BMS 105 Exam 3

Which of the following statements about dietary minerals is true? a. typical cooking methods destroy up to 75% of a foods mineral content b. most cells can metabolize minerals for energy c. a persons daily needs for essential minerals often changes as he or she grows or enters a new life stage d. in their natural forms, most foods are poor sources of minerals

c. a persons daily needs for essential minerals often changes as he or she grows or enters a new life stage

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should reduce his intake of _____. a. coffee b. fiber c. alcohol d. artificial sweeteners

c. alcohol

A few months ago, Mary Ann was diagnosed with breast cancer. According to her physicians, Mary Ann's cancer has ______ to her bones and lungs. a. metastasized b. articulated c. integrated d. metabolized

a. metastasized

Last week, Leon started taking megadoses of a dietary supplement to reduce his blood lipid levels. Within a few days after he began taking the supplement, he noticed his face felt uncomfortably warm and his cheeks were red. Based on this information, Leon is taking _____. a. niacin b. folic acid c. vitamin B-6 d. riboflavin

a. niacin explanation: taking niacin supplements can cause a "niacin flush." Some doctors recommend supplements of niacin for its cholesterol-lowering benefits

In the human body, water is needed to _____. a. remove wastes b. dissolve fat-soluble vitamins c. monitor nerve cell function d. regulate energy production

a. remove wastes

Which of the following substances enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine? a. hydrochloric acid b. pancreatic amylase c. bile d. pepsin

c. bile

To reduce your risk of cancer, you should ______. a. cook meat, fish, and poultry products very thoroughly b. focus on eating more protein and restricting your carbohydrate intake c. include a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods in your diet d. eliminate all forms of fat and sugar from your diet

c. include a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods in your diet explanation: fruits and vegetables contain phytochemicals, which can naturally decrease cancer risk

_______ are fat-soluble vitamins. a. vitamins K, E, and D b. pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline c. niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin d. vitamins B-12, B-6, and E

a. vitamins K, E, and D

Yellow, dark green, red, and orange fruits and vegetables are rich in sources of ______. a. collagen b. vitamin D c. free radicals d. beta-carotene

d. beta-carotene

A 6 year old child lacks energy, has pale skin, and often complains that his "head hurts." He's also having difficulty understanding his teacher. Based on this information, the child probably has ______ deficiency. a. sodium b. magnesium c. chromium d. iron

d. iron explanation: iron deficiency is one of the most common forms of malnutrition worldwide, and is very prevalent in among young children and women of childbearing age. Iron deficiency is likely to occur during periods of growth, pregnancy, and with blood loss.

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ______. a. headaches b. hair loss c. swollen tongue d. night blindness

d. night blindness

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals? a. iron, fluoride, and selenium b. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc c. sodium, potassium, and copper d. potassium, magnesium, and sodium

d. potassium, magnesium, and sodium

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. a. stomach b. large intestine c. pancreas d. small intestine

d. small intestine

Which of the following foods is a good source of calcium? a. white bread b. cheddar cheese c. ground turkey d. green grapes

b. cheddar cheese

Most B vitamins function as part of _____. a. enzymes b. coenzymes c. sources of energy d. antioxidants

b. coenzymes explanation: most water-soluble vitamins function as coenzymes that interact with enzymes, enabling them to function

The ____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. a. tonsils b. kidneys c. parathyroid glands d. salivary glands

b. kidneys

Which of the following statements is true? a. In the United States, a BAC of 0.12% is the legal limit for intoxication for adult drivers b. signs of alcohol poisoning include a slowed and irregular heartbeat c. alcohol is stored in body fat d. the pancreas is the primary site for alcohol metabolism

b. signs of alcohol poisoning include a slowed and irregular heartbeat

Desi had a history of chronic heartburn. To control the disorder, he now takes two medications that reduce his stomachs ability to form acid. As a result of taking these medications, he doesn't have heartburn, but he has a high risk of developing a deficiency of _______. a. choline b. vitamin B-12 c. biotin d. vitamin D

b. vitamin B-12 explanation: vitamin B-12 is bound to protein in foods. Stomach acid helps release the vitamin form the protein, so it can be picked up by intrinsic factor and carried to the small intestine for absorption.

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young women is approximately _____ cups/day. a. 18.0 b. 25.5 c. 11.0 d. 15.5

c. 11.0

How does a major mineral differ from a trace mineral? a. Major minerals are required in amounts of 100 mg or more per day, while trace minerals are required in amounts of 100 mg or less per day b. major minerals are essential, while trace minerals can be made by the body c. major minerals can be supplied by many foods, while trace minerals are found in a limited amount of food sources d. major minerals have an important role in the body, while trace minerals have limited functions

a. Major minerals are required in amounts of 100 mg or more per day, while trace minerals are required in amounts of 100 mg or less per day explanation: trace minerals have many different important or critical roles in the body, although they are needed in smaller quantities than major minerals

Beta-carotene is a fat soluble provitamin found primarily in orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables. How can you enhance your body's absorption of beta-carotene when preparing low-fat foods that are rich sources of the provitamin? a. combine raw greens with salad dressing that contains vegetable oil b. include a source of Vitamin C with the foods c. add a little salt to the food before cooking it d. store fruit and vegetables in plastic bags at room temperature

a. combine raw greens with salad dressing that contains vegetable oil

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? a. guava b. whole egg c. roasted chicken d. tuna

a. guava

Quinn has a tumor in one of his parathyroid glands that's causing the gland to secrete to much parathyroid hormone. Based on this information, which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect him to be experiencing? a. high blood levels of calcium b. low blood glucose levels c. bones with higher than normal sodium stores d. bones with higher than normal mineral density

a. high blood levels of calcium

To effectively increase iron levels in the body, a person should focus on eating more ______. a. grains b. spinach c. meat d. dairy products

c. meat explanation: while green vegetables, cereals, and grains contain iron, it is the type that is not easily absorbed by the body. Green vegetables also contain phyates, which can hinder iron absorption. Meat, poultry, and fish contain heme iron, the most easily absorbable type. Vitamin C can enhance the absorption of iron from non-meat sources. Dairy products do not contain any iron.

Vitamin D helps the body absorb _____. a. magnesium and iodine b. sodium and potassium c. phosphorus and calcium d. iron and copper

c. phosphorus and calcium

The human body needs vitamin K to ______. a. release the energy stored in glucose b. make DNA c. produce blood clotting factors d. absorb phosphorus from foods

c. produce blood clotting factors

Which of the following foods are a rich source of vitamin E? a. processed and red meats b. ground turkey and other turkey products c. sunflower seeds d. fat-free dairy products

c. sunflower seeds