Bryson's Database Final Exam

While a database analyst is analyzing data, they find different versions of the same data appearing in different places. What do you call this type of situation? A. Data Inconsistency B. Poor Data Security C. Structural Dependence D. Conceptual Dependence

A. Data Inconsistency

What would you define as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions? A. Data Integrity B. Data Anomaly C. Data Ubiquity D. Data Quality

A. Data Integrity

Metadata is ____? A. Data about Data B. Raw Data C. Refined Data D. Filtered Data

A. Data about Data

When using the Oracle TO_DATE function, the code _____ represents a three-letter month name. A. MON B. MM3 C. MONTH D. MM

A. MON

When database designers must account for dependents when an EMPLOYEE table already exists, what other entity would the ERD require so that the database reflects the operational needs and processes for its employees? A. additional entity for DEPENDENT B. additional attribute for DEP_FNAME C. additional attribute for DEP_DOB D. additional entity for DEP_NUM

A. additional entity for DEPENDENT

Improving _____ leads to more flexible queries. A. atomicity B. normalization C. denormalization D. derived attribute

A. atomicity

A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system. A. attribute B. entity C. relationship D. constraint

A. attribute

In the context of lower-degree abstraction of data, which model is directly dependent on the database type but independent of hardware? A. internal model B. external model C. physical model D. conceptual model

A. internal model

The _____ is the representation of a database as "seen" by the DBMS. A. internal model B. external model C. physical D. conceptual

A. internal model

When creating a strong relationship between COURSE and CLASS, which of the following would be true about the CLASS object? A. it has a primary key that is also the primary key of COURSE B. It has a foreign key that is also primary key of COURSE C. It has two primary keys that is also foreign keys of COURSE D. It has two foreign keys in which one is a primary key of COURSE

A. it has a primary key that is also the primary key of COURSE

Which of the following is true of NoSQL databases? A. does not support distributed database structures B. not based on the relational model C. geared toward transaction consistency rather than performance D. does not support very large amounts of sparse data

B. Not based on the relational model

In the context of data modeling, what term is used to describe a single instance of an abstract representation of a real-world person, place or thing? A. Class B. Object C. Entity D. Constraint

B. Object

Which of the databases below would you recommend for a client that supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within the client's information? A. Desktop B. Workgroup C. Enterprise D. Transactional

B. Workgroup

Complete the following statement: Business rules must ______. A. be based only on end user perceptions B. be rendered in writing C. include constraints D. represent many-to-many (M:N) relationships

B. be rendered in writing

When working in an ER model, what does each row in the relational table represent? A. attribute B. entity C. schema D. relationships

B. entity

Which of the following traits should you balance with design integrity? A. robustness B. flexibility C. uniqueness D. ease of use

B. flexibility

Which of the following can be null? A. primary key B. foreign key C. composite primary key D. surrogate key

B. foreign key

In a database context, the word _____ indicates the use of the same attribute name to label different attributes. A. redundancy B. homonym C. duplicate D. synonym

B. homonym

Which of the following is a valid reason to NOT include the DISTINCT clause if it is not necessary? A. aggregate functions are used B. improve the performance C. no subqueries used D. number of rows too small

B. improve the performance

Granularity refers to _____. A. size of a table B. level of detail represented by the values in a table's row C. number of attributes represented in a table D. number of rows in a table

B. level of detail represented by the values in a table's row

The "_____" characteristic of a primary key states that the primary key should not have embedded semantic meaning. A. unique values B. nonintelligent C. preferably single-attribute D. security-compliant

B. nonintelligent

If a weak relationship is required between COURSE and CLASS, then the CLASS object must have which of the following? A. one primary key B. one foreign key and one primary key C. two foreign keys and one primary key D. two private keys and one foreign

B. one foreign key and one primary key

Within a specialization hierarchy, every subtype can have _____ supertype(s) to which it is directly related. A. zero B. only one C. one or many D. many

B. only one

The combination of normalization and ER modeling yields a useful _____, whose entities can be translated into appropriate table structures. A. DKNF B. BCNF C. ERD D. PJNF

C. ERD

April is a database administrator, she wants to provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database. What should she use? A. Queries B. End-User Data C. Meta data D. Schemas

C. Meta data

End-user data is _____. A. Knowledge about the end user B. Information about a specific topic C. Raw facts of interest to end user D. Accurate, relevant, and timely data

C. Raw facts of interest to end user

The proper use of _____ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy. A. primary B. candidate C. foreign D. external

C. foreign

A video game store has a table with its users. What type of data type is best for the attribute of being an adult? A. numeric B. date C. logical D. [0,1]

C. logical

What type of dependency is shown during normalization, if the conversion to the second normal form involves removing all attributes dependent on only a part of a composite primary key? A. functional dependency B. transitive dependency C. partial dependency D. primary key dependency

C. partial dependency

According to a standard data-modeling checklist, the non-key entities in an entity-relationship (ER) data model must be fully dependent on _____. A. passive verbs B. entity instance C. primary key D. constraints

C. primary key

A(n) _____ is bidirectional. A. attribute B. entity C. relationship D. constraint

C. relationship

_____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity. A. Attributes B. Entities C. Relationships D. Constraints

D. Constraints

Of the following normal forms, _____ is mostly of theoretical interest. A. 1NF B. 3NF C. BCNF D. DKNF

D. DKNF

Which of the answers listed below is an example of structured data? A. Invoices stored in a computer B. PDF documents stored in a computer C. Pictures stored in a computer D. Data in an Excel spreadsheet

D. Data in an Excel spreadsheet

The term _____ refers to the organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment. A. structured Data B. transaction C. management system D. database system

D. Database System

The ____ constraint specifies whether each entity supertype occurrence must also be a member of at least one subtype. A. specialization B. uniqueness C. inheritance D. completeness

D. completeness

In the context of data models, which of the following models emphasize a global view of data that is independent of the database model type? A. external model B. internal model C. physical model D. conceptual model

D. conceptual model

A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table. A. Primary Rule B. Superkey C. Relationship D. Index

D. index

Using attributes such as STU_LNAME and STU_FNAME, the entity STUDENT would be represented with a _____ in the Chen model. A. square B. circle C. triangle D. rectangle

D. rectangle

Although not required to capture, the EMPLOYEE table can have duplicates with the attributes EMPLOYEE_NUM and EMP_SPOUSE when employees marry each other. How would the database be designed better? A. keep database as is B. place EMP_SPOUCE in a different table C. use a bridged entity D. remove EMP_SPOUCE entirely

D. remove EMP_SPOUCE entirely

A _____ is a primary key created by a database designer to simplify the identification of entity instances. A. composite key B. compound key C. natural key D. surrogate key

D. surrogate key

If each CLASS in an ERD can only have one PROFESSOR, the designer would place a cardinality next to the PROFESSOR object as which of the following? A. (1,1) B. (1,0) C. (1,N) D. (0,1)

A. (1,1)

A data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the ______. A. Operational Databases B. Desktop Database C. Enterprise Databases D. Workgroup Databases

A. Operational Databases

_____ returns only the attributes requested, in the order in which they are requested. A. PROJECT B. SELECT C. UNION D. DIFFERENCE

A. PROJECT

What is the general rule that is used when using entity clusters? A. avoid the display of attributes B. display the attributes C. combine everything under 1 cluster D. have only 1 cluster present at all times

A. avoid the display of attributes

If we are creating subtypes for a car dealership. Why would an accountant be a subtype of an employee? A. because it is identifiable with employees and has unique attributes B. because it only is identifiable with employees C. because it is not identifiable with employees but has unique attributes D. because it only has unique attributes

A. because it is identifiable with employees and has unique attributes

M:N relationship can be changed into two 1:M relationships using a __________. A. composite entity B. JOIN C. SELECT D. foreign key

A. composite entity

The main concern with redundant relationships is that they remain _____ across the model. A. consistent B. redundant C. coherent D. specific

A. consistent

When relating SEMESTER and COURSE to an associative entity such as CLASS where a SEMESTER can have many CLASSes and a COURSE can have many CLASSes, then COURSE would have what type of relationship to CLASS? A. one to many B. one to one C. many to one D. many to many

A. one to many

In a M:N relationship between STUDENT and CLASS at a university, it is possible that a class may start with no students and a student may start with no classes. If a database designer is using the O symbol using the Chen model, what is the designer hoping to establish between these entities? A. optional relationship B. cardinality figure C. domain of possible values D. set of optional identifiers

A. optional relationship

The _____ relationship is the "relational model ideal." A. 1:1 B. 1:M C. M:1 D. M:N

B. 1:M

A car dealership has a table with cars on sale (uniquely identified by BIN number) and a table with its sales representatives. What kind is the relationship: "representative sold car"? A. M:N B. 1:N C. 1:1 D. N:1

B. 1:N

Which of the following types of HDFS nodes acts as the interface between the user application and the HDFS? A. data node B. client node C. name node D. map node

B. client node

The main goal of normalization is to eliminate _____. A. dependencies B. data anomalies C. repeating groups D. nonkey attributes

B. data anomalies

An index is composed of an index key and pointers. What is the function of the pointers? A. help sort the index by points B. shows location of the occurrence of a particular index value C. avoids creating more complex primary keys D. allows the creation of M:N relations in the database

B. shows location of the occurrence of a particular index value

After building a database using an implementation-oriented approach, the database designers must now conceptualize the model so that it appeals well to management. How should the designers conceptualize the linked attributes to a single entity? A. dotted circle B. solid line C. dotted rectangle D. solid circle

B. solid line

If a PROFESSOR can teach up to 4 CLASSes, the cardinality of CLASS should be expressed as which of the following? A. (0,N) B. (1,N) C. (1,4) D. (4,0)

C. (1,4)

How would Microsoft Access generate a surrogate key? A. AutoChar B. sequence C. AutoNumber D. identity

C. AutoNumber

In a relational table, an intersection of a row and a column represents ____________. A. an entity B. a vertical subset C. a single data value D. an attribute

C. a single data value

What type of data is stored at their lowest level of granularity. A. transitive B. repeating C. atomic D. dependent

C. atomic

Sally's Dog Grooming Salon is creating a database of every dog she grooms. She wants to collect specific information about the breed, height, weight, and age of each dog. What building block does "dog" represent in her data model? A. attribute B. relationship C. entity D. class

C. entity

An internal _____ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database. A. standards B. file system C. schema D. diagram

C. schema

What type of key can never be used as a search key? A. primary B. secondary C. surrogate D. natural

C. surrogate

When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared. A. key B. composite C. unique D. primary

C. unique

While designing a query you determine that the data needs to be preprocessed. Which of the following is most appropriate? A. use the HAVING clause B. use the WHERE clause C. use a subquery to preprocess D. re-design the query to avoid preprocessing

C. use a subquery to preprocess

The database structure itself is stored as a __ A. Collection of Metadata B. Single File C. Unlinked Files D. Collection of Files

D. Collection of Files

Composite primary keys are particularly useful as identifiers of composite entities, where each primary key combination is allowed only once in the _____ relationship. A. 0:1 B. 1:1 C. 1:M D. M:N

D. M:N

_____, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that satisfy a given condition. A. INTERSECT B. UNION C. DIFFERENCE D. SELECT

D. SELECT

Jude is a database administrator. Jude wants to store and manage an XML database. What type of XML data should Jude plan to use? A. Structured B. Multistructured C. Fully Structured D. Semistructured

D. Semistructured

In exchange for possible reductions in performance, what unwanted element does normalization reduce? A. reporting requirements B. business rules C. functional dependencies D. data redundancies

D. data redundancies

When a student's grade point average (GPA) attribute has a domain of (0,4), the GPA can hold ____ possible values. A. 0 B. 1 C. 4 D. many

D. many

If one exists, a data modeler uses a _____ as the primary key of the entity being modeled. A. foreign key B. combination key C. surrogate key D. natural identifier

D. natural identifier

The most likely data type for a surrogate key is _____. A. character B. text C. logical D. numeric

D. numeric

Which option below is a type of data anomaly? A. Repeat Anomalies B. Entry Anomalies C. Insertion Anomalies D. Format Anomalies

C. Insertion Anomalies

A table of products with a foreign key of vend_code references to the table vendor. Which of the following could be an unintended effect of deleting an entry in the vendor table? A. It has an effect only on the Vendor table B. It creates a reference to a null entry C. It damages the entity's integrity D. It damages the referential integrity

D. It damages the referential integrity

What is the best data type for a primary key? A. text B. date C. time D. numeric

D. numeric

When designing a database for a car shop, the CAR entity was first conceptualized with a few basic, common characteristics for a car like, model, make, and color. However, a car does not only have one color. If a database designer splits the COLOR attribute in a Crow's Foot model, why would this be preferred over keeping it as is? A. table cannot recognize multiple entities B. table cannot recognize multiple primary keys C. table cannot recognize multiple foreign keys D. table cannot recognize multivalued attributes

D. table cannot recognize multivalued attributes

Since a partial dependency can exist only if a table's primary key is composed of several attributes, and if a table in 1NF has a single-attribute primary key, then the table is automatically in _____. A. 2NF B. 3NF C. 4NF D. BCNF

A. 2NF

Tess is working for a railway company and needs to create a diagram to depict the different working aspects of their reservation system such as passenger, ticket booking method, payment method, and ticket type. What notation would be the best way to visually showcase these components? A. Class Diagram Notation B. Chen Notation C. Crow's Foot Notation D. Barker's Notation

A. Class Diagram Notation

A _____ contains all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system. A. data dictionary B. relational schema C. logical schema D. database

A. data dictionary

What name has the set of permissible values of a column or attribute? A. domain B. range C. extension D. type

A. domain

The result of a grouping operation on simple entities is called a(n) ______. A. entity cluster B. entities C. primary key D. inheritance

A. entity cluster

Which type of databases would Sonnie most likely use when more complex objects with different types of data are required, particularly when data management is incorporated into an object-oriented programming language or when disk indexing is needed to provide persistent storage? A. object-oriented B. object/relational C. extended-relational D. entity-relationship

A. object-oriented

One important inheritance characteristic is that all entity subtypes inherit their _____ key attribute from their supertype. A. primary B. natural C. foreign D. surrogate

A. primary

What type of identifier relationship ensures that the dependent entity can exist only when it is related to the parent entity? A. strong B. independent C. weak D. dependent

A. strong

What type of key has the practical advantage in that it has no intrinsic meaning? A. surrogate B. secondary C. primary D. natural

A. surrogate

A user gets an error when entering new information into a table. The error suggests the wrong values are entered in. What can the user review about the table's attributes to ensure the right values are entered in? A. the attribute's domain B. the name of the entity C. the table's primary identifier D. the candidate key

A. the attribute's domain

Proper data _____ design requires carefully defined and controlled data redundancies to function properly. A. warehousing B. administration C. files D. storage

A. warehousing

Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. For most purposes in business database design, _____ stages are as high as you need to go in the normalization process. A. 2 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5

B. 2

The movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web- and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost is referred to as "_____." A. NoSQL B. Big Data C. Hadoop D. Internet of Things (IoT)

B. Big Data

_____ databases reflect the ever-growing demand for greater scope and depth in the data on which decision support systems increasingly rely. A. Normalization B. Data warehouse C. Temporary D. Report

B. Data warehouse

_____ is the bottom-up process of identifying a higher-level, more generic entity supertype from lower-level entity subtypes. A. Specialization B. Generation C. Normalization D. Total completeness

B. Generation

Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to ____. A. Data Management B. Good Decision Making C. Knowledge D. Understanding

B. Good Decision Making

If a company generates reports by city or state from its CUSTOMER table, a database designer should be cautious of attributes like ADDRESS because it does not separate the different details of a full address such as a city or state. What type of attributes would a database designer be cautious of and work on decomposing further for better querying? A. simple attributes B. composite attributes C. single-value attribute D. multivalued attribute

B. composite attributes

When a database designer determines that two entities share the same primary keys in their relationship, what can the designer infer between the two? A. weak relationship B. strong relationship C. optional relationship D. Unary relationship

B. strong relationship

In a COURSE and CLASS relationship if the CLASS object is given a cardinality of (0,N) then which of the following would be true? A. COURSE is optional B. COURSE is mandatory C. CLASS is optional D. CLASS is mandatory

C. CLASS is optional

In a relationship between COURSE and CLASS, COURSE has attributes CRS_CODE, DEPT_CODE, and CSR_DESCRIPTION, and CLASS has CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, and ROOM_CODE. Which attribute would be an example of a foreign key? A. CLASS_SELECTION B. DEPT_CODE C. CRS_CODE D. ROOM_CODE

C. CRS_CODE

Zoe needs an open-source, distributed framework to provide an environment for high speed, parallel computation and storage using low-cost hardware as nodes in order to process Big Data. Which of the following would Zoe use? A. XML B. NoSQL C. Hadoop D. MapReduce

C. Hadoop

A table where all attributes are dependent on the primary key but are independent of each other, and no row contains two or more multivalued facts about an entity is said to be in _____. A. 1NF B. 2NF C. 3NF D. 4NF

D. 4NF

In explaining data, you could say that the word data covers the collection of ___ stored in the database. A. strings B. text C. characters D. facts

D. Facts