Blood vessels of the Upper extremity
topography of A. radialis (posterior)
downwards as follows: tendon of M.BICEPS BRACHII, M.SUPINATOR, M.PRONATOR TERES, M.FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS, M.FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS, M.PRONATOR QUADRATUS, RADIUS
Topography of A.subclavia (2. part, right and left)
on both sides: SAME STRUCTURES posterior and inferior: PLEURA, LUNGS superior: PLEXUS BRACHIALIS origin
First part of A. subclavia
to the medial margin of M.SCALENUS ANTERIOR
topography of A. radialis (lateral ward)
M.BRACHIORADIALIS, N.RADIALIS (ramus superficialis)
Topography of A. brachialis (lateral wards)
M.CORACOBRACHIALIS, M.BICEPS BRACHII -At the upper third lateralwards from a.brachialis there is also n.medianus.
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (3. part, lateral ward)
M.CORACOBRACHIALIS, N.MUSCULOCUTANEUS
topography of A. ulnaris (medial ward)
M.FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS, N.ULNARIS
topography of A. ulnaris ( posterior)
M.FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS (At the area of fossa cubiti, posterior to it lies M.BRACHIALIS)
topography of A. ulnaris (lateral ward)
M.FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
topography of A. radialis (medial ward)
M.PRONATOR TERES, M.FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS.
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (3. part, posterior)
M.SUBSCAPULARIS, M.TERES MAJOR, and tendons of M.LATISSIMUS DORSI
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (1. part, posterior)
MM.SERRATUS ANTERIOR, MM.INTERCOSTALES, N. THORACICUS LONGUS
Topography of A. brachialis (posterior)
- M.TRICEPS BRACHII, M.BRACHIALIS, N.RADIALIS, A.PROFUNDA BRACHII.
Topography of A. brachialis (anterior)
- SKIN, SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, APONEUROSIS BICIPITALIS, VV.SUBCUTANEAE BRACHII. - At the middle third a.brachialis is crossed by n.medianus in front.
Anastomoses of A. subclavia- TR. COSTOCERVICALIS
- a.cervicalis profunda with a.vertebralis and a.occipitalis (from a. carotis externa),- a.intercostalis suprema with a.thoracica suprema (from a. axillaris) and a.thoracica interna (which connects with Aorta thoracica and a.femoralis).
Anastomoses of A. subclavia- TR. THYROCERVICALIS
- a.thyroidea inferior with a.vertebralis (through a. cervicalis ascendens), - a. cervicalis ascendens with a.vertebralis,- a. suprascapularis with a.axillaris, - a. transversa colli:r. ascendens with a vertebralis, r. descendens with a. axillaris;
A. brachialis origin and end
- from the inferior margin of M.PECTORALIS MAJOR (as continuation a.axillaris), - up to FOSSA CUBITI(here it divides into a.radialis et a.ulnaris). * It's main trunk supplies the anterior brachial muscles.
Branches of A. brachialis (a. profunda brachii)
- in sulcus radialis along with n. radials - supplies muscles of the posterior compartment of the upper arm - gives branches to connect a. circumflexa humeri posterior, then splits into: a) A. COLLATERALIS RADIALIS b) A. COLLATERALIS MEDIA
pulse palpation of A. brachialis
- in the middle of the upper arm, in the middle of sulcus bicipitalis medialis, pressing these structures to the humerus; - at the cubital fossa, between the tendon of m.biceps brachii and epicondylus medialis humeri.
A. AXILLARIS pulse palpation site:
- palpated pressing the third part to the humeral neck.
Anastomoses at the elbow joint region (A.COLLATERALIS RADIALIS)
- with A.RECURRENS RADIALIS (a)(from A.RADIALIS) - anterior to the joint.
ANASTOMOTIC REGIONS of A.SUBCLAVIA (connect basins as follows)
1 - Dextra - Sinistra 2 - Carotis - Vertebralis 3 - Carotis int. - Carotis ext. 4 - Subclavia - Carotis 5 - Subclavia - Vertebralis 6 - Subclavia - Axillaris 7 - Subclavia - Femoralis
Pulse palpation of A. radialis
1) at the inferior part of the forearm, in front of processus styloideus radii; 2) at the anatomical snuff box.
Branches of A.radialis
1. A.RECURRENS RADIALIS (cubital fossa). 2. RR. MUSCULARES (the radial side of the forearm). 3. RR.CARPEI PALMARES et DORSALES (wrist). 4. R.PALMARIS SUPERFICIALIS with A.ULNARIS forms ARCUS PALMARIS SUPERFICIALIS (hand, fingers)
Branches of A. ulnaris 1.
1. A.RECURRENS ULNARIS ANTERIOR (a) et POSTERIOR (b) (elbow joint)
Branches of the 1. part A. subclavia (right: 1-3, left: 1-4 branches)
1. A.VERTEBRALIS (brain, deep structures of the neck). 2. A.THORACICA INTERNA (thorax,thoracic organs, breast) 3. TR.THYROCERVICALIS (cervix, thyroid gland). 4. (sometimes) TR.COSTOCERVICALIS (cervix, I-II intercostal space).
Branches of A. AXILLARIS (1. part)
1.1. A.THORACICA SUPREMA (I-II intercostal space)
Branches of A. AXILLARIS (2. part)
2.1 A.THORACOACROMIALIS (clavicle area, shoulder area, m.deltoideus, mm.pectorales) 2.2 A.THORACICA LATERALIS (lateral part of thoracic cage, breast)
Branches of the 3. part of A.subclavia
A. DORSALIS SCAPULAE (supplies the dorsal part of scapula)- if it is not at the I and II parts
Branches of A. AXILLARIS (3. part, 3.2)
A.CIRCUMFLEXA HUMERI ANTERIOR;
Branches of A. AXILLARIS (3. part, 3.3)
A.CIRCUMFLEXA HUMERI POSTERIOR (both supply the humeral neck, shoulder region, their branches stretch towards the dorsal region of scapula)
Branches of A. ulnaris 2.
A.INTEROSSEA COMMUNIS: a) A.INTEROSSEA ANTERIOR (c) (middle part of anterior muscles of forearm), b) A.INTEROSSEA POSTERIOR (d) (middle part of posterior muscles of forearm).
Branches of A. AXILLARIS (3. part, 3.1)
A.SUBSCAPULARIS, which splits into: a) a.circumflexa scapulae(the dorsal side of scapula);b) a.thoracodorsalis (lateral part of the thoracic cage, m.latissimus dorsi)
Branches of Tr. Thyrocervicalis 2.
A.SUPRASCAPULARIS (scapular dorsal muscles)
Branches of Tr. Thyrocervicalis 1.
A.THYROIDEA INFERIOR (thyroid gland), variation: sometimes A.CERVICALIS ASCENDENS branches off here also.
Branches of Tr. Thyrocervicalis 3.
A.TRANSVERSA COLLI (the muscles of neck and scapula region), branches: a) A.CERVICALIS ASCENDENS (also known as A.SUPERFICIALIS), b) A.CERVICALIS DESCENDENS, sometimes named DORSALIS SCAPULAE.
Anastomosis of the scapula region 7.
A.circumflexa humeri posterior with a. profunda brachii (at the area of m. triceps brachii). P.S. It might be as follows: 1+2+6, also 6+7.
Anastomosis of the scapula region 2.
A.dorsalis scapulae with a.circumflexa scapulae (along with margo medialis scapulae)
Anastomosis of the scapula region 4.
A.dorsalis scapulae with aa.intercostales posteriores from aorta (on the lateral side of the thoracic cage).
Anastomosis of the scapula region 1.
A.suprascapularis with a.circumflexa scapulae (at the area of fossa infraspinata).
Anastomosis of the scapula region 5.
A.thoracoacromialis, a. thoracica lateralis, a.thoracodorsalis with aa. intercostales anteriores from a.thoracica interna (from the a.subclavia) (on the lateral side of the thoracic cage).
Anastomosis of the scapula region 3.
A.transversa colli with a. circumflexa scapulae (along with margo medialis scapulae, ANGULUS SUP.).
Topography of A.subclavia (1. part left, posterior)
ESOPHAGUS, DUCTUS THORACICUS, N.RECURRENS N.VAGI, GANGLION CERVICALE INFERIUS
Topography of A.subclavia (1. part left, medial ward)
ESOPHAGUS, TRACHEA, DUCTUS THORACICUS, N.RECURRENS N. VAGI
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (2. part, lateral ward)
FASCICULUS LATERALIS plexus brachialis
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (2. part, medial ward)
FASCICULUS MEDIALIS plexus brachialis, V.AXILLARIS.
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (2. part, posterior)
FASCICULUS POSTERIOR plexus brachialis, M.SUBSCAPULARIS
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (3. part, medial ward)
N.CUTANEUS BRACHII et ANTEBRACHII MEDIALIS, N.ULNARIS, V.AXILLARIS
Topography of A.subclavia (1. part left, anterior)
N.VAGUS, NN.CARDIACI, N.PHRENICUS, A.CAROTIS COMMUNIS SINISTRA, V.JUGULARIS INTERNA, V.VERTEBRALIS, V.BRACHIOCEPHALICA
A. ulnaris origin and end
ORIGIN - at the FOSSA CUBITI area (where collum radii meets ulna). END - at the WRIST area; below this point a.ulnaris merges as the arcus palamaris superficialis)
A. radialis origin and end
ORIGIN - at the FOSSA CUBITI area, anterior of the collum radii. END - at the WRIST area, in the front of processus styloideus radii (a.radialis terminates as the arcus palmaris profundus).
Topography of A.subclavia (1. part left, lateral ward)
PLEURA, LUNGS
Topography of A.subclavia (1. part right, posterior and inferior)
PLEURA, TR.SYMPATICUS, N.RECURRENS N.VAGI
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (1. part, lateral ward )
PLEXUS BRACHIALIS
Topography of A.subclavia (3. part, right and left, posterior)
PLEXUS BRACHIALIS (truncus inferior)
Topography of A.subclavia (3. part, right and left, superior)
PLEXUS BRACHIALIS (tr.superior et medius)
Branches of A. ulnaris 5.
R.PALMARIS PROFUNDUS su A.RADIALIS sudaro ARCUS PALMARIS PROFUNDUS (hand, fingers)
Anastomosis of the scapula region 6.
R.acromialis (a.thoracoacromialis) with a.circumflexa humeri posterior (at the area of acromion).
Branches of A. ulnaris 3.
RR. MUSCULARES (the ulnar side of the forearm muscles).
Branches of A. ulnaris 4.
RR.CARPEI PALMARES et DORSALES (wrist)
Branches of the 2. part of A. subclavia
SECOND PART: 1. TR.COSTOCERVICALIS, which splits into: a) A.CERVICALIS PROFUNDA (deep structures of the neck), b) A.INTERCOSTALIS SUPREMA (I-II intercostal space). variation: at the II part A.DORSALIS SCAPULAE sometimes also is present
topography of A. radialis (anterior)
SKIN, SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, FASCIA, M.BRACHIORADIALIS.
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (2. part, anterior)
SKIN, SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, FASCIA PECTORALIS, MM.PECTORALES MAJOR et MINOR
topography of A. ulnaris (anterior)
SKIN, SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, FASCIA, M.FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS. At the upper part it is crossed by N.MEDIANUS.
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (3. part, anterior)
SKIN, SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, M.PECTORALIS MAJOR, origin of the N.MEDIANUS (resembles "M")
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (1. part, anterior)
Skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia clavipectoralis, M. subclavius, V.cephalica
Topography of A. AXILLARIS (1. part, medial ward)
V. axillaris
Topography of A. brachialis (medial wards)
V.BASILICA, N.ULNARIS, N.CUTANEUS BRACHII et ANTEBRACHII MEDIALIS - At the lower third medialwards from a.brachialis there is also n.medianus.
Topography of A.subclavia (3. part, right and left, anterior)
V.JUGULARIS EXTERNA, V.SUBCLAVIA
Topography of A.subclavia (1. part right)
V.JUGULARIS INTERNA, V.VERTEBRALIS, N.VAGUS, TR.SYMPATICUS loop
A. profunda brachii splits into
a) A. COLLATERALIS RADIALIS b) A. COLLATERALIS MEDIA
A. AXILLARIS supplies
axillary fossa, shoulder joint and adjacent muscles, superior and lateral part of thoracic cage, • breast.
Second part of A. subclavia
behind M. SCALENUS ANTERIOR (interscalene groove - between anterior and middle scalene muscles)
A.COLLATERALIS ULNARIS INFERIOR
branches off at the lower third, runs anterior to the elbow joint. P.S. These branches supply the elbow joint region, cubital fossa.
A.COLLATERALIS ULNARIS SUPERIOR
branches off at the upper third, runs along with the n.ulnaris anterior to the septum intermusculare mediale, runs posterior to the elbow joint, passes behind the epicondylus medialis humeri
Topography of A. subclavia (3. part, right and left, inferior)
first rib
A. subclavia sinistra origin
from ARCUS AORTAE
A. subclavia dextra origin
from TRUNCUS BRACHIOCEPHALICUS
Third part of A. subclavia
from the lateral edge of M.SCALENUS ANTERIOR to the lateral edge of the FIRST RIB
3. part of A.AXILLARIS
from the outer border of M.PECTORALIS MINOR to the inferior margin of M.PECTORALIS MAJOR or to the M.LATISSIMUS DORSI TENDON
1. part of A. AXILLARIS
from the outer border of the FIRST RIB to the origin of M.PECTORALIS MINOR
A. subclavia pulse
palpated above the middle part of the clavicle
2. part of A. AXILLARIS
posterior to the area of M.PECTORALIS MINOR;
Topography of A.subclavia (3. part, right and left, on both sides)
same structures
Variation of A.dorsalis scapulae
sometimes (supplies scapula region), also known as A.DESCENDENS SCAPULAE, branches off here.
Anastomoses at the elbow joint region (A.COLLATERALIS MEDIA)
with A.INTEROSSEA RECURRENS (b)(from a.interossea posterior, which is a branch of a.interossea communis, which emerges from A.ULNARIS) - posterior to the joint.
Anastomoses at the elbow joint region (A.COLLATERALIS ULNARIS INFERIOR)
with A.RECURRENS ULNARIS ANTERIOR (d) (from A.ULNARIS) - anterior to the joint.
Anastomoses at the elbow joint region ( A. COLLATERALIS ULNARIS SUPERIOR )
with A.RECURRENS ULNARIS POSTERIOR (c) (from A.ULNARIS) - posterior to the joint.
Anastomoses of A. subclavia- A. dorsalis scapulae
with a.circumfexa scapulae (from a.axillaris).
A. AXILLARIS anastomosis with
• I, II and III parts of A.SUBCLAVIA. • A.BRACHIALIS.
