BUS chapter 10 practice

Management by objectives is most effective in stable situations that allow managers to make __________ - ___________ plans with few changes.

Long-range

Which of the following is an example of time-motion study?

Measuring the time and amount produced by different methods and tools when shoveling coal

Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?

Scientific

Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?

Sense of achievement

An employee that is part of Generation X is likely to Blank______.

be more concerned with economic and career security

Employee empowerment cannot be successful without clear and open ___________ throughout an organization.

communication

The key to successful employee empowerment is free-flowing______________and information throughout the organization.

communication

Free-flowing communication and information throughout an organization are the key to successful Blank______.

empowerment

Something given to you by someone else in recognition of good work is referred to as a(n) ________ reward.

extrinsic

Frederick Taylor was called the _______ of scientific management.

father

Gen X managers are very able to provide employees with ___________ because they want more of it themselves.

feedback

Companies like Ford are using self-managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ____________ to solve problems and meet objectives.

freedom

An extrinsic reward is Blank______.

given to you by someone else

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people Blank______.

naturally like to work

Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:

no longer motivate

Taylor's goal was to increase worker efficiency and ____________ in order to benefit both the firm and workers.

productivity

The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:

productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions

When implementing management by objectives it is a manager's responsibility to involve everyone, commit employees to the goals, monitor progress, and____________ accomplishments.

reward

The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:

the findings were used to set standards and goals

Studies of the tasks performed in a job and the __________ needed for each is time-motion study.

time

To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:

- allowing autonomy - developing workers' skills - respecting workers

According to Ouchi's research about the effect of national culture on organizations, Type _________ management relies on individual decision making and achievement.

A

When using MBO, a manager must do which of the following?

- develop commitment to goals - formulate goals cooperatively with employees

Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which two theorists?

- Abraham Maslow - Frederick Herzberg

Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. Other researchers who worked with him, included:

- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth - Henry L. Gantt

High-context culture:

- Places an importance on group trust - Workers are encouraged to build personal relationships

According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?

- Rapid promotion - Individual decision making

What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?

- To monitor the results of implementing goals - To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation - To reward the accomplishment of organizational goals

Low-context culture:

- Views relationship building as a waste of time - Places more emphasis on the task

A researcher whose work was based on Taylor's was Henry L. Gantt who developed ____________ to plot and track production.

Charts

Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?

Drucker's Goal-setting theory

The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?

Drucker's goal-setting theory

________ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.

Equity

Which theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward?

Expectancy theory

True or false: Frederick Gilbreth was the "Father of Scientific Management".

False

The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by Blank______.

Frederick Herzberg

Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of Blank______.

Frederick Taylor

"The Principles of Scientific Management" was written by ___________ ____________.

Fredrick Taylor

The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are Blank______.

Gen X

Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?

Intrinsic reward

Which management theory uses time-motion studies to find the one best method for workers to perform each task and then teaches them that method?

Taylor's Scientific Management

A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under Blank______, while a manager that views most employees as lazy, is operating under Blank______.

Theory Y; Theory X

Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?

They focus on career security and change jobs to find it

What feature of self-managed teams allows them to improve productivity?

They have the freedom to make decisions.

True or false: Frederick Taylor's studies were the foundation of Henry Gantt's chart development.

True

Viewing employees as people who hate to work is considered the view point of a Theory ___________ manager.

X

Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of Blank______.

a time-motion study

Vroom's expectancy theory states that the Blank______.

amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome

The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:

an intrinsic reward

While workers in the United States are more task oriented and require information to do their jobs, workers from Korea are more motivated by strong relationships and developing trust to do the same job. That is because Korea is a Blank______ context culture and the U.S. is a Blank______ context culture.

high, low

According to Herzberg, Blank______ factors are ones that did not necessarily motivate employees if they were increased, but could cause employees to become dissatisfied if they were missing or inadequate.

hygiene

Management by objectives means that managers Blank______.

include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated

Millennials generally don't remember a time without the __________.

internet

In a recent survey, what reason was given by nearly half of the respondents when asked what their reason was for changing jobs?

lack of appreciation

According to Herzberg, another name for hygiene factors is Blank______.

maintenance factors

Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to ____________ employees around the world.

manage

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide _____________.

motivation

Herzberg studied the relationship between Blank______.

motivation and job-related factors

Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's Blank______ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.

motivators

Gen X managers recognize the need to balance _________ and life needs.

work

Millennials place a high value on ________ - _________ balance and expect their employers to adapt to them.

work-life

Gen X managers generally:

- are good at allowing workers to have autonomy to get the job done - value results rather than hours at work - give employees good feedback

Characteristics of the Millennial Generation include:

- having cell phones - having been raised by indulgent parents - always having the Internet in their world

The workers in Herzberg's studies found which three factors of the job environment were not motivators for them?

- friendly supervisors - job security - pay

Characteristics of Millennials in the workplace are being:

- multitaskers - adaptable - tolerant

Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?

- rules of work - methods - time

The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:

- rewarding employee accomplishments - setting goals with the employee

Baby boomer years:

1946-1964

During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments,

- researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results - productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions - researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity

Gen X managers understand that:

- there is more to life than work - results are more important than hours spent in the workplace - flexibility and consensus building work well

Place the generational cohorts in the correct order from oldest to youngest. NOTE: the generation with the oldest age members should be the top item in your list.

1. Baby boomer 2. Generation X 3. Millennials 4. Generation z 5. Generation Alpha

Gen X years:

1965-1980

Generation Y (Millennial) years:

1980-1995

Generation Z years:

1995-2009

According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type___________management is achievement oriented.

A