BONESSS

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called

lacunae

Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue.

osseous

The formation and development of bone is ______.

ossification

Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.

red blood cells

Which statements correctly describe compact bone?

- it is solid and relatively dense - it forms the external walls of a long bone

Which statements characterize canaliculi?

-Nutrients pass through them -they extend from lacunae to lacunae -they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions

Which statements characterize osteoclasts?

-they are phagocytic -they secrete hydrochloric acid -they reabsorb bone matrix -they have ruffled borders

Compact bone makes up ______ of bone mass

80%

The end of a long bone is covered with ______.

articular cartilage

Most of the body's reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone.

calcium

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.

central canal

Rings of bone directly internal to the periosteum of a bone are called ______ external lamellae.

circumferential

What are rings of bone directly internal to the periosteum of a bone called?

circumferential lamellae

Which is an organic component of bone?

collagen fibers

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

concentric lamellae

Bone is a type of ______ tissue.

connective

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its

diaphysis

How does cartilage receive its nutrients?

diffusion through the matrix

Bone remodeling begins during ______.

embryologic development

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through _____ ossification.

endochondral

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______.

endosteum

A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the ______.

epiphyseal line

Lengthwise bone growth is complete when ______.

epiphyseal lines form

Achondroplastic dwarfism is caused by the failure of cell division in the ______.

epiphyseal plate

The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.

epiphysis

The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the _____ substance.

ground

The rib cage protects ______.

heart and lungs

Donor bone marrow is most commonly harvested from the ______.

iliac crest

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.

internal

The flat bones of the skull are formed through ______ ossification.

intramembranous

Based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as ______.

irregular bones

Which is a function of cartilage?

it attaches the ribs to the sternum

Which statements describe an osteon?

it contains a central canal, it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone, it is also called a haversian system, it is microscopic

Mature cartilage ______ blood supply.

lacks

Based on shape, the most common type of bone is the ______ bone.

long

One bone is supplied by ______.

many blood vessels

Choose the bones produced through intramembranous ossification.

maxilla mandible flat bones of the skull

Functions of bone include ______.

mineral storage support protection blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)

Another name for the calcification of bone is

mineralization

Tendons connect ______ to bone.

muscle

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone?

organic component

Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength?

organic components

The process of bone formation is called

ossification

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

osteoclasts

Mature bone cells sitting in lacunae are called ______.

osteocytes

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______.

periosteum

The mineral called_______ stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids.

phosphate

Osteoblasts function to ______.

produce osteoid

The organic components of bone provide ______.

resistance to stretching

The wrist bones are examples of ______ bones.

short

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called _______ bone.

spongy

The second most common site to harvest bone marrow is the ______.

sternum

Long bones include ______.

the bones of the fingers the thigh bone the bones of the palm the bones of the toes

Which are examples of flat bones?

the breastbone (sternum) bones of the roof of the skull shoulder blade bones

Which statements characterize perforating canals of bone?

they contains blood vessels and nerves they connect multiple central canals they run perpendicular to central canals

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

they reside in lacunae they maintain bone matrix

True or false: Bone growth begins during embryologic development.

true

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.

upper limb bones vertebrae lower limb bones

Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______.

Bones

True or False: Bone has a poor supply of blood vessels

False

True or false: Mature cartilage is well vascularized.

False

A central canal of an osteon is also called a ______ canal.

Haversian

Which statements characterize periosteum?

It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones.

Which statements describe the matrix of bone?

It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage.

Which characterizes the process of bone resorption?

Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix. Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone.

True or false: By age 25, most epiphyseal plates have ossified and lengthwise bone growth has stopped.

True

Covering the end of an epiphysis of a long bone is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called _______ cartilage.

articular

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

articular cartilage

Bone formation requires ______.

calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______.

canaliculi

The cells that produce most of the matrix of cartilage are called ______.

chondroblasts

Chondrocytes are ______.

chondroblasts that have become encased with matrix

Flat bones have surfaces composed of ______ bone with internally placed ______ bone.

compact; spongy

Ligaments and tendons are made of ______ connective tissue.

dense regular

What is the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone called?

diaphysis

The ______ epiphysis is the end of a long bone that is farthest from the trunk of the body.

distal

The type of cartilage that forms intervertebral discs is ______.

fibrocartilage

Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification?

flat bones of the skull

Bones provide structural support for the body by serving as a(n) _______ for the entire body.

frame

The process of blood cell production is called

hematopoiesis

What is the process of blood cell production called?

hemopoiesis

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone?

hip bones

The epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of ______.

hyaline cartilage

The type of cartilage that attaches the ribs to the sternum and is the cartilage of growth plates is ______.

hyaline cartilage

When osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, bone mass ______

increases

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?

it contains no osteons it contains parallel lamellae

Which statements characterize articular cartilage?

it functions to reduce friction in joints it is composed of hyaline cartilage it covers an epiphysis

Which statements characterize articular cartilage?

it is composed of hyaline cartilage it functions to reduce friction in joints it covers an epiphysis

Which statements characterize endosteum?

it lines medullary cavities it contains osteoblasts it is active during bone repair

Which statements characterize the functions of cartilage?

it provides a model for the formation of bones it covers the ends of long bones

Which bones are greater in length than width?

long bones

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the

medullary cavity

Which blood vessel supplies the diaphysis of a long bone?

nutrient artery

Bone resorption is a function of ______.

osteoclasts

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.

osteocytes

The diaphysis of a bone is the ______ of a bone.

shaft

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?

their numbers vary among osteons they contain collagen fibers they are rings of bone tissue

Which is an example of an irregular bone?

vertebrae

In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.

yellow

Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of _____ bone marrow into _____ bone marrow.

yellow red