Botany 201 Chapter 1

What is the scientific name of titan arum? a. Amorphophallus titanum b. Piper methysticum c. Ricinis communis d. Erythroxylum coca

a. Amorphophallus titanum

What would be a possible evolutionary advantage for the dodder plant to be parasitic? a. Energy that would be expended in photosynthesis is put toward growth and reproduction. b. Dodder cells are dispersed along with the host's seeds. c. Nutrition derived from the host plant allows dodder to store more starch in its roots. d. Dodder uses host pollen for its own reproduction

a. Energy that would be expended in photosynthesis is put toward growth and reproduction.

What is one of the dangers in planting large areas with a monoculture of a particular crop? a. Large areas of the crop will be wiped out if the variety used is susceptible to a disease or condition which occurs during the growing season. b. Monocultures are more susceptible to disease because they are genetically identical. c. The occurrence of certain insects may increase, but overall insect pests will decrease. d. There is increased danger of outcrossing to wild relatives from a monoculture.

a. Large areas of the crop will be wiped out if the variety used is susceptible to a disease or condition which occurs during the growing season.

Which of the following have lycophylls? a. Lycophytes b. Bryophytes c. Pteridophytes d. Gymnosperms

a. Lycophytes

Certain species of orchids have flowers which closely resemble female wasps. These flowers are pollinated by male wasps attempting to copulate with the flowers. Is this an example of coevolution? a. Yes; the wasp has influenced the evolution of the orchid. b. Yes; the flower and the wasp have begun to resemble one another. c. No; the evolution of the wasp was not influenced by the orchid. d. No; the wasp doesn't benefit from the interaction.

a. Yes; the wasp has influenced the evolution of the orchid.

Viruses are not considered living because they ________. a. are not made of cells b. lack cell nuclei. c. do not contain DNA or RNA d. cannot reproduce.

a. are not made of cells

Bacteria and fungi are considered beneficial organisms because of their role in: a. decomposition. b. energy storage. c. global CO2 regulation. d. erosion control.

a. decomposition.

Scientific names are more precise than common names because: a. every species has a unique name that don't vary from place to place. b. they vary from place to place. c. they are derived from Chinese language d. they are made up of two components.

a. every species has a unique name that don't vary from place to place.

A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a ________. a. hypothesis b. variable c. theory d. control

a. hypothesis

A person notices that her houseplants that are regularly exposed to music seem to grow more quickly than those in rooms with no music. As a result, she determines that plants grow better when exposed to music. This example most closely resembles which type of reasoning? a. inductive reasoning b. deductive reasoning c. neither, because no hypothesis was made. d. both inductive and deductive reasoning

a. inductive reasoning

You are a scientist, who has spent many years observing flowers which are pollinated by birds. You have noticed that the flowers you have observed are red and have strong stems. You hypothesize that bird-pollinated flowers tend to be red to attract birds, and have strong stems to withstand bird activity. What type of reasoning have you used? a. inductive, because you have formulated your hypothesis based on your observations. b. inductive, because you used a hypothesis to select further research. c. deductive, because you have formulated your hypothesis based on your observations. d. deductive, because you used a hypothesis to select further research.

a. inductive, because you have formulated your hypothesis based on your observations.

Botany is the scientific study of________, in other words study of plants is also a science. Science is not concerned, one way or the other, with things that _________be observed or tested. a. plants; cannot b. plants; can c. herbs; may d. fungi; may not

a. plants; cannot

Chocolate plantations can be structured either as a monoculture of Theobroma trees in the open, or in the shade under a polyculture of taller tree crops like coconut and persimmon. Which gives better long-term yield, and why? a. polyculture - Theobroma grows best in the shade. b. polyculture - Other tree crops attract more bats. c. monoculture - Insect pests are less of a problem in sunny conditions. d. Both conditions give equal yield.

a. polyculture - Theobroma grows best in the shade.

Which of the following are non-vascular? a. Lycophytes b. Bryophytes c. Pteridophytes d. Gymnosperms

b. Bryophytes

Which of the following statements is false? a. Tissues exist within organs which exist within organ systems. b. Communities exist within populations which exist within ecosystems. c. Organelles exist within cells which exist within tissues. d. Communities exist within ecosystems which exist in the biosphere.

b. Communities exist within populations which exist within ecosystems.

Dodder is parasitic on other plants. How could you change the relationship so both plants benefit? a. Dodder and host share a seed dispersal agent. b. Dodder photosynthesizes enough to support itself completely. c. Dodder enhances mineral uptake of the host. d. Host obtains nutrients from dodder.

b. Dodder photosynthesizes enough to support itself completely.

True or false: Coevolution is a phenomenon by which two species develop to resemble each other. a. True b. False

b. False

Why are plants sometimes referred to as embryophytes? a. They have a prolonged embryonic stage. b. They produce a multicellular embryo. c. Their seeds contain unicellular embryos. d. They produce an independently living embryo.

b. They produce a multicellular embryo.

You are writing a paper on how indigenous peoples of Uruguay use the latex from several native plants. For additional information, you should consult the university directory for the phone number of: a. a horticulturalist. b. an ethnobotanist. c. an economic botanist. d. a pomologist.

b. an ethnobotanist.

Which of the following are not characteristics of plants? a. are composed of many cells b. are mostly aquatic c. contain cellulose in their cell walls d. are photosynthetic

b. are mostly aquatic

The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of ________. a. prokaryotic cells b. eukaryotic cells c. living organisms d. bacteria

b. eukaryotic cells

Scientific names are composed of 2 parts: a. Greek name and Latin name. b. generic name and species name. c. biological name and organismal name. d. descriptive name and cultivar name.

b. generic name and species name.

The first forms of life on Earth were ________. a. plants b. microorganisms c. birds d. dinosaurs

b. microorganisms

The algae-Hydra association discussed in the text is a symbiotic relationship. What type of symbiosis do these 2 organisms exhibit? a. parasitism; the Hydra saps the energy from the algae, eventually killing them. b. mutualism; the algae get carbon dioxide and the Hydra gets food. c. commensalism; the algae get food, but the Hydradoesn't benefit. d. commensalism; the Hydra siphons minerals from the algae, but the algae don't benefit.

b. mutualism; the algae get carbon dioxide and the Hydra gets food.

Which group of words best completes the following statement? Lichens are organisms formed by a ___ relationship between ___ and ___ a. parasitic, an alga, a fern b. symbiotic, an alga, a fungus c. symbiotic, a moss, a fern d. mutualistic, a fungus, a plant

b. symbiotic, an alga, a fungus

A broad explanation based on a significant number of observations and measurements is a _______________. Cell Theory states that all life forms on Earth are composed of cells that arise from the division of the pre-existing __________. a. hypothesis; cells b. theory; cells c. guess; tissue d. theory; body

b. theory; cells

When designing an experiment, it's important to include controls because: a. they add another variable to your experiment. b. they provide a basis for comparison. c. because NSF requires it. d. both A and B

b. they provide a basis for comparison.

Pat is designing an experiment to test the effect of salt concentration on the growth of roadside grasses. Which is a useful hypothesis for Pat to make? a. Grasses evolved in a high salt environment. b. Increased traffic flow will affect grass growth. c. Higher salt concentration will result in reduced grass growth. d. What will happen if salt is applied to grass?

c. Higher salt concentration will result in reduced grass growth.

2. Wolffia is a tiny green organism that lives its whole life floating on the surface of freshwater. Since most plants are terrestrial, why is Wolffia classified as a plant? a. It's photosynthetic. b. It reproduces by spores. c. It has terrestrial ancestors. d. It's multicellular.

c. It has terrestrial ancestors.

Which of the following are seedless vascular plants? a. Bryophytes and Lycophytes b. Mosses, Hornworts and Liverworts c. Lycophytes and Pteridophytes d. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

c. Lycophytes and Pteridophytes

Wild cereals shatter, or easily drop their fruits, while their domesticated relatives are all non-shattering, meaning that the grains remain on the plant after they are ripe. Could this be due to domestication? a. No, this is not a genetically controlled trait. b. No because this trait is undesirable to humans. c. Yes, early peoples could have inadvertently selected for this trait because it waseasier to harvest grain which remained on the plant. d. You don't have enough information.

c. Yes, early peoples could have inadvertently selected for this trait because it waseasier to harvest grain which remained on the plant.

Pathogens are organisms that: a. transfer pollen between flowers. b. help plants take up nutrients. c. cause disease. d. compete with plants for soil minerals.

c. cause disease.

The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of "living" is the ________. a. organ b. organelle c. cell d. macromolecule

c. cell

The process of artificial selection: a. was invented by Charles Darwin. b. is the way farmers rotate crops. c. involves human choice of desirable plant traits. d. often results in smaller, more stable plants.

c. involves human choice of desirable plant traits.

The process of ________ helps to ensure that a scientist's research is original, significant, logical, and thorough. a. publication b. public speaking c. peer review d. the scientific method

c. peer review

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area is called a(n) ________. a. family b. community c. population d. ecosystem

c. population

Which activity of plants has an effect on the incidence of skin cancer in humans? a. release of water vapor from leaves b. production of carbon dioxide during respiration c. production of oxygen during photosynthesis d. production of toxic compounds during flowering

c. production of oxygen during photosynthesis

One reason bryophytes are typically small is because they lack lignin. What is the importance of lignin? a. plays a role in photosynthesis b. acts as an anti-herbivory compound c. provides strength and support d. increases water uptake from the soil

c. provides strength and support

What can be done to help reduce the threat of global warming? a. adopt slash and burn agriculture b. spray moderately to reduce insect pests c. reduce fossil fuel consumption d. breed heat resistant plants

c. reduce fossil fuel consumption

You are a scientist working for the USDA, studying effects of herbicide on the parasite dodder. You spray the plants with the herbicide, and most of them die, but some of them live and turn green. Before you publish your results, what should you do? a. discard the green plants b. consult a patent lawyer c. replicate your experiment d. nothing; the experiment is complete

c. replicate your experiment

What group of organisms is used by humans in baking, brewing, and pharmaceuticals? a. plants b. protists c. fungi d. A and C

d. A and C

Which of the following are NOT plants? a. Bryophytes and Lycophytes b. Lycophytes and Pteridophytes c. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms d. Algae, Fungi and Bacteria

d. Algae, Fungi and Bacteria

Why is global warming an issue of concern? a. Increased glacial melting b. Violent storms may occur c. Increased crop losses d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following are flowering plants? a. Lycophytes b. Pteridophytes c. Gymnosperm d. Angiosperms

d. Angiosperms

Which of the following produce flowers and fruits? a. Lycophytes b. Pteridophytes c. Gymnosperm d. Angiosperms

d. Angiosperms

Comparison of _______sequences from many different organisms gives clues to theirdegree of relatedness and allows the construction of a "tree of life" showing these relationships. A hypothesis of past relationships of organisms is also called a ______. a. tree; hunch b. character; theory c. plant; tree of life d. DNA; phylogeny

d. DNA; phylogeny

Which of the following are seeded vascular plants? a. Bryophytes and Lycophytes b. Mosses, Hornworts and Liverworts c. Lycophytes and Pteridophytes d. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

d. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Why is dodder such a destructive parasite on crops? a. Its orange pigment absorbs light needed by the host plant for photosynthesis. b. It invades and destroys the host's flowers. c. It makes the host more visible to insects. d. It quickly spreads through fields, reducing yield.

d. It quickly spreads through fields, reducing yield.

Many Western nations use monocultures of crops in farming, but polycultures of crops are more common in tropical areas. Is polyculture more successful in the tropics? a. No, this is the reason that tropical countries often experience famine. b. No, because it mimics natural plantings, which encourage foraging by wild animals. c. Yes, and it is also better in northern areas as well. d. Yes, because interplanting different types of crops helps slow the spread of disease through an area.

d. Yes, because interplanting different types of crops helps slow the spread of disease through an area.

A vegetarian dish that has the full complement of amino acids is: a. baked beans. b. pasta salad with balsamic vinaigrette. c. rice and corn pilaf with saffron. d. a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

d. a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

Besides their importance as food, plants are also used by humans for: a. aesthetics b. lumber c. pharmaceuticals d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Evolution is the process by which: a. organisms may diversify through time. b. organisms may or may not adapt to their surroundings. c. an organism's DNA is changed. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Science is said to be self-correcting. Why? a. The process of peer review encourages skepticism and critique. b. Related statements with a low probability of being wrong have been accumulated over time. c. Results must be reproducible by independent researchers. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved most recently? a. at the base b. within the branches c. at the nodes d. at the branch tips

d. at the branch tips

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most inclusive to the least complex level? a. organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population 14 b. organ, organism, tissue, organelle, molecule c. organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ d. biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

d. biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

You are an ethnobotanist studying medicinal plants used by a remote tribe in Brazil. In this situation, would it be better to use scientific or common plant names to communicate with the tribe's healer? a. scientific, so the healer sees you as an equal b. scientific, because they are more precise c. common, because they are unique to each plant d. common, because they have local and cultural significance

d. common, because they have local and cultural significance

Which of the following sciences is not considered a natural science? a. biology b. astronomy c. physics d. computer science

d. computer science

The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called ________. a. deductive reasoning b. the scientific method c. hypothesis-based science d. inductive reasoning

d. inductive reasoning

Which of the following is a characteristic of the algae? a. tend to live in dry habitats b. mostly parasitic c. always multicellular d. usually photosynthesize

d. usually photosynthesize

Greenhouse gases have been linked to global warming. What are some common greenhouse gases? a. methane, carbon dioxide, and ozone b. water vapor, hydrogen, and helium c. carbon monoxide, oxygen, and hydrogen d. water vapor, methane, and carbon dioxide

d. water vapor, methane, and carbon dioxide