Business Ethics - Chapter 7 - Check Quiz - Individual Factors: Moral Philosophies and Values

Because the concept of a moral philosophy is inexact, which of the following is true? a. Moral philosophies are adopted by individuals permanently. b. Moral philosophies must be assessed as static entities rather than on a continuum. c. People do not change moral philosophies due to the corporate culture where they work. d. Moral philosophies must be assessed on a continuum rather than as static entities. e. Implementing moral philosophies from an individual perspective does not require individuals to apply their own accepted value systems to real-world situations.

Moral philosophies must be assessed on a continuum rather than as static entities.

Which of the following refers to the specific principles or values people use to decide what is right and wrong? a. Economic freedom b. Goodness theory c. Moral philosophy d. Goodwill e. Virtue ethics

Moral philosophy

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's model, which of the following is the final stage of cognitive moral development? a. The stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange b. The stage of social system and conscience maintenance c. The stage of prior rights, social contract, or utility d. The stage of universal ethical principles e. The stage of punishment and obedience

The stage of universal ethical principles

Teleology is a philosophy associated with which of these statements? a. It is not possible to get too much of a good thing. b. People decide what is legal or illegal. c. Right or acceptable actions maximize a particular person's self-interest as defined by the individual. d. An act is morally right or acceptable if it produces a desired result. e. What is moral in a given situation is not only what conventional morality requires but also what the mature person with a "good" moral character deems appropriate.

An act is morally right or acceptable if it produces a desired result.

Which of the following philosophies focuses on the preservation of individual rights and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than on its consequences? a. Utilitarianism b. Deontology c. Teleology d. Egoism e. Relativism

Deontology

Which of the following is a moral philosophy that places special value on ideas and ideals as products of the mind? a. Economic value orientation b. Hedonism c. Economic freedom d. Idealism e. Realism

Idealism

Which of the following types of justice is based on the relationships between organizational members, including the way employees and management treat one another? a. Hedonistic b. Distributive c. Procedural d. Interactional e. Civil

Interactional

The famous statement, "Act as if the maxim of the action were to become by will a universal law of nature," is called _______. a. Leninism b. Kant's Categorical Imperative c. Friedman's Categorical Imperative d. Mao's Categorical Imperative e. Marxism

Kant's Categorical Imperative

Which of the following philosophies evaluates ethicalness subjectively on the basis of individual and group experiences? a. Egoism b. Utilitarianism c. Relativism d. Teleology e. Deontology

Relativism

Individuals use different moral philosophies depending on whether they make a personal or work-related decision. Which of the following may explain this behavior? (Select two) a. The concept of a moral philosophy is exact, so it is easy to determine human behavior when it comes to ethical decision making. b. If an employee views a specific action as good in the business sector, it will always be acceptable outside the work environment as well. c. Rules, personalities, and precedents exert pressure on an employee to conform to the firm's culture. d. An individual's moral philosophy will never change to become compatible with the work environment. e. In the business arena, some goals and pressures for success differ from the goals and pressures in a person's life outside of work.

Rules, personalities, and precedents exert pressure on an employee to conform to the firm's culture. In the business arena, some goals and pressures for success differ from the goals and pressures in a person's life outside of work.

According to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development, why do different individuals make different decisions in similar ethical situations? a. They are influenced by different family values. b. They are of different ages. c. They are in different stages of cognitive moral development. d. No one wants to be the same as others. e. They have different personalities.

They are in different stages of cognitive moral development.

Which of the following philosophies argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional morality standards but also requires considering what a mature person with a "good" moral character would deem appropriate in a given situation? a. Virtue ethics b. Relativism c. Deontology d. Justice e. Utilitarianism

Virtue ethics

Which of the following statements about white-collar criminals is true? a. White-collar criminals tend to be people in positions of power, trust, respectability, and responsibility within a business or organization. b. White-collar criminals commit illegal acts for the greater good of society. c. White-collar criminals do not commit crimes online. d. White-collar criminals tend to be uneducated people. e. White-collar criminals are violent business criminals.

White-collar criminals tend to be people in positions of power, trust, respectability, and responsibility within a business or organization.

Right or acceptable behavior in terms of the consequences for the individual is known as _______. a. relativism b. act deontology c. utilitarianism d. egoism e. rule deontology

egoism

Crimes perpetrated every year by nonviolent business criminals are known as _______. a. stakeholder disenfranchisement b. hedonism c. phishing d. white-collar crime e. employee abuse

white-collar crime