cells of the small intestine in a test tube. Which component of a cell membrane would scientists expect to find closest to the bottom of the test tube? (a) Phospholipid (b) O-Glycoprotein (c) NPC1L1 protein (d) Cholesterol

(c) NPC1L1 protein

During a hydropathy analysis of a protein that has recently been sequenced, a researcher discovers that the protein has several regions that contain 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids. What conclusions would she draw from this finding? (a) Protein would be specifically localized in the mitochondrial membrane. (b) Protein would be targeted to the nucleus (c) Protein is likely to be an integral protein (d) Protein is probably a peripheral membrane protein

(c) Protein is likely to be an integral protein

Which of the reasons could explain why gluconeogenesis is able to use many of the same enzymes as glycolysis? (a) The ΔG values of the steps without an asterisk are very negative. (b) The size of the activation energy of the steps without an asterisk is large. (c) The ΔG values of the steps without an asterisk are very close to zero. (d) The size of the activation energy of the steps without an asterisk is small

(c) The ΔG values of the steps without an asterisk are very close to zero.

Why do cells need to have the mechanism to synthesize glucose? (a) Because glucose isn't readily available in our diet (b) Because glucose needs to be made into fructose to go through glycolysis (c) To supply glucose to brain and red blood cells during fasting, starvation or extended exercise (d) Because only glucose made inside the body can be used for fuel

(c) To supply glucose to brain and red blood cells during fasting, starvation or extended exercise

What is the purpose of the first stage of glycolysis? (a) Maintaining redox balance in the cell (b) Producing Acetyl Co-A (c) Trapping glucose in the cell and priming it to become a high-transfer phosphate donor (d) Harvesting ATP energy

(c) Trapping glucose in the cell and priming it to become a high-transfer phosphate donor

Within animal cells, the transport of Na+/K+ via the ATPase pump involves: (a) facilitated diffusion (b) osmosis (c) active transport (d) passive transport

(c) active transport

Transketolase and transaldolase are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ribulose-5-phosphate into intermediaries of the glycolytic pathway; the cloning efficiency of G6PD-null cells in 13% oxygen (figure 2) could be explained by the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes having which of the following properties under the physiological conditions seen in this experiment? (a) low kcat (b) high Km (c) delta G close to 0 (d) delta G much less than 0

(c) delta G close to 0

Triacylglycerols are compounds which contain combined: (a) cholesterol and other steroids (b) fatty acids and phospholipids (c) fatty acids and glycerol (d) fatty acids and choline

(c) fatty acids and glycerol

The results of Experiment 1 and 2 indicate that ATP promotes the cellular uptake of glucose by serving as a source of: (a) monosaccharide (b) enzyme (c) metabolic energy (d) inorganic phosphate

(c) metabolic energy

If a neuronal membrane, which is normally slightly passively permeable to K+, becomes impermeable, but the Na+/K+-ATPase remains active, the neuron's resting potential would become: (a) more negative, because [K+] increases inside the neuron (b) more negative, because [K+] increases outside the neuron (c) more positive, because [K+] increases inside the neuron (d) more positive, because [K+] increases outside the neuron

(c) more positive, because [K+] increases inside the neuron

The first event to occur when a resting axon reaches its threshold potential (-40mV) is: (a) closing of K+ gates (b) activation of the Na+/K+ pump (c) opening Na+ gates (d) closing of Na+ gates

(c) opening Na+ gates

NADPH is also produced by enzymatic reactions in mitochondria; Based on this fact, which of the following cell types would be most susceptible to oxidative stress, assuming G6PD deficiency? (a) neurons (b) muscle cells (c) red blood cells (d) hepatocytes (liver cells)

(c) red blood cells

Altogether, the steps without an asterisk have slightly positive ΔG values. Knowing that glycolysis is spontaneous process, what does this mean about the ΔG values of the steps with the asterisk? (a) ΔG > 0 (b) ΔG = 0 (c) ΔG < 0 (d) ΔG = 1

(c) ΔG < 0

What is the ΔG of gluconeogenesis? (a) ΔG = 0 (b) ΔG > 0 (c) ΔG < 0 (d) ΔG = 1

(c) ΔG < 0

How many molecules of reduced NADPH are produced per glucose 6-phophate proceeding through the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway? (a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 2

(d) 2

Which amino acid in the substrate binding pocket is most likely to interact with the substrate through its backbone as opposed to its side chain? (a) Arg36 (b) Glu42 (c) Asp45 (d) Gly180

(d) Gly180

Which of the following enzymes does NOT catalyze a bypass reaction in gluconeogenesis? (a) Pyruvate carboxylase (b) Glucose-6-phosphatase (c) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (e) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

(d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

According to figure 1, ribulose-5-phosphate is important for the synthesis of nucleotides: which of the following molecules contain nucleotides, and thus would be expected to be depleted in a cell with low levels of ribulose-5-phosphate production? I. ATP II. NADH III. DNA (a) I only (b) III only (c) I and III (d) I, II and III

(d) I, II and III

Glucose -6-Phosphate dehydrogenase is allosterically activated by: (a) NADPH (b) NADH (c) NAD+ (d) NADP+

(d) NADP+

Does glycolysis require oxygen (O2)? (a) Yes. Glycolysis requires oxygen (O2) to make ATP. (b) No. Carbon dioxide is the only gas that is a substrate for glycolysis. (c) Yes. Oxygen is required to reduce NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis. (d) No. Oxygen (O2) is not a substrate for any of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

(d) No. Oxygen (O2) is not a substrate for any of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Which enzyme catalyzes the SECOND phosphorylation event in glycolysis? (a) Aldolase (b) Hexokinase (c) Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (d) Phosphofructokinase

(d) Phosphofructokinase

Which is true of the potassium ion channel? (a) Water and potassium move together through the channel. (b) It can transport sodium ions. (c) It uses active transport. (d) Polar backbones atoms of the channel replace water interactions as potassium moves through the channel.

(d) Polar backbones atoms of the channel replace water interactions as potassium moves through the channel.

Which enzyme-catalyzed reaction in glycolysis generates an NTP (where N = any nitrogenous base)? (a) The reaction catalyzed by hexokinase (HK) (b) The reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK) (c) The reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (d) The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (PK) (e) None of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in glycolysis generates an NTP.

(d) The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (PK)

Based on the passage, the initial event in the transport of glucose and sodium into a cell is: (a) direct hydrolysis of ATP in the cytoplasm by the sodium-glucose cotransporter. (b) direct hydrolysis of ATP on the extracellular surface by the sodium-glucose transporter (c) binding of Na+ to specific secreted proteins in the surrounding medium (d) binding of Na+ and glucose in the surrounding medium to specific membrane proteins

(d) binding of Na+ and glucose in the surrounding medium to specific membrane proteins

A runner sprints at maximum intensity for exactly one minute. If the muscles involved were tested afterward, it would reveal a build up of: (a) ADP (b) phosphocreatine (c) glucose (d) lactate

(d) lactate

In humans, phosphagens, or 'high-energy' phosphate compounds, are mostly found in: (a) the kidneys (b) the liver (c) the circulatory system (d) muscle tissue

(d) muscle tissue

What is the first reaction that begins metabolism of fructose in the liver? (a) aldol cleavage (b) hydrolysis (c) isomerization (d) phosphorylation

(d) phosphorylation

Saturated fats are _______ at room temperature and are obtained from _______ ? (a) liquids; plants (b) liquids; animals (c) solids; plants (d) solids; animals

(d) solids; animals

Experiments 1 and 2 provide evidence that cells take up glucose: (a) in exchange for Na+, if the ATP concentration is low. (b) in exchange for ATP, if the extracellular Na+ concentration remains constant. (c) together with Na+, if the extracellular concentration gradient is increasing. (d) together with Na+, if a favorable sodium concentration gradient is maintained.

(d) together with Na+, if a favorable sodium concentration gradient is maintained.

Which enzyme-catalyzed reaction in gluconeogenesis generates NADH? (a) The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase (b) The reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (c) The reaction catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase (d) The reaction catalyzed by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (e) The reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (f) None of the listed enzyme-catalyzed reactions in gluconeogenesis generates NADH.

(f) None of the listed enzyme-catalyzed reactions in gluconeogenesis generates NADH.

Which of the following statements about metabolism are true? 1) Catabolism is the process in which complex substances are broken down, yielding a net output of energy. 2) Metabolism is an integrated system in which many of the same reactions participate in degradative (catabolic) and biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways. 3) Anabolism involves the synthesis of polymeric biomolecules and complex lipids from monomers such as fatty acids and nucleotides. 4) All organisms require an external source of energy, such as glucose or sunlight, for metabolic energy.

All 4 statements are correct

True or False. Triacylglycerols are the most prevalent type of fat seen in membranes?

False Glycerophospholipids are the most abundant

Which of the following four statements is/are accurate with respect to glycolysis? 1) Glycolysis involves the conversion of monosaccharides into glucose. 2) Glycolysis involves the breakdown of glucose into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 3) Glycolysis involves the conversion of pyruvate into glucose to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 4) Glycolysis involves the conversion of acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide.

Only statement 2 is correct