Blood and Heart

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except one A. Decreasing ejection fraction B. Decreasing end-systolic volume C. Increasing stroke volume D. Increasing heart rate E. Increasing ejection fraction

A. Decreasing ejection fraction

Which of these is not found in blood? A.glycogen B.fibrinogen C.glucose D.urea E.albumin

A.glycogen

It would be impossible for a type O+ baby to have a/an ____ father.

AB-

____ is a chemical that reduces the heart rate.

Acetylcholine

Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, except the A. Heart rate B. Stroke volume C. condition of the conducting system. D. Effects of drugs and poison E. duration of the ventricular action potential.

B. Stroke volume

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation?

Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen. Blood flow changes to match tissue responses. Changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure. Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients.

Which of the following ions serves as a cofactor in blood clotting?

Ca++

Ventricular repolarization occurs during the ____ of an ECG

T wave

A resting adult heart rate below 60 bpm as when sleeping and well trained athletes is called

bradycardia

Which of the following is true of basophils?

constitute about 1 percent of WBCs promote inflammation contain dense blue stained granules in the Wright stain granules contain histamine

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

depolarization of the atria.

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolve clots

You have all seen movies of people stranded in the ocean aboard lifeboats. The people are surrounded by water yet they cannot drink the seawater. The seawater would

increase the blood osmolarity, and the tissues would become more dehydrated.

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect an

increased reticulocyte count.

Which of the following would increase heart rate?

increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers increased levels of norepinephrine and/or epinephrine faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12

Most of the ventricle filling occurs

during atrial diastole

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid

ECG stands for

electrocardiogram

A blood clot that breaks free and travels in the bloodstream is called a/an

embolus

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophil

You are looking at differential WBC counts for two patients. One patient has a parasitic infection while the other has a viral infection. The patient with the parasitic infection would have a high ____ differential count, while the patient with a viral infection would have a high ____ differential count

eosinophil; monocyte

____ and _____ increase the heart rate

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin (EPO)

A blood clot is composed of blood cells, platelets, and a sticky protein called

fibrin

Blood serum is essentially the same as blood plasma, except that plasma contains ____ and serum does not.

fibrinogen

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrogen

These plasma proteins are made in the and form a major component of blood clots

fibrogen

How many chambers does the mammalian heart contain?

four

The aortic semilunar valve shuts when the pressure in the aorta is ____ than in the left ventricle.

greater

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

A bruise or mass of clotted blood in a tissue is known as

hematoma

specialized cells called _____ produce all the formed elements.

hemocytoblasts

The red color of erythrocytes comes from the pigment

hemoglobin

The production of blood cells and platelets is called

hemopoiesis

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemorrhage

in mitral stenosis, one of the most common forms of valvular heart disease, when the ventricles contract blood will leak back into the

left atrium

A cancer of the white blood cells is called

leukemia

A deficiency of circulating leukocytes is called

leukemia

Sickle cell anemia (crescent shaped RBC) prevents

malaria

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

mediastinum

The heart is located near the center of the chest cavity, in a region called themediastinum

mediastinum

The cardiac center, which modifies the heart rate, is located in

medulla oblongata

A clicking, whooshing, or roaring sound with a heart beat is called a

mumur/backwash

Leukopoiesis is the

production of white blood cells.

Which one of the following parts of the conduction system directly stimulates the ventricles?

purkinje fibers

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow

In the adult, blood formation occurs in the

red bone marrow and lymphoid tissues.

Identify the process of blood collection from a vein

venipuncture/ phlebotomy

the mitral valve closes

when left ventricular pressure exceeds left atrial pressure. at the beginning of ventricular systole at the same time at the tricuspid valve.

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood

The mean temperature of the blood is ____ degrees F.

100.4F

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

3 months

A typical adult hematocrit is around

45

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45%

Materials can move across capillary walls by

Diffusion Filtration Reabsorption

Platelets function in all of the following, except A. contraction after clot formation. B. initiating the clotting process. C. forming temporary clump in injured areas. D. releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting E. dissolving a formed clot.

E. dissolving a formed clot.

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except A. increased vessel diameter. B. increased blood pressure. C. decreased peripheral resistance. D. relaxation of precapillary sphincters. E. increased hematocrit.

E. increased hematocrit.

____ is secreted in response to hypoxia and produces a negative feedback loop that raises the oxygen concentration of the blood

EPO

The ventricles are said to exhibit ____ when they beat in a rapid, uncoordinated fashion and do not effectively eject blood

Fibrillation

During the cardiac cycle, the

both QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure and first heart sound coincides with the QRS complex of the ECG.

____are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Monocytes

An emergency room patient has been in an automobile accident. He is unconscious and his medical history is unknown, but he is found to have blood type B+. He needs blood, and only the following types are available. Which would be the safest to administer?

O-

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that occurs in cigarette smoke, engine exhaust, and fumes from furnaces and space heaters. Carbon monoxide competes with ____for the same binding site located on the ____

O2; heme

____ are formed elements of the blood that are not and never were true cells.

Platelets

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors

Vitamin K

In which of the following would the resistance be greater?

a vessel 10 microns in diameter > a vessel 1 mm in diameter

blood loss is called

coagulation/ hemostasis/clotting

The clumping of RBCs by antibodies is called ____, whereas the clumping of RBCs by fibrin is called ____

agglutination; coagulation

Erythrocyte antigens that determine a person's ABO blood type are known as

agglutinogens

Erythrocyte antigens that determine a person's ABO blood type are known as _____

agglutinogens

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh negative mother carries a Rh positive fetus

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils

The color of bile is due to ____; the color of feces is due to ___; the color of urine is due to ___; and the color of jaundice is due to ____.

bilirubin urobilinogen urochrome bilirubin

In cardiac muscle

calcium ions enter the cell through slow ion channels.

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

capillaries

the function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

Which of these descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

often elevated in allergic individuals

The disease that results from a hereditary lack of intrinsic factor is known as

pernicious anemia

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

In response to hemorrhage, there is peripheral

vasoconstriction. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. mobilization of the venous reserve.

____ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

reticulocytes

An individual has a white blood cell count of 25,000 cells/microliter. You could assume that the individual may have a

severe infection

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

superficial vein

Contraction of any heart chamber is called

systole

A persistent, resting heart rate in excess of 100 beats/minute is called

tachycardia

Which of the following would be greater?

the end-diastolic volume when the heart rate is 60 beats/minute > the end-diastolic volume when the heart rate is 150 beats/minute

Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a hormone that is secreted by

the kidneys

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located between

the left atrium and left ventricle.

A person's blood type is determined largely by

the presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

Muscular ridges or arches on the inner surface of the ventricles are called

trabeculae carneae