Brain and Behavior Ch 1

18. Which scientific work did Cajal apply to his study of infant brains?

a. Charles Sherrington's study of reflexes

38. A presynaptic terminal is also known as ____.

a. an end bulb

36. Nodes of Ranvier are ____.

a. gaps in the myelin of axons

33. Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that _____.

a. increase the surface area available for synapses

28. The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.

a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins

16. The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.

a. neurons and glia

39. An axon has many branches, each of which swells at its tip. These are known as ____.

a. presynaptic terminals

31. The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialized junctions through which the dendrite receives information from other neurons. What are these junctions called?

a. synaptic receptors

25. Small, charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____.

d. protein channels

29. Dendrites ____.

b. are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends

30. The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called _____.

b. dendrites

32. The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called _____.

b. dendrites

19. The cell membrane is composed of two layers of _____.

b. fat

40. Chemicals are released by axons ____.

b. into the junction between neurons

21. What do neurons have that other cells do not?

b. large, branching extensions

35. The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____.

b. myelin sheath

17. Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that ____.

b. neurons are separate from one another

37. Gaps in the insulating material that surrounds axons are known as ____.

b. nodes of Ranvier

24. The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____.

b. nucleus

20. Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.

b. shape

26. Protein channels allow ____ molecules to cross the cell membrane.

b. small charged

34. As compared to dendrites, axons usually ____.

c. are covered with myelin

23. Water, oxygen, and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane.

d. carbon dioxide

27. Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.

d. synthesizes new proteins

22. What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another?

d. the membrane