By the people ch 9

A _____ is an individual who contacts government officials on behalf of a particular cause or issue. a. lobbyist b. constituent c. member of Congress d. specialist

a

A _____ voter is one who votes for the same party for all offices on a ballot. a. straight-ticket b. split-ticket c. base d. filtered

a

Approximately _____ percent of voting-age Americans identify with one of the two major political parties today. a. 50 b. 74 c. 47 d. 98

a

At least _____ interest groups are active in American politics today. a. 200,000 b. 300,000 c. 400,000 d. 500,000

a

In the first half of the twentieth century, lobbyists were _____. a. not really regulated b. regulated about the same as they are today c. regulated more than they are today d. not present in Washington, DC

a

James Madison warns against interest groups in Federalist no. ____. a. 5 b. 7 c. 10 d. 25 Page number: 284

a

On high-profile issues like climate change, lobbying _____. a. has little effect on the views of members of Congress because they already have very strong views on the subject b. has great potential to change the views of members of Congress c. has an effect with some members and no effect on other members of Congress, regardless of their party's stance on the issue d. can make or break the way Congress members vote

a

The _____ (GOP) is the longstanding nickname for the Republican Party. a. Grand Old Party b. Good Old Party c. Grand Old Politicians d. Great Old Politicians

a

The _____ party system set a durable pattern: two main parties contesting elections and building coalitions. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

a

The _____ party system witnessed the birth of modern party politics. a. second b. third c. fourth d. fifth

a

The colors red and blue have been used to identify the Republican and Democratic Parties, respectively, since _____ when the major broadcast networks used these colors to indicate which candidate won each state. a. 2000 b. the early 1900s c. about 1960 d. the post-Civil War era

a

_____ fear that there are so many interests and groups that the entire system is bogging down in stalemate. a. Hyperpluralists b. Demosclerosists c. Pluralists d. Monopolists

a

_____ identification shapes three key aspects of public involvement: voting/political participation, "filtering," and ideology. a. Party b. Political c. Issue d. Platform

a

_____ is a pejorative term, often used to designate an interest group whose aims or issue preferences one does not share. a. Special interest b. Faction c. Membership group d. Lobbying coalition

a

_____ leads to disenchantment among the public. a. Partisanship b. Nationalism c. Racism d. Cronyism

a

_____ refers to attempts by government officials to influence interest groups on behalf of their preferred policies. a. Reverse lobbying b. Bureaucratic rule making c. Judicial precedent d. Intergovernmental lobbying

a

_____ refers to the vast number of Washington lobbyists who collectively slow down the process of American democratic policymaking. a. Demosclerosis b. Pluralism c. Power elite theory d. Sclerosis

a

Besides the _____, the Democratic Party has used the rooster as a mascot. a. donkey b. eagle c. vulture d. salamander

a(not on test)

The _____ party dominated in the fifth party system. a. Republican b. Democrat c. Populist d. Whig

a*

A/an _____ election is one in which candidates run as individuals, without any party affiliation. a. bipartisan b. nonpartisan c. sectarian d. factional

b

According to _____ analysts, the U.S. government's using $125 billion of public tax funds to bail out big banks in 2008-2009 is proof that corporations get a special deal in American government. a. demosclerosis b. power elite c. hyperpluralism d. Both a and c.

b

During the first party system, _____ was more inclined to advocate for a weaker national government and more states' rights. a. George Washington b. Thomas Jefferson c. Alexander Hamilton d. John Adams

b

In Federalist no. 10, Madison suggests the way to prevent factions from killing off popular government is to _____. a. outlaw them b. increase the number of them c. ignore them d. limit how many there can be

b

Madison refers to interest groups in the Federalist no. 10 as _____. a. lobbyists b. factions c. special interests d. political parties

b

President _____ marks the beginning of the fourth party system in the United States. a. Franklin Delano Roosevelt b. Theodore Roosevelt c. William Howard Taft d. Woodrow Wilson

b

The U.S. has experienced _____ major party realignments. a. five b. six c. seven d. eight

b

The two important elements in the definition of an interest group are _____. a. membership and money b. organization and influence c. bribery and blackmail d. persuasion and information

b

_____ voting is most likely to lead to divided government. a. Split-ticket b. Straight-ticket c. Base d. Loyalist

b

_____ was an issue position of the "Radical Republicans" in the aftermath of the Civil War. a. Higher tariffs to promote southern agriculture b. Political rights for former slaves c. An end to western expansion d. Giving back a certain amount of land to Native Americans

b

The Republican party has used both the _____ and the eagle to identify itself. a. rooster b. elephant c. crow d. lion

b(not on test)

A regulation that eliminates (or sharply reduces the permitted dollar amount of) gifts from interest groups to lawmakers is called a _____. a. buy-off ban b. swag block c. gift ban d. donation embargo

c

Green Party candidate _____ upset the results in the state of Florida in the 2000 presidential election. a. Al Gore b. Jeb Bush c. Ralph Nader d. Jerry Brown

c

In United States history, _____ is the only third-party candidate to ever finish second in a presidential election. a. Woodrow Wilson b. William Howard Taft c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Ross Perot

c

Lobbyists can pay for a meal with lawmakers as long as the member or staffer is a _____. a. "significant other" b. "roommate" c. "fellow member of the lobbyist's place of worship, gym, or housing association" d. "personal friend"

c

People who measure high in "conscientiousness" (strong sense of duty, discipline, impulse control) and "emotional stability" (even-temperedness) tend to be stronger supporters of the _____ Party. a. Libertarian b. Democratic c. Republican d. Green

c

Representing practically every conceivable issue and group of people, _____ cover the political spectrum. a. public interest groups b. citizen groups c. public interest groups and citizen groups d. none of the above

c

The 1946 Regulation of Lobbying Act required lobbyists to _____. a. register with Congress b. report the amount and sources of income derived from lobbying c. both a and b d. none of the above

c

The Whig Party in the United States got its name from the British, where the term stood for opposition to _____. a. monarchy b. authoritarian rule c. tyranny or mob rule d. the House of Lords

c

The _____ provide(s) support for a party's candidates and elected officials. a. standing committees in Congress b. party planks c. party organizations d. Electoral College

c

The _____ was a broad series of economic programs and reforms introduced between 1933 and 1936 and associated with Franklin Roosevelt's administration. a. Real Deal b. Millionaires' Club c. New Deal d. Temperance Reform Movement

c

The party platform is the written statement that contains a political party's _____. a. organizational structure b. ideas c. core convictions and issue priorities d. strategy plan

c

_____ benefits refer to values or deeply held beliefs that inspire individuals to join a public interest group. a. Iconic b. Material c. Expressive d. Solidarity

c

_____ is a role often filled by lobbyists. a. Running for public office b. Heckling members of Congress into submission c. Taking a position d. Taking advantage of privileges

c

_____ occurs during those periods in which at least one house of Congress is controlled by a party different from the one occupying the White House. a. A check and balance b. A separation of powers c. Divided government d. Party division

c

An interest group is defined as an organization whose goal is to _____. a. influence citizens b. get members elected to office c. disrupt the lawmaking process d. influence government

d

As it relates to political debate, the Greek term agonistic refers to _____. a. the need for everyone to get along b. holding your ground and never compromising c. the rules defining the nature of debate d. a willingness to disagree while respecting the other person's point of view

d

As they relate to political party organizations, the initials "RNC" stand for _____. a. Republican National Conference b. Republican Notoriety Committee c. Republicans Never Commit d. Republican National Committee

d

During the first party system, _____ was more inclined to advocate for a strong national government. a. Thomas Jefferson b. James Madison c. Thomas Payne d. Alexander Hamilton

d

For an interest group to be successful, it must _____. a. inform members about political developments b. communicate members' views to government officials c. mobilize the public d. all of the above

d

Recent polls show that over _____ percent of registered voters identify as independents. a. 55 b. 50 c. 45 d. 40

d

The great debates of the _____ party system featured support for the status quo and business on the one side and pressures for political and economic equality (championed by the Progressive movement) on the other. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

d

The phenomenon referred to as _____ occurs when political parties cause people to accept or reject signals in the media environment. a. censorship b. agenda-setting c. split-ticket voting d. filtering

d

Republican presidential candidates _____ developed a "southern strategy" to win middleclass white votes. a. Nixon and Reagan b. Goldwater and Nixon c. Reagan and George Bush d. Dole and George W. Bush

a

The sixth party system began around _____ and is the era of very close elections. a. 1972 b. 1964 c. 1984 d. 2002

a

The three presidential elections from 1996 to 2004 featured the most intense party competition since the _____. a. 1880s b. 1920s c. 1940s d. 1960s

a

The vast majority of the world's democracies are governed by a _____ system. a. multiparty b. single-party c. two-party d. nonpartisan

a

_____ strongly insisted that new western settlements should be free of slavery (free soil) since slavery's expansion would undermine the people's right to work for themselves (free labor). a. Republicans b. Federalists c. Democrats d. Whigs

a

_____ unhinged party politics, crippling a Republican Party associated with business interests and economic incompetence. a. The Great Depression b. World War I c. Prohibition d. Civil War

a

_____ was president during the New Deal. a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. Theodore Roosevelt c. William McKinley d. Woodrow Wilson

a

_____, representing nearly 40 million Americans, is an example of an interest group. a. AARP b. Lockheed-Martin c. American Israel Public Affairs Committee d. U.S. Chamber of Commerce

a

A meeting of all Democrats or all Republicans in either the House of Representatives or the Senate is commonly known as a party _____. a. manifesto b. caucus c. platform d. grouping

b

People who are more "open" and "agreeable" tend to be strong _____. a. Independents b. Democrats c. Republicans d. Libertarians

b

Strong attachment to one political party, often established at an early age, is known as _____ identification. a. political b. party c. issue d. platform

b

The party's statement of purpose and position on issues is called the _____. a. party statement b. party platform c. party identification d. party agenda

b

_____ are attempts by public officials in one part of the government to influence their counterparts elsewhere—in another branch, or at a different (state or local) level of government. a. Judicial precedent b. Reverse lobbying c. Intergovernmental lobbying d. Bureaucratic rule-making

b

_____ benefits refer to items distributed by public interest groups as incentives to sign up or remain a member. a. Iconic b. Material c. Expressive d. Solidarity

b

_____ in downtown Washington, DC, is home to the headquarters of many lobbying firms and interest groups and is synonymous with interest-group lobbying. a. I Street b. K Street c. M Street d. P Street

b

_____ is an open, participatory style of government in which many different interests are represented. a. Demosclerosis b. Pluralism c. Power elite theory d. Punitive theory

b

_____ refers to taking the side of a party, or espousing a viewpoint that reflects a political party's principles or position on an issue. Often decried by those who wish the parties would work together. a. Favoritism b. Partisanship c. Sectarianism d. Factionalism

b

Political parties have existed in the United States for approximately _____ years. a. 75 b. 150 c. 225 d. 300

c

The Republican Party today draws mainly _____ Americans. a. African b. Asian c. white d. Mexican

c

The _____ was a "hierarchical arrangement of party workers, often organized in an urban area to help integrate immigrants and minority groups into the political system." a. party boss b. national party organization c. party machine d. state party organization

c

A new party system rose up out of the _____ demise and clarified the future of slavery in the United States. a. Federalists' b. Democrats' c. Republicans' d. Whigs'

d

Democratic voters and officeholders tend to be _____ by a three-to-two margin. a. white males b. black females c. men d. women

d

Parties are important agents of _____, transmitting basic lessons about politics and government (the details may differ depending on the party). a. political bipartisanship b. political nonpartisanship c. political institutionalism d. political socialization

d