bisci 004 final

-citrus -collagen synthesis -if not enough of this vitamin, scurvy -if too much of this vitamin, kidney stone

vitamin c

-milk -absorbs Ca2+ -maintains bones and teeth -if not enough-bone deformation -if too much, kidney damage

vitamin d

What is the main component of gastric juice? inactive pepsin amylase hydrochloric acid water bile

water

When digested, fats are broken down into _____. glycerol only fatty acids only monosaccharides amino acids both glycerol and fatty acids

both glycerol and fatty acids

conducts air from trachea to each lung a) larynx b) pharynx c) bronchi d) bronchioles

bronchi

two large branches of trachea reinforced with cartilage a) lungs b) bronchioles c) bronchi d) alveoli

bronchi

conduct air to alveoli, adjusts air flow in lungs a) bronchioles b) pharynx c) epiglottis d) bronchi

bronchioles

narrow passageways leading from bronchi to alveoli a) bronchioles b) lungs c) larynx d) epiglottis

bronchioles

Which of the following foods contains primarily saturated fats? skim milk olive oil peanuts butter

butter

What is the function of bile? a)Bile causes several serious diseases of the liver. b)Bile is first produced in the gallbladder. c)Bile helps dissolve gallstones. d)Bile aids in the digestion of fats by emulsifying fats.

d

When you exhale, __________. a)your abdominal muscles relax b)your diaphragm contracts to push air out c)your abdominal cavity decreases in size d)your diaphragm relaxes

d

Which of the following is NOT a reason that glomerular filtration works? a)The glomerular capillaries have pores. b)The cells surrounding the glomerulus have slits. c)The pressure in the capillaries is relatively high. d)Aldosterone binds to the cells of the glomerulus, permitting them to "loosen up" and allow wastes to move into the filtrate.

d

The urethra is a tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder. True False

false

-dark green veggies -coenzyme for amino acid and nucleic acid synthesis -if not enough, anemia

folic

Your small intestine can absorb ____ without their being further digested. starches fats proteins fructoses nucleic acids

fructoses

-stores bile salt -provides small intestine w bile salt

gallbladder

Your aunt is a biochemical engineer assigned to improve the ECMO machine. This would help with which of the following? Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Connecting tiny vessels during transplant Drug detoxification Distribution of antibiotics throughout the body

gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Cartilaginous, box like structure between the pharynx and trachea that contains vocal cords and glottis a) pharynx b) epiglottis c) larynx d) bronchioles

larynx

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sinuses? moisturizing the inhaled air lightening the head warming inhaled air olfaction

olfaction

-passage for food that's shared w respiratory system -passive process

pharynx

chamber connecting nasal cavities to esophagus and larynx a) pharynx b) trachea c) lungs d) bronchi

pharynx

common passageway for air, food and drink a) epiglottis b) trachea c) larynx d) pharynx

pharynx

Starch is a type of _____. disaccharide nucleotide polysaccharide fatty acid monosaccharide

polysaccharide

The tongue functions to __________. protect the opening of the pharynx during swallowing position food for swallowing grind and crush the food add moisture and enzymes to the food

position food for swallowing

-fertilization to week 2 -fertilization -cleavage -formation and implantation of blastocyst -beginning of formation of extra embryonic membranes and placenta

pre-embryonic

Which of the following would only be found in the glomerular filtrate if the glomerular membrane were damaged? glucose chloride protein creatinine

protein

Two-thirds of the water and electrolytes that were filtered out of the blood are returned back into the blood from which part of the nephron? collecting duct glomerulus proximal tubule distal tubule loop of Henle

proximal tubule

The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. glomerulus renal arteries renal veins venae cavae

renal arteries

Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the _____ and transported to the _____. urethra ... urinary bladder ... ureter renal pelvis ... medulla ... cortex renal pelvis ... ureter ...urinary bladder renal pelvis ... urethra ... urinary bladder ureter ... renal pelvis ... urinary bladder

renal pelvis ... ureter ...urinary bladder

amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation -1100-1200 ml a) tidal volume b) residual volume c) total lung capacity

residual volume

-lung capacity decreases as alveoli break down and lung tissue becomes less elastic

respiratory

-produces saliva-moistens food -amylase that breaks down carbs

salivary gland

Which type of fatty acid is most common in animal-based foods, such as steak, butter, and milk? monounsaturated fat saturated fat polyunsaturated fat

saturated

The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as _____. filtration dialysis secretion reabsorption none of these

secretion

-lessens weight of head -warms and moistens inhaled air a) sinuses b) pharynx c) larynx d) nasal cavity

sinuses

large air-filled spaces in the bones of the face a) nasal cavity b) epiglottis c) larynx d) sinuses

sinuses

-bones become lighter and more brittle -about 3in of height are lost -joints become more stiff and painful

skeletal

-digest and absorb most of the nutrients

small intestine

Chemical digestion of fats first occurs in the __________. mouth small intestine stomach large intestine

small intestine

The absorption of the majority of ingested nutrients takes place largely in the __________. mouth stomach small intestine large intestine

small intestine

The main area of absorption in your digestive system is found in the __________. large intestine colon stomach small intestine

small intestine

mix with enzyme, enzymes that can break down major nutrients

small intestine

-salt -balances H2O -nerve impulse -if not enough-muscle cramps -if too much, high blood pressure

sodium

Which of the following vegetables would be the best source of iron? cauliflower carrots tomatoes spinach

spinach

-stores food -starts to digest food -mixes and churns food -secretes digestive juice

stomach

Protein digestion begins in the _____. mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine

stomach

Where does protein digestion begin? stomach mouth small intestine esophagus

stomach

Where does the chemical digestion of proteins begin? mouth small intestine stomach spleen large intestine

stomach

mix and churn, digestive juice

stomach

amount of air inhaled or exhaled during an ordinary breath -500 ml a) vital capacity b) residual volume c) tidal volume d) total lung capacity

tidal volume

What is primarily the role of the bacteria found in the large intestine? to absorb critical vitamins to provide a natural source of protein to help digest food and produce vitamins to cause disease Submit

to help digest food and produce vitamins

total amount of air in lungs after maximum inhalation (vital capacity+residual volume) -4500-6000 ml

total lung capacity

-main airway -conducts air from larynx to bronchi a) bronchioles b) epiglottis c) trachea d) lungs

trachea

tube reinforced with c-shaped rings of cartilage that leads from larynx to bronchi a) trachea b) alveoli c) bronchi d) bronchioles

trachea

What is the function of the ureters? aid defecation form urine filter the blood transport of urine to the bladder

transport of urine to bladder

Amino acids are absorbed through the process known as active transport. True False

true

Fiber is not digested by the human digestive tract. true false

true

The alveoli are the site of external respiration. True False

true

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide both in the tissues and the lungs is by simple diffusion. True False

true

The pharynx is shared by the digestive and respiratory systems. True False

true

The respiratory system is involved in the regulation of the acidity of body fluids. True false

true

-absorbs some H2O -stores waste

large intestine

Foods only contain one type of carbohydrate. True False

False

-produces enzymes that break down major nutrients -balance the pH in the stomach -releases enzymes to small intestine

pancreas

Which of the following foods is the best source of monounsaturated fatty acids? peanut oil skim milk corn oil sour cream

peanut oil

passive process

pharynx

The urinary system is the only system to contain excretory organs. True False

false

What would happen if the liver were unable to produce enough bile salts? Fatty acid absorption would decrease. Glucose absorption would decrease. The rate of protein digestion would decrease. Mucus in the alimentary canal would increase. Lipase activity would increase.

fatty acid absorption would decrease

-week 9-birth -continued differentiation and growth of tissues and organs -increase In length as measured from head to rump -increase in weight

fetal

The movement of substances out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as _____. secretion reabsorption active transport ion pumping filtration

filtration

-treated water -maintains teeth and bones -teeth decay if not enough -if too much, digestive upset

flouride

-chew food -amylase breaks down carbs

mouth

Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg, capillary osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg. 25 mm Hg 60 mm Hg 35 mm Hg 50 mm Hg Submit

25 mm Hg

_____ is secreted by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____. Lipase ... small intestine ... fats ... small intestine Trypsin ... pancreas ... fats ... small intestine Nucleases ... pancreas ... nucleic acids ... stomach Amylase ... salivary glands ... starch ... stomach Bile ... liver ... fats ... small intestine

Bile ... liver ... fats ... small intestine

The agency that regulates the information on a food label is the __________. Health and Human Services Department (HHS) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Health (NIH)

FDA

What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration? gravity colloid osmotic pressure of blood hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)

blood pressure

Chemical digestion __________. a)occurs when enzymes break apart large molecules into smaller molecules b)begins in the mouth with the process known as mastication c)occurs through the process known as peristalsis d)occurs in the small intestine with the process known as segmentation

a

Hemoglobin acts as a buffer because ________. a)protons released by the dissociation of carbonic acid bind to hemoglobin, preventing large swings in blood pH b)an increase in pH leads to the unloading of oxygen c)a change in pH affects the shape of the hemoglobin molecule without affecting the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen d)an increase in oxygen leads to an increase in tidal volume

a

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____. a)as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) b)combined with hemoglobin c)by the trachea d)as hydrogen ions (H+) e)dissolved in blood plasma

a

What is the primary function of the digestive system? a)chemical and mechanical breakdown of food b)chemical breakdown of food using enzymes c)chewing of food to mechanically break it down d)acidification of food

a

Food that has been moistened with saliva and then swallowed through the esophagus is called __________. chyme pepsin an epiglottis a bolus

bolus

Which of the following statements about the organs of the digestive system is true? a)Although protein digestion begins in the stomach, pancreatic enzymes break the final polypeptide chains into amino acids. b)The pancreas secretes a substance that emulsifies fat globules. c)The digestion of food particles takes place in the small intestine, but the absorption of these digested particles takes place in the large intestine. d)The gallbladder stores secretions from the small intestine and empties them into the liver. e)The stomach secretes most of the enzymes needed for carbohydrate digestion.

a

Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate? a)blood cells and large particles b)ions, such as sodium and potassium c)water and small solutes d)nitrogenous waste particles, such as urea

a

By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____. acidic basic thick low in oxygen concentration red

acidic

Glucose is removed from filtrate by _____. secretion diffusion dialysis active transport osmosis

active transport

Although the stomach contents are very acidic, the stomach usually does NOT cause damage to itself. Why? The stomach lining is quick to repair itself. Mucus forms a thick protective coating for the stomach. The release of gastric juices is controlled to avoid too high a concentration. Food and water dilute the gastric juices. All of the listed responses are correct.

all

What secretions are needed to digest complex proteins into single amino acids for absorption? All of the listed responses are correct. proteases secreted from the pancreas and the small intestine hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach saliva from the salivary glands in the mouth

all

Which of the following describe(s) how to keep teeth and gums healthy? Brush your teeth twice a day and floss regularly. Use fluoridated toothpaste or get fluoride treatments from your dentist. Choose a diet low in sugar. Avoid sticky foods. All of the listed responses describe good dental practices.

all

Which of the following nutrients is a carbohydrate? starch high fructose corn syrup fructose All of these are correct.

all

Which of these is reabsorbed from filtrate? sodium chloride glucose water amino acids all of these

all

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? Trachea Bronchioles Alveoli Bronchi Nose

alveoli

microscopic sacs within lungs, bordered by extensive capillary network a) bronchi b) sinuses c) alveoli d) bronchioles

alveoli

provides immense internal surface area to gas exchange a) lungs b) trachea c) alveoli d) bronchi

alveoli

What is the first structure to receive carbon dioxide from the blood during exhalation? alveolus bronchiole bronchus nasal cavity

alveolus

When digested, proteins are broken down into _____. glycerol only fatty acids only monosaccharides amino acids both glycerol and fatty acids

amino acids

Which of these enzymes begins the breakdown of starch? bile disaccharidases lipase amylase nucleases

amylase

If you could observe the activities in the area where your lung tissue and blood vessels meet, you would see __________. a)no carbon dioxide remaining in the blood as it leaves b)oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusing into and out of the blood c)lung cells actively pumping oxygen into the blood d)capillary cells actively pumping carbon dioxide into the lungs

b

Which of the following appears most likely to be true? a)Binge drinking has no effect on the liver in young people. b)Binge drinking increases the risk of cirrhosis in young people. c)Binge drinking does not increase the risk of cirrhosis in young people. d)Binge drinking is the only cause of cirrhosis in young people.

b

Which of the following is an FDA required component of a food packaging label? a)A food label must include amounts of all vitamins. b)A food label must include the common name of the product on the front of the package. c)A food label must include the name of the product on all sides of the package. d)A food label must include a nutrient claim, such as "low fat," if the food product meets the criteria.

b

Which statement is correct? a)Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries. b)In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells. c)As oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated. d)Oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration. e)Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells.

b

Which of the following lists presents the foods in order from the best to the poorest source of iron? white meat chicken, dark meat chicken, beef dark meat chicken, beef, white meat chicken dark meat chicken, white meat chicken, beef beef, dark meat chicken, white meat chicken

beef, dark,white

-legumes -coenzyme for metabolism -anemia if not enough

biotin

The total lung capacity and the vital capacity are equal. True False

false

What is denaturation? a)the mechanical shredding and churning of protein by the muscular actions of the stomach b)the actions of bile from the gallbladder to reduce the surface area of proteins c)the uncoiling of the protein molecule by hydrochloric acid in the stomach d)the actions of the protein digestive enzyme forming shorter peptide chains

c

What is the role of ADH in water reabsorption? a)ADH causes the collecting duct to constrict to reduce the flow of filtrate out of a nephron. b)ADH is the primary causative agent in diabetes. c)ADH causes the collecting duct to become more permeable to water. d)ADH causes the collecting duct to become impermeable to water. e)ADH causes glomerular capillaries to dilate, which increases blood flow into the glomerulus. Submit

c

When referring to the osmotic gradient in the loop of Henle, we can say that ________. a)the osmolarity is about the same at the cortex end and the medulla end but is considerably higher in the middle b)the osmolarity is about the same at the cortex end and the medulla end but is considerably lower in the middle c)the osmolarity is lower toward the cortex and higher toward the medulla d)the osmolarity is approximately the same throughout the loop of Henle e)the osmolarity is higher toward the cortex and lower toward the medulla

c

When you inhale, __________. a)your rib muscles help push oxygen downward toward your lungs b)your diaphragm pulls on your lung tissue to stretch out your lungs c)your diaphragm lowers the pressure in your chest cavity d)your rib muscles pull your ribcage and lungs inward

c

Which of the following best describes vital capacity? a)tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve b)total lung capacity c)inspiratory reserve plus expiratory reserve plus tidal volume d)expiratory reserve plus residual volume

c

Which of the following statements about oxygen transport is FALSE? a)Most oxygen binds to hemoglobin, but some is free in the plasma. b)Oxygen moves according to the principles of diffusion. c)Under normal circumstances, about 50% of the oxygen is unloaded at the cellular level. d)When one oxygen binds to hemoglobin, the shape is changed and three more oxygens can bind rapidly.

c

Which of the following statements is not true about carbohydrate digestion? a)Carbohydrate digestion breaks polysaccharides into smaller units. b)The enzyme secreted in the mouth to begin chemical digestion of carbohydrates is not active in the stomach. c)Disaccharides like sucrose do not need to be further broken down before being absorbed. d)There is an enzyme in saliva that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates.

c

Which of the following statements regarding absorption of monosaccharides is TRUE? a)All monosaccharides require energy for absorption; therefore, they require active passport. b)Monosaccharides do not require a protein carrier for transport into the blood. c)Some, but not all, monosaccharides are absorbed by passive transport. d)All monosaccharides are absorbed via facilitated diffusion. Submit

c

Which of the following statements regarding glucose absorption is TRUE? a)Glucose is absorbed solely through the lining of the mouth: the oral mucosa. b)Glucose is digested in the small intestine. c)Glucose is absorbed mostly through the lining of the small intestine. d)Glucose is absorbed mostly in the stomach.

c

-milk, cheese, and dairy -maintains bones and teeth -if not enough, brittle bones and stunt growth -prevents absorption of other nutrients (minerals)

calcium

Which of the following macromolecules go directly from the lumen of the small intestine to the epithelial cells of the intestine and on through to the blood stream? carbohydrates and lipids carbohydrates and proteins carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins proteins and lipids These macromolecules are absorbed from the large intestine and not the small intestine.

carbs and proteins

-cardiac output decreases as walls of heart stiffen -blood pressure rises

cardiovascular

The Dietary Guidelines recommended limiting added sugar in a diet. Which of the following foods would be considered a significant source of added sugar? orange juice white bread potato Nutri-Grain cereal bar

cereal bar

In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____. as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) combined with hemoglobin by the trachea water (H2O) dissolved in blood plasma

combined w hemoglobin

Which of the following foods is the best source of polyunsaturated fatty acid? corn oil avocado steak olive oil

corn oil

The outer part of the kidney is the _____. medulla nephron lacteal cortex Bowman's capsule

cortex

After blood becomes oxygenated, a)it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs. b)it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs. c)it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth. d)it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells. e)it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen.

d

Hemoglobin a)has five subunits. b)uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells. c)is the site of cellular respiration. d)is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen. e)is found in blood plasma.

d

The interface between the air and the blood is composed of ________. a)oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hemoglobin b)the lungs, the diaphragm, and the blood c)the epithelial cells, the capillary wall, and the diaphragm d)the epithelial cells of the alveolus, the extracellular fluid, and the capillary wall e)the alveolus, hemoglobin, and carbonic anhydrase

d

Which of the following is the best definition for carbon dioxide in the context of the respiratory system? a)a dissolved gas in our blood that has no effect on our physiology b)a poisonous substance to our bodies c)a toxic chemical that can be eliminated completely on exhaling d)a waste product of cellular respiration

d

Which of the following statement(s) regarding digestion is/are correct? a)Mechanical digestion in the stomach mixes and churns the bolus until it becomes a liquid called chyme. b)The gallbladder secretes bile, which emulsifies the fat, breaking it into smaller particles. c)The presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulates the gallbladder and the pancreas to release bile and pancreatic juice. d)All of these statements are correct.

d

which statement about carbon dioxide transport is FALSE? a)Carbon dioxide moves according to the principles of diffusion. b)Carbon dioxide is converted to carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase. c)Carbonic acid dissociates, releasing a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion. d)An increase in the number of hydrogen ions increases the pH of the blood. e)The blood carries the carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

d

-basal metabolic rate declines -ability of liver to detoxify substances declines

digestive

During inhalation, a)air moves up the trachea. b)the diaphragm relaxes. c)oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs. d)the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. e)the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.

e

-weeks 3-8 -gastrulation -formation of tissues, organs and organ systems

embryonic

-in women, production of estrogen and progesterone decreases -in men, production of testosterone decreases -both sexes, production of growth hormone decreases

endocrine

Covers the glottis during swallowing a) pharynx b) larynx c) trachea d) epiglottis

epiglottis

flap of tissue reinforced w cartilage a) sinuses b) larynx c) epiglottis d) trachea

epiglottis

-muscular tube -bring food from mouth to stomach

esophagus

amount of air that can be exhaled in addition to a normal breath -1000 ml a) expiratory volume reserve b) vital capacity c) residual volume d) total lung capacity

expiratory volume reserve

gas exchange in lungs a) external respiration b) internal respiration

external

The absorption mechanism that requires a specific carrier molecule, but no energy, to move digested nutrients across the cell membrane is called __________. facilitated diffusion active transport simple diffusion carrier absorption

facilitated diffusion

Chemical digestion of protein begins in the mouth with enzymes found in the saliva. True False

false

Foods contain only one type of fatty acid, either saturated or unsaturated, but never both. True False

false

It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells. true false

false

Meats are the only food group with a significant amount of iron. True False

false

Small fat-soluble molecules, such as free fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, are absorbed through facilitated diffusion in the small intestine. True False

false

The mouth is involved only in mechanical breakdown of food. True False

false

A muscle located at the end of the esophagus must relax before the bolus can enter the stomach. This muscle is called the __________. cecum pyloric sphincter ileocecal valve gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter

gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter

Another name for the alimentary canal is ________. microvilli the process of digestion gastrointestinal tract chyme peristalsis

gastrointestinal tract

Which of the following substances initially occurs in the kidney's filtrate but is entirely moved back to the blood in the proximal tubule? urea ammonia glucose creatine

glucose

You are a transplant doctor. When doing a transplant, you would use ECLS to do the work of which of the following? Heart and lungs Lungs and liver Heart and kidneys Liver and kidneys

heart and lungs

Your cousin is quite ill and needs Novalung. Which of the following will it be connected to? His kidneys His lungs His heart His liver

his heart

What acid is responsible for stomach acidity? hydrochloric acid carbonic acid sulfuric acid acetic acid sodium hydroxide

hydrochloric acid

amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to a normal breath -1900-3300 ml a) vital capacity b) residual volume c) inspiratory reserve volume d) total lung capacity

inspiratory volume reserve

-wrinkles appear -sweat glands decrease in number-regulation of body temp becomes more challenging -hair thins and turns gray a) endocrine b) nervous c) integumentary

integumentary

gas exchange in capillary beds throughout body tissues a) internal respiration b) external respiration

internal

-fish and ocean plants -thyroid hormones -if not enough/too much-enlarged thyroid gland

iodine

-red meat -major component for hemoglobin and myoglobin -if not enough, anemia -if too much, liver damage

iron

-generates urine -absorbs and conserves water -purifies blood -regulates blood pH and blood pressure -stimulates production of red blood cells -transforms Vitamin D into active form a)ureter b)kidney c)urinary bladder d)uretha

kidney

Which of the following organs is responsible for filtering the blood and regulating its volume and solute concentration? kidneys stomach lungs bladder

kidneys

diverse array of bacteria, very little chemical digestion, most carried out by bacteria

large intestine

-allows air but not other materials to pass to lower respiratory system -source of the voice a) larynx b) trachea c) pharynx d) bronchi

larynx

Jessi is a vegan and knows she needs to consume more iron. She does not want to take supplements, but instead get iron from natural foods. Which of the following would be the best source of iron for Jessi that does not include animal products? citrus fruits lentils nuts milk

lentils

-produces bile salt (breaks down fat) -stores and distributes energy

liver

The filtrate flows into which region of the nephron after it leaves the proximal tubule? distal tubule cortex the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule collecting duct loop of Henle

loop of henle

a pair of elastic structures within chest cavity containing surfaces for gas exchange a) lungs b) alveoli c) bronchioles d) sinuses

lungs

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air a) alveoli b) epiglottis c) lungs d) bronchi

lungs

Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____. lactose glucose sucrose fructose maltose

maltose

You are a gastroenterologist seeing a 37-year-old patient with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Which of the following is true? Your patient will need to go on dialysis. Your patient will need a liver transplant to survive. Your patient may be able to reverse the disease if she quits drinking. It will most likely be fatal.

may be able to reverse if quit drinking

Which of the following foods is the best source of iron? meat fruits milk grains

meat

Which of the following foods would be a good source of naturally occurring sugar? milk white bread soda pop Nutri-Grain cereal bar

milk

The body absorbs which form of digested carbohydrates? oligosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides monosaccharides

monosaccharides

As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes _____ concentrated than the filtrate, so _____ leaves the filtrate. more ... urea less ... urea more ... water less ... water less ... water and urea

more......water

-food enters here -teeth to chew -tongue to help move the food

mouth

Where does chemical digestion of food begin? liver small intestine mouth stomach

mouth

-muscle mass decreases owing to loss and muscle cells and decreased size of remaining muscle cells

muscle

Which of the following systems is NOT involved in eliminating waste from the body? integumentary system muscular system digestive system respiratory system

muscular

-filters and conditions (moistens and warms incoming air) -olfaction (sense of smell) a) sinuses b) nasal cavity c) epiglottis d) larynx

nasal cavity

Which structure/organ of the respiratory system is responsible for filtering and warming inhaled air? alveolus larynx pharynx nasal cavity

nasal cavity

cavity within the nose, divided into right and left halves by nasal septum, has 3 shelflike bones a) sinuses b)nasal cavity c) larynx d) pharynx

nasal cavity

In which of the following places are doctors likely to see the highest percentage of young people dying of cirrhosis? A community with a large percentage of people of Asian heritage. A community with a large percentage of Native Americans. A community with a large percentage of Caucasians. A community with a large percentage of Mexican heritage.

native Americans

Which of these is the functional unit of a kidney? neuron villi nephron alveolus osteon

nephron

-brain mass decreases -movements and reflexes slow -hearing becomes less acute -ability of eye to focus declines -smell and taste become less acute

nervous

Which of the following is NOT an FDA required component of a food packaging label? nutrient claim net weight or volume of the product list of ingredients Nutrition Facts Panel

nutrient claim

Which of the following is likely to be the MOST significant source of fiber in a cereal bar? enriched white flour rolled oats, cracked oats, steal cut oats milk powder fruit filling

oats

Which of the following people is most likely to suffer from cirrhosis? An underweight woman with an alcohol problem. An obese woman that is a non-drinker. An obese man with an alcohol problem. An underweight man that is a non-drinker.

obese man w alcohol problem

True or false. When discussing breathing, we can say that air enters the lungs because the diaphragm contracts and in the process, oxygen passes into the alveoli and then down its concentration gradient from an alveolus to the blood. When we breathe out, the diaphragm relaxes and carbon dioxide passes down its concentration gradient from the blood to the alveolus and then out of the lungs. true false

true

The most abundant solute in urine is _____. glucose water plasma proteins sodium chloride urea (and other nitrogenous wastes)

urea and other wastes

transports urine from kidney to bladder a) uretha b) ureter

ureter

transports urine to outside of body a)uretha b)kindey c) urinary bladder d) ureter

urethra

-in both sexes, kidney mass declines as does rate of filtration of the blood by nephrons -particularly in women, the external urethral sphincter weakens, causing incontinence -in men, the prostate gland enlarges, causing painful and frequent urination

urinary

stores urine a) kidney b)ureter c) uretha d) urinary bladder

urinary bladder

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled in a single forced breath -3400-4800 ml a) tidal volume b) total lung capacity c) residual volume d) vital capacity

vital capacity

-liver -dairy products -maintains vision and integrity of skin -if not enough of this vitamin poor vision and dry skin -if excess of this vitamin-headache or sleepiness

vitamin a

If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease? net filtration would not be altered net filtration would increase net filtration would decrease

would decrease

You are a doctor seeing a patient. Which of the following would be most likely to lead you to think he has a problem with his liver? He has a red hue. He has an orange hue. He has a yellow hue. He has a blue hue.

yellow hue

The fluid that eventually forms your urine comes most directly from __________. your stomach your blood your small intestine your large intestine

your blood