Bowler's Exam 1 Quizzes

A person who grew up in American culture has likely developed a redemptive narrative. Which of the examples best represents this concept?

Alison sees herself as a girl who had to endure great hardship growing up with divorced parents but has overcome this obstacle and is now happily married.

Philosopher __________ described the self as a reflexive project that one is continually working to manage, discipline, refine, improve, or develop.

Charles Taylor

Ethan is 6 years old, but is already developing moral judgment and the ability to have strategic social interactions. What is the foundation for these skills?

appreciating the working of other peoples minds

Shawna comes home from school absolutely furious. She complains to her sister Loretta about an awful exam she took. Loretta finds herself feeling very angry as well. This is an example of

automatic empathy

Which heuristic would you likely use if you were asked, "are there more words in the English language that start with the letter "k" or that have "k" as the third letter in the word?"

availability heuristic

The ________ heuristic is one in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is evaluated based on how easily examples come to mind.

avaliability

Contemporary research on the self as an autobiographical author has found a strong effect of __________ on one's narrative identity.

culture

When a person unwittingly mimics another person's expressions and feels the other person's emotions they are engaged in automatic ________.

empathy

Sasha is taking her family to Disney World. She predicts that she will feel immense happiness seeing her young daughter, Emerald, meet all the princesses at the theme park. However, when her daughter Emerald meets the first princess, Sasha does not feel as happy as she thought she would. Sasha's experience is an example of what concept?

impact bias

Terrell goes to see his Philosophy professor to get clarification on a writing assignment. While seated in her office, Terrell leans forward when his teacher leans forward. When she crosses her arms and Terrell does the same thing. If he is unaware that he is copying her in this manner, Terrell is engaged in _________.

mimicry

When a person copies another's behaviors without realizing that they are doing so, they are engaged in _______.

mimicry

Research has repeatedly supported the notion that adult personality exists as a combination of the "big five" personality traits. Which of the following is NOT a big five personality trait?

psychoticism

A __________ narrative is a life story that affirms one's transformation from suffering to an elevated status or state.

redemptive

Lilly is having a conversation with her grandmother about her school, friends, and various activities and interests. Lilly also says, "Grandma, I think that I'm a good person. I like making other people feel happy!" Lilly's feeling that she is worthy and good reflects her _________.

self-esteem

When Lev is out to lunch at a restaurant he sees a woman with very short hair, facial piercings, and several tattoos. He thinks to himself, "She must be into motorcycles." Lev has engaged in the process of __________.

social categorization

The field of ________ emphasizes methods that focus on the brain to understand how we think and act toward other people.

social neuroscience

The fanciest restaurant in town-The Upper Crust-has a "no children" policy. When Jeanette and Bryon complain they are informed by the manager that children are "loud, dirty, and difficult to control." These descriptions are examples of a(n) ________.

stereotype

Paris has just found out that her company is downsizing their staff and that she is highly likely to lose her job at any moment. Her heartbeat is increasing, she feels warm, and she has to take several deep breaths to try to calm down. The part of her body that is currently 'speeding her up' is called the ________ nervous system.

sympathetic

People are usually motivated in some way when making social judgments and decisions. What often occurs as a result of having directional goals?

People may be skeptical about evidence that goes against their directional goal.

Which of the following is NOT a difficulty in studying social categorization?

People must be in negative moods in order to engage in social categorization.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about affective forecasting?

People tend to be accurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative feelings but inaccurate regarding the strength or duration of these emotions.

Research finds that our brain activity changes in as little as ________ after seeing the faces of people from different groups. This supports the suggestion that social categorization is a truly automatic process.

200 milliseconds

Dyanna is starting to develop more a purposeful and goal-directed approach to set the stage for her motivated self to grow. What age range is Dyanna likely in?

5 to 7 years old

When Surita sees a man walking around the shopping mall in December and notices that he is very robust, has a long white beard, and wears thin rimmed eyeglasses, she immediately assumes that he is a Santa Claus actor taking a break; she is engaging in a(n) _________ process.

Automatic

Emotional intelligence involves being accurately aware of one's own feelings and emotional states, as well as those of other people. Why would it be accurate to say that mentalizing is an important part of emotional intelligence?

Because mentalizing allows a person to interpret the intentions, beliefs, and emotional states of others.

Which of the following is an example of the planning fallacy?

Gerard believes he can complete a term paper within a one-week time frame. He is surprised when he cannot complete the project as quickly as he anticipated

Ezra is currently experiencing a high level of activity in the superior temporal sulcus, or STS, of his brain. Which of the following is happening to Ezra at the moment?

He is thinking about physical motion

What does it mean when psychologists say that the "I" is perceiving the "me"?

The self as a knower is able to reflect on the self as a known object or target

When being considered for a job opening, people being interviewed often mirror the interviewer's behavior. This can be explained by what concept?

chameleon effect

The need for ________ refers to the desire to come to a decision that will resolve and conclude an issue.

closure

Randy has joined a new social club on campus. Is it likely that Randy will:

form the impressions he makes of these club members after only one meeting

Which type of brain imaging technique measures changes in the oxygenation of blood flowing in the brain?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Development of a mature identity involves an internalized and evolving story of the self that reconstructs the past and anticipates the future in such a way as to provide a person's life with some degree of unity, meaning, and purpose over time. This is also known as ___________.

narrative identity

Clara is extremely hungry after having a 3 hour meeting. She wants food as quickly as possible but is unsure of where to eat. Because of her motivation to eat, she makes a quick decision to eat at the coffee shop a few buildings away. Her motivation to make a quick decision is an example of what concept?

need for closure

When two people simultaneously mimic each other's actions, they have reached a state called ________.

synchrony

Which of the following is a brain mechanism that is activated both when a person observes the actions of another and when they imitate that action?

the firing of mirror neurons

Ben is an expert marksman. He fires a shot and hits just outside the bulls-eye. Most people would describe Ben's action as intentional because he has ___________.

the skill to perform the action

Johnny and his family are watching TV. One of Johnny's favorite shows comes on so he gets up and sits in front of the TV to be closer to the screen, not realizing he is blocking the screen for the rest of his family. From this example, what is Johnny most likely still developing?

theory of mind

When people have conversations online, there are often misunderstandings about how statements are intended. This is because it is difficult to know whether some comments are serious or made as jokes. In the same way, understanding another person's intentions in various situations requires an understanding of _________.

theory of mind

Although human beings have mirror neurons that regularly fire when we observe others' behaviors, we do not imitate all of those actions. When does mirroring and imitation primarily occur in humans?

when the actions are relevant to the perceivers current state or aim