BTE Final Exam

Health Information Trust Alliance Common Security Framework

(HITRUST CSF)

Characteristics of cloud computing

-The "no-need-to-know" in terms of the underlying details of infrastructure. - The "flexibility and elasticity" allows these systems to scale up and down. -The "pay as much as used and needed" type of utility computing and the "always on, anywhere and any place" type of network-based computing.

What are some barriers to the rapid implementation of AI in healthcare?

Barriers: Patient/Provider Trust: Machine learning algorithms are very difficult for the average person to understand, causing many patients and providers to become hesitant in trusting A.I to provide accurate health recommendations. Privacy: Even though AI technology is advancing, cyberattacks are as well. As long as we continue to become more technologically advanced, there will remain the threat of cyberattacks, viruses, and malware.

What is Cloud Computing, and what are its benefits for the healthcare sector?

Cloud computing is the delivery of services over the internet. It allows you to test and build applications, store and backup data, analyze data, and stream.

The benefits of cloud computing include:

Reduced Costs: There are no longer additional costs for on-site storage that requires purchasing new hardware and softwares. Enhanced Privacy: Cloud storage services keep EMRs safe as opposed to paper records that are stored in filing cabinets and face risk of damage and theft. Collaboration: Doctors are now able to share information with each other via cloud storage and EHRs.

Describe the potential that AI offers to automate aspects of healthcare.

There are currently 2 different ways A.I has been automating healthcare: IBM Watson has the ability to pinpoint treatments for cancer patients. It performs a data analysis to determine treatment options for people with tumors who are showing genetic abnormalities. Google's Cloud Healthcare API includes AI solutions that assist physicians in making more informed and accurate clinical decisions regarding patients. It takes the data from EHRs and creates insights for healthcare providers.

What is Machine Learning, and how does it differ from Traditional Computing? How can ML improve Healthcare outcomes?

Traditional computing is when a programmer manually creates a program. Machine learning, on the other hand, is an automated process that is based on human learning behavior. ML can: Improve diagnosis: ML can be used during medical imaging to recognize patterns that indicate an illness or disease more accurately. New Treatments: ML can be used during clinical trials to analyze data of different participants and use this data towards the development of new drugs. Patient Care: ML can develop systems that monitor patients and provide alerts when there are changes in their data or their condition.

Patient Portals:

a 24-hour online website that gives patients access to the personal health information

Personal Health Records:

a record where health information is controlled and monitored by the patient

Voice recognition, contextually aware interactions, pattern identification, and complex process automation are all examples of ____________. a. Artificial intelligence b. Platforms c. Telehealth d. Virtual medicine

a. Artificial intelligence

_____ is a category of data, analysis, and uses. It is similar to the World Wide Web because they both encompass a very wide range of activities. a. Big Data b. Data warehouse c. Electronic health records d. Data knowledge

a. Big Data

What is the technology foundation of an organization's data analysis activities? a. Data warehouse b. Data governance c. Data mining d. Data information

a. Data warehouse

___ connects and empowers populations to manage health and wellness augmented by accessible and supportive provider teams working with flexible, integrated, interoperable, and digitally enabled care environments that strategically leverage digital tools. a. Digital health b. Population health c. Patient activation d. Patient engagement

a. Digital health

Which of the following is the first step in determining which technologies will fit smoothly into an organization's strategies? a. Focus on the strategy objectives, not the digital. b. Understand why a particular technology may be an important tool c. Choose suppliers. d. Focus on digital objectives, not the strategy.

a. Focus on the strategy objectives, not the digital.

Which of the following lists all of the Patient Framework successive levels of patient engagement? a. Inform me, engage me, empower me, partner with me, support my e-community b. Inform me, engage me, partner with me, support my finances c. Engage me, partner with me, develop me, teach me, support my e-community d. Inform me, engage me, teach me

a. Inform me, engage me, empower me, partner with me, support my e-community

Which term refers to the specific hardware and systems software that enable the organization's applications and analytics to work? a. Knowledge b. Infrastructure c. Architecture d. Platform

a. Infrastructure

____ are health-related data created, recorded, or gathered by or from patients to help address a health concern. a. Patient-generated health data b. Electronic medical records c. Personal health records d. Patient activity

a. Patient-generated health data

Some health care organizations need ________ to support initiatives like the needs of the research community, data analytics goals, marketing departments, or process redesign committees. a. Specialized groups b. Applications management c. IT administration d. Technical support

a. Specialized groups a. Specialized groups

What is the set of organizational, managerial, and technical strategies and tactics used to ensure that the organization's information systems have critical, organizationally defined characteristics and capabilities? a. Technical architecture b. Innovation c. Alignment d. Change management

a. Technical architecture

______, a form of telehealth, may be integrated with a range of technologies and platforms such as EHR's and portable mobile devices as a tool in disease management. a. Telemedicine b. Patient engagement c. Personal health record d. Electronic health record

a. Telemedicine

Confidentiality:

addresses the expectation that information shared with a health care provider during the course of treatment will be used only for its intended purpose and not disclosed otherwise

Predictive Analytics:

algorithms that pinpoint potential problem areas; Social determinants of health

Privacy:

an individual's right to be left alone and to limit access to his or her health care information

Which of the following includes the three classes of emerging technology? a. Telehealth, virtual reality, cloud-based storage b. Artificial intelligence, telehealth, platforms c. Telehealth, cloud-based storage, virtual reality d. Platforms, artificial intelligence, virtual reality

b. Artificial intelligence, telehealth, platforms

What type of analysis occurs when a physician group compares its performance and staffing levels with those of other physician groups of comparable size and specialty mix? a. Descriptive analytics b. Benchmarking c. Predictive analytics d. Reporting

b. Benchmarking

Which of the following is not a core function of IT departments? a. Applications management b. Clinical tasks c. Specialized groups d. Operations and technical support

b. Clinical tasks

Good _______ ensures that data is "clean," or complete, accurate, and usable. a. Data quality b. Data governance c. Data information d. Data knowledge

b. Data governance

______ refers to the steps an organization takes to ensure that its data has a well-understood meaning, is of good quality, is appropriately used, is protected, and has potent analysis tools. a. Data warehouse analytics b. Data management c. Data knowledge d. Data information

b. Data management

The investigation of cause-and-effect relationships that help to determine why a specific event happens describes which category of analytics capabilities? a. Prediction/simulation b. Data mining and evaluation c. Reporting d. Adjustment

b. Data mining and evaluation

___ is a secure website through which patients can access their health records for information such as recent visits, medications, allergies, or test results. a. Personal health record b. Patient portal c. Electronic health record d. Medical record

b. Patient portal

Which term describes technologies that are used to connect with patients outside of the care setting? a. Inpatient b. Patient remote monitoring c. Patient communication d. Physician tracking

b. Patient remote monitoring

The ________ phase describes when early publicity by proponents of the technology has reached a crescendo. a. Technology trigger b. Peak of inflated expectations c. Plateau of productivity d. Trough of disillusionment

b. Peak of inflated expectations

The _________ holds the fundamental accountability for the performance of the organization, including the IT function. a. Senior Leadership b. The Board c. Chief Information Officer d. Chief Financial Officer

b. The Board

What is the set of organizational, management, and technical strategies used to ensure that the organization's information systems have critical, organizationally defined characteristics and capabilities? a. Knowledge b. Infrastructure c. Architecture d. Foundation

c. Architecture

Different from an EHR or patient portal, the personal health record is managed by the __. a. Provider b. Health care organization c. Consumer d. Insurance companies

c. Consumer

_______ is composed of the processes, reporting relationships, roles, and committees that an organization develops to make decisions about IT resources and activities and to manage the execution of those decisions. a. IT budget b. Organizational effectiveness c. IT governance d. Information technology function

c. IT governance

What is the highest level in a hierarchy of processing? a. Data b. Information c. Knowledge d. Communication

c. Knowledge

Patient engagement describes the importance of actively involving ____ in decisions regarding their health, wellness, and care. a. Physicians b. Third-party payers c. Patients d. Confidentiality

c. Patients

What type of analytics are algorithms that pinpoint potential problem areas? a. Descriptive analytics b. Benchmark analytics c. Predictive analytics d. Reporting analytics

c. Predictive analytics

The _______ describes the development of every technology when its value, or lack of value, becomes clear. a. Technology success cycle b. Information technology process c. Technology hype cycle d. Technology evolution

c. Technology hype cycle

Caring for patients via video visits, phono calls, and other electronic means is referred to as _______. a. Artificial intelligence b. Platforms c. Telehealth d. Virtual medicine

c. Telehealth

Which of the following is not a major mode of transmission of telemedicine? a. Store and forward b. Remote monitoring c. Written communication d. Real time

c. Written communication

Telehealth:

caring for patients via video visits, phone calls, and other electronic means

Big Data:

category of data, analysis, and uses; encompasses a wide range of activities

IT Budget:

committing resources makes a strategy real, and the budget process forces management to make choices among recommended initiatives and investments

Which of the following is NOT one of the four categories of analytics capabilities? a. Monitoring b. Reporting c. Data mining d. Adjustment

d. Adjustment

The IT Department is responsible for: a. Developing an IT plan and strategy for the organization b. Providing day-to-day support for users c. Managing infrastructure d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a phase to the hype cycle? a. Technology trigger b. Slope of enlightenment c. Plateau of productivity d. All of the above are phases

d. All of the above are phases

A critical factor in determining the structure for the IT department is the degree of centralization of organization decision making. Which of the following is an advantage of centralized decision-making? a. Efficient administration of resources b. Easier strategic IT planning c. Looser budget control by senior management d. Both A and B

d. Both A and B

Well-developed governance mechanisms____________________________. a. Are perceived as objective and fair b. Are efficient and timely c. Have vague decision authority d. Both A and B

d. Both A and B

Which of the following is a new data source of Big Data? a. Patient networks b. Social determinants of health c. Written patient charts d. Both A and B

d. Both A and B

Which of the following is NOT one of the attributes of patient engagement according to Higgins and colleagues (2017)? a. Access b. Communication c. Personalization d. Confidentiality

d. Confidentiality

Which of the following is NOT a challenge of developing the IT budget? a. Volume b. Variety c. Limited dollars d. Limited choices

d. Limited choices

What is a group of technologies used as a base for other applications, processes, or technologies? a. Knowledge b. Infrastructure c. Architecture d. Platform

d. Platform

Which of the following is NOT a foundation for successful strategic application of information technology? a. Accountability b. Change management c. Innovation d. Strained relationships

d. Strained relationships

Information:

ex. occupancy for January compared to December, where January admissions are coming from

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA):

first comprehensive federal regulation to offer specific protection to private health information

Platform:

group of technologies used as a base for other applications, processes, or technologies

Patient-Generated Health Data:

health-related data created, recorded, or gathered by or from patients to help address a health concern

In-House IT:

made up entirely of internal staff members

Digital Transformation:

organization efforts to improve performance and competitive position through use of IT → transformation enabled by digital technologies

Outsourced IT:

provided by a third party under contract to the organization that is responsible for employing staff and managing all operations

Health Apps/Wearables:

ranges from fitness trackers to apps that require prescriptions → heart rate, sleep patterns, nutrition, i.e

NIST Cybersecurity Framework:

reduces cyber attack risks

Office for Civil Rights (OCR):

responsible for enforcing the HIPAA Privacy and Security rules

Architecture:

set of organizational, management, and technical strategies and tactics used to ensure that the organization's information systems have critical, organizationally, defined characteristics and capabilities

Examples of Emerging Technologies:

telehealth, artificial intelligence, platforms

Patient Engagement:

the concept and importance of actively involving patients in decisions regarding their health, wellness, and care

IT Governance:

the principles, processes, and organizational structures that govern the IT resources → determining the distribution of the responsibility for making decisions

Data Management:

the steps an organization takes to ensure that its data has a well-understood meaning, is of good quality, is appropriately used, is protected, etc

Security:

the systems in place to protect health information and the systems within which it resides

Cloud computing

the use of network resources, principally internet resources, to provide on-demand data processing and storage.

Technology Hype Cycle:

trigger, peak of inflated expectations, trough of disillusionment, slope of enlightenment, plateau of productivity

Remote Patient Monitoring:

used to connect patients outside of the care setting

Knowledge:

using x-ray findings, blood test results, and description of symptoms to diagnose, combining information to synthesize a course of treatment