Business Management Exam 3 !

Which of the following factors would be included in Maslow's physiological needs category?

Air

_____, sometimes called indirect compensation, are things of value other than compensation that an organization provides to its workers.

Benefits

_____ thinking is a skill that allows people to see similarities between situations or events.

Convergent

John began his company making herb vinegars from a recipe his grandmother had given him. As demand grew, he had to buy a large commercial kitchen. Which of the following ratios would a banker be most interested in before allowing John to borrow $500,000?

Debt ratio

Identify the contribution made by an individual to a psychological contract.

Effort

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following conditions must be met for motivated behavior to occur?

Effort-to-performance expectancy must be greater than zero

_____ represents an important method that managers can use to enhance employee motivation.

Empowerment

_____ focuses on why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained those goals.

Expectancy theory

Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the least incentive to do good work?

Fixed-interval

Which of the following is an effective individual strategy for managing diversity?

Fostering tolerance

_____ is a spontaneous breakthrough that occurs after the preparation and incubation phases of the creative process.

Insight

Which of the following is true of the operating ratio?

It indicates the effectiveness of specific functional areas rather than that of the total organization.

Which of the following is true of the debt ratio?

It reflects ability to meet long-term financial obligations.

Which of the following is true of screening control?

It takes place during the transformation process.

Which of the following is a nonmonetary budget?

Labor budget

_____ is the process of dealing with employees who are represented by a union.

Labor relations

Ken is a newly hired police officer. He has been asked to spend a workday with a more experienced officer to learn about paperwork, how to handle accident scenes, how to interact with people, and other duties that he will be expected to perform. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?

On-the-job training

Identify the personality trait that a creative individual would most likely posses.

Openness

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory?

Organizational behavior modification

Which of the following statements is true of auditing?

Organizations contract with certified public accountants for external audits.

_____ is the process of attracting qualified persons to apply for jobs that are open.

Recruiting

_____ is a group based incentive reward system where the distribution of gains is tilted heavily toward the employees.

Scanlon plan

_____ needs are at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Self-actualization

_____ is a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task.

Self-efficacy

_____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute.

Stereotyping

Which of the following is an advantage of Web-based training methods?

They can be easily updated and revised.

Herman believes he needs balance between work and his personal life. He does not work on weekends but works at a constant pace irrespective of business deadlines. He exhibits a:

Type B personality.

Alberto complimented Daniel on his project updates two weeks in a row. Then he waited a month to compliment him again. Not knowing when Alberto will drop by for inspection, Daniel keeps his projects updated regularly. What reinforcement schedule is he using?

Variable-interval

If one wants to maintain an employee's behavior at a high level with variations in the level of behavior irrespective of the time interval, which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful?

Variable-ratio

_____ is used when employees must learn a physical skill, and this method also enables participants to focus on safety, learning, and feedback rather than on productivity.

Vestibule training

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor that influences an employee's satisfaction or dissatisfaction?

Working conditions

A hospital refuses to employ male nurses. This illustrates _____.

a direct form of discrimination

Jessica, a university student, accepts everything Prof. Hendricks has to say solely because he is the professor. It can be inferred that Jessica has _____.

a highly authoritarian personality

The Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) is _____.

a judgmental method of performance appraisal

Martha Sizemore, a senior analyst at BigWorks Inc., remains calm and poised in spite of being scrutinized for the errors made by her subordinates. Her ways of handling stress portray that Martha has _____.

a personality low in neuroticism

A construction worker injured on the job is on convalescent time-off for five weeks. She has a desire to get back to work and achieve her goals more effectively than she has done in the past. This portrays her need for _____.

achievement

Brianne, a graduate engineer, prefers to work in a job that provides her the opportunity to interact with people and make new friends on the job. Brianne has a need for _____.

affiliation

Organizations that use _____ strategic control believe it is effective because it allows the home office to keep better informed of the performance of foreign units.

centralized

The extent to which other people in the same situation behave in the same way is known as _____.

consensus

The final step in the control process is:

considering corrective action.

While matching human resource supply and demand, managers can handle predicted shortfalls by _____.

convincing individuals who are approaching retirement to stay on

Sara is an efficient supervisor at a restaurant, which is part of a large national chain. She was recently sent to a two-week educational course by her employer to help her get the skills she needs for promotion to a higher management post. The human resource management concept illustrated in the scenario is _____.

development

Claudia is trying to develop a communications plan for a new plant opening. She puts in many hours of overtime and eventually gives up and goes home without finishing the project. She is most likely in the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

exhaustion

Advertising, campus interviews, employment agencies, and union hiring halls are all _____ methods.

external recruiting

Windmere allows its administrative employees to arrive any time between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m., and to leave any time between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., as long as they work an eight-hour day. This arrangement is known as _____.

flextime

The purpose of bureaucratic control is to:

get employee compliance.

The means by which a labor agreement is enforced is the _____.

grievance procedure

Organizations with a diverse workforce are most likely to _____ when compared to less diverse organizations.

have higher levels of productivity

Amelia believes that if she tries hard to eliminate distractions and concentrate on her work, she will learn to do her job more efficiently. Amelia has:

high effort-to-performance expectancy.

An organization's attempt to control the behavior of their employees by directing them toward higher performance is an example of control of _____ resources.

human

The set of activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce is called _____.

human resource management

Performance appraisals are part of _____ control.

human resources

A(n) _____ represents a special compensation opportunity that is usually tied to performance.

incentive

When large firms merge, the results are often initially disappointing due to control systems trying to cope with a(n) _____.

increase in organizational complexity

Officers in the US military have no control over employee pay. It is all based on time of service and rank. The military uses medals and ribbons to acknowledge excellence. The medals are an example of _____.

inducements

An organization is said to achieve a perfect person-job fit if:

it can take advantage of the person's abilities and exactly fulfill his needs.

A variable-ratio schedule is difficult to use for formal rewards such as pay because:

it would be complicated to keep track of who was rewarded when.

An attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs is known as _____.

job evaluation

Physical demands are stressors associated with _____.

job settings

In the Myers-Briggs framework, people who enjoy completion or being finished are typically categorized as _____.

judging types

Organizations that use the bureaucratic control are characterized by:

limited employee participation.

When Caryl feels stress, anxiety, fear, or anger, she prays so that her emotions do not interfere with her work. Afterward she is more productive. Identify the emotional intelligence (EQ) dimension illustrated by Caryl's praying.

managing emotions

Madeline works at a local retail store. She feels that she is being underpaid in spite of her job performance. She motivates herself to improve her performance to get the due recognition she deserves. Madeline's motivation is due to a _____.

need deficiency

A publishing firm will use a(n) _____ budget to forecast and plan the demand for young adult books in Southeast Asia in the coming year.

operating

Google partnered with Nielsen Co. to poll users about ads on Google+. Nielsen then packaged the information for advertisers. This was a response to advertiser complaints about the effectiveness of ads on the social network. This indicates that Google is placing an emphasis on _____ controls.

operations

Employees at an accounting agency are prohibited from using social networking websites while at work. Their personal e-mails are also closely monitored for reasons of confidentiality. The control system at this organization suffers from:

overcontrol.

Lucy's work is above average as far as quality and quantity of production goes; however, she refuses to do anything beyond the strict performance of her required job tasks. This is an example of

poor organizational citizenship.

A tendency to be relatively upbeat and optimistic, have an overall sense of wellbeing, and to be in a good mood is called _____.

positive affectivity

Patricia, a joyful personality, is disgruntled on hearing that Terry, a subordinate, has moved ahead of her for a promotion. Realizing that Terry has been rewarded for his potential, she congratulates him and returns to her normal self. Patricia's mood swing portrays a high degree of _____.

positive affectivity

The _____ budget shows the anticipated differences between sales or revenue and expenses.

profit

Anne, a software programmer at Mont Inc., tries to rectify a programming module that stressed her out with unfamiliar issues. According to the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), Anne is in the _____ stage.

resistance

An organizational _____ is the formal and informal mechanisms by which employee performance is defined, evaluated, and awarded.

reward system

According to the motivation framework, after a worker notices an unfilled need, the next step is:

searching for ways to satisfy the need.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once an individual has satisfied his physiological needs, he turns his focus towards _____ needs.

security

A(n) _____ is usually computerized and contains information on each employee's education, work experience, and career aspirations.

skills inventory

An organization that switches to a different type of functional design is changing its method of _____ control.

strategic

Organizations make the decision of whether to have a centralized or decentralized international control system when they are addressing issues of ____ control.

strategic

An organization shifts its budget from a few, large projects to accommodate a number of smaller projects every year. It also decentralizes power and gives additional responsibilities to individual project managers. This is an example of the use of _____ control.

structural

Executives who retire and then work as consultants are part of the _____ workforce.

temporary

A job description is most likely to provide information about:

the tools, materials, and equipment used to perform the job.