BPOC 2017 Multiculturalism

The Functions of prejudice

-Ethnocentrism -Stereotype and Categorical Treatment -Scapegoat -Projection -Authoritarian personality -Societal Strain

Functions of Discrimination

-Tends to reinforce prejudice concerning the group's alleged inferiority -Discrimination by any group limits the other groups' effectiveness in business, education, political office, etc. -Affords an avenue to economic exploitation of the group being discriminated against

Culture

a way of thinking and acting based on tradition; i.e., learned behavior passed down from one generation to another.

Attitude

is a mental position based on a person's knowledge, feelings, and experiences about someone or something influencing him/her to behave in a certain way regarding that person or thing. Attitudes change as a result of life experiences. Attitudes and life experience may exist in a correlative relationship. Hence, a particular life experience may lead to a change in a particular attitude.

Prejudice

is an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of or examination of the facts; i.e., bias.

Cross-cultural communication

is defined as a field of study that focuses on how people of differing cultures communicate with each other. In a multicultured society, such as the U.S., many scholars believe it is imperative that law enforcement officials have some understanding of these communication principles in order to facilitate dialogue and reduce conflict.

Ethnocentrism

is the act of regarding one's culture as the "center of the universe," and hence as the basis for all comparisons with other cultures.

Discrimination by any group _____ the other groups' effectiveness in business, education, political office, etc.

limits

Ethnicity

refers to shared culture and background. Members of an ethnic group usually have common ancestry and generally share language, religion, and other cultural patterns.

The ____ to be free implies the right to be different.

right

Concepts about human relations from the social scientists

-Every individual is entitled to equal rights and dignities. They are entitled to them by virtue of being human. -The right to be free implies the right to be different -We should try to understand people different from us -All people share certain common needs: o Social needs o Health o Employment o Shelter o Food o Positive self-image -Bill of Rights for Americans and individuals residing in U.S. -We tend to categorize people and make judgments about them rather than evaluate them based on their individual character. This can lead to stereotyping. -Democracy cannot work for some unless it works for all

Four Basic Feelings Or Attitudes Harbored By Most Prejudiced Persons

-Feeling of superiority -Others are strange and different -Proprietary claims -Fear

Adverse consequences of insensitivity

-Hurt feelings -Anger -Loss of personal and professional respect -Ineffective performances -Behavior

The peace officer has an especially sensitive position regarding impartial enforcement for several reasons

-Officers often work alone and makes decisions demanding impartiality on their part with no one (but the citizen) present to witness fairness. -The temptations provided by citizens for them to be partial can be overwhelming. The acceptance of them can go virtually undetected by a higher authority. -Deviations from fair and equal treatment can often be easily excused as being necessary for maintenance of order, crime prevention, and public relations. • The impression held by most people of the impartiality of the law and the fairness of criminal justice may well come from the treatment they have received in their contacts with peace officers.

Forms and targets of prejudice

-Racial -Ethnic -Gender -National origin -Political affiliation -Authority figures (e.g., police, government, teachers, parents) -Sexual orientation -Differently abled -Religious -Age -Economic/occupational -Weight -Physically challenged -Individual personal preferences (e.g., family feuds; antagonism between work departments like Vice and Patrol)

We assume that impartial enforcement of the law

-Requires that no person be treated unfairly, unjustly, or with bias or prejudice. It also requires that no person be given more favorable treatment by the law by being given better service, more considerate treatment, or more lenient punishment than any other person would receive for the same reason. The critical guideline is not favoring one more than another in the same situation. -Includes the more general ideas of impartial administration of justice and impartial treatment of offenders by the criminal justice system as a whole. It is by no means limited to the peace officer telling the public, "Don't do that - it's against the law," or "You must do this - the law requires it." -Refers to both the interaction of the law and the citizen and the interaction of citizens when law enforcement becomes involved. The law must be impartial whether the law is confronting a citizen or standing between two citizens who are confronting each other. -Is an ideal condition toward which the law, the criminal justice system, and its personnel strive. Like democracy, it may never be achieved in an imperfect world. But it is the direction in which we must move. No other course of action or substitute ideal will serve the long-range needs of a democracy.

Positive consequences of sensitivity

-Respect of community -Respect from fellow professionals -Support for democratic principles -Self-respect

To apply these principles of impartiality, the peace officer should

-Take necessary enforcement action, basing its intensity on the nature of the situation and the severity of the offense. -Participate in the processes of justice such as charging and testifying, in ways that do not favor one individual or one group over any others on the basis of factors not related to the crime. -Communicate by word and action to the public and to other criminal justice personnel, whenever appropriate, that all personnel of criminal justice agencies are equally subject to the law and will not be given preferential treatment if they become subject to criminal justice procedures.

Which is one of the four basic feelings or attitudes harbored by most prejudiced persons?

Fear - fear is basic to prejudice. It excites the emotions to the point of overshadowing rational judgment. We believe that someone is trying to intrude and threaten the things that belong to us.

Which is one of the four basic feelings or attitudes harbored by most prejudiced persons?

Feeling of superiority - self-assured feeling on the part of certain individuals that they are superior or better than others, which is frequently expressed in inappropriate jokes and disparaging remarks directed to those regarded as inferiors (e.g., suggesting that they are lazy, overly aggressive, stupid, tricky, deceitful, clannish, pushy, etc.)

Which is one of the four basic feelings or attitudes harbored by most prejudiced persons?

Others are strange and different - feeling that the other group is alien or different which promotes the social exclusion of members of a particular group and blocks any acceptance of a person on individual merit. These feelings foster aversion, dislike, or even open hostility against persons of a different group.

Who is prejudiced?

Prejudice is a universal ill. All of us have some kind of prejudice. As we learn about other cultures and people who are different from us, we learn to judge them relative to the norms of our own cultural group. The key is to be aware of the prejudices, to work at reducing their impact in our lives, and to keep our prejudices out of our job performance.

Which is one of the four basic feelings or attitudes harbored by most prejudiced persons?

Proprietary claims - as a member of the group, the individual believes he is entitled to exclusive or prior rights in a certain area.

Concepts about human relations from social scientists

We tend to categorize people and make judgments about them rather than evaluate them based on their individual character. This can lead to stereotyping.

Discrimination

acting on the basis of prejudice.

Race

generally refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics. Since no "pure" races exist, some prefer to avoid reference to race and instead discuss group differences under the heading of ethnicity. However, the existence of this concept is in dispute.

The delicate balance which the law provides and protects between those who govern and those who are governed must be preserved if _____ is to survive.

democracy

The right to be free implies the right to be _____.

different