C-14 Parts 2
general housekeeping and standards
-access doors, aisles, and exit doors clear of obstructions -secure storage areas, will minimize liability and hazards of intrusion or dumping -be familiar with use, limitations, and locations of emergency equipment such as eyewashes, showers, fire alarms, exits and fire extinguishers -be aware of fire code storage requirements for permit and certificates of fitness -MSDS info should be readily available the following areas shall require special consideration: -handling and storage of chemicals, flammable and combustible liquids, and gases -open flame and spark-producing equipment hot work authorization -arrangement and use of portable electrical cords
educational and instructional lab operations: chemical storage and handling
-bulk quantities of chemicals need to be stored in locked room outside of classroom in educational labs -chemicals stored in lab should only be the amount needed for daily use -chemicals stored in lab shall be kept in an appropriate, locked cabinet, except for the amounts actually in use during an individual class session -quantities of chemicals in an instructional lab shall be limited to the lowest level necessary, in no case shall exceed the per-lab unit quantities specified or max allowable quantities specified -dispensing of bulk quantities of chemicals for an experiment needs to be done outside of the classroom -if no separate room, do it in the room before students arrive -the minimum amount of chemicals needed to perform the experiment or demonstration shall be transferred to a small, appropriately labeled, sealable bottle(s) or dropping bottle(s) -bottles of chemicals shall only be open in the classroom while the experiment or demo is being performed
chemical storage and handling: general storage requirment
-chemicals should be stored per manufacturer's recommendations -flammable/combustible material must be stored away from open flame or other ignition sources -don't stack equipment against containers -segregate incompatible materials, do so by hazard category to prevent reactions -organize chemicals first by compatibility -know the characteristic of the material stored and possible interaction with other material stored -no flammable gas is allowed to be stored below grade -safety cans should be considered for storage of flammable solvents instead of gas containers -avoid storing chemicals on the floor, especially chemicals stored in glass containers -if you must store containers of liquid on the floor, it is highly recommended that they should be away from pedestrian traffic and they are in secondary containments to control spills in case any container is accidentally broken -piles of chemicals should be stacked in a secure manner, properly labeled in closed containers -should not store chemicals above eye level -raise drums off floor to prevent corrosion from concrete "sweating" or storage in "wet" areas -storage area should be checked periodically for container integrity, leaks, older stock, faded/missing labels -defective containers shall be promptly removed from service or disposed in an appropriate manner
experiments or demos involving chemicals that are performed outside a fume hood must be performed
-in a location that is at least 10 feet from students OR -behind an impact-resistant plastic or tempered-glass safety shielf shield: 1) shall be at least 24 in high and shall wrap 180 degrees around the hazard (or extend 12in beyond the hazard in both directions) 2) shall be secured to the work surface with bolts or clamps to keep it in place
work areas
-keep work areas clean and free of obstructions -limit amount of hazardous materials needed to minimum -keep process containers covered when not in use -clean surfaces of drips and residues -clean spilled chemicals immediately -dispose of all wastes properly -routinely inspect and address potential sources of leaks and spills -spill control equipment and containment structures should be inspected frequently -code required signage must be provided on the entrances to locations containing hazardous materials -good housekeeping must be maintained to avoid accumulation of combustible dust -do not store/handle/use liquid where liquid may come in contact with electrical receptacle/switch/cord -labs must be arranged so that exist is easily accessible at all times
fume hoods and exhaust systems: general safety
-open slowly -only open sash when needed -chemical fume hoods should be located in areas of minimum air turbulence, will minimize people walking past the hood or irrelevant activities certificate of fitness holder must -make sure that these systems are maintained in good working order -make sure that the face velocity of the chemical fume hood, exhaust systems, and lab special exhaust systems are inspected and tested annually -the physical condition of the hood interior, sash, and ductwork need to be visually inspected if they are clean, dry, tight, and friction free
open flame operations
-portable open flame devices shall be enclosed or used in such a manner as to prevent flame from contacting or igniting combustible material -combustible material shall be kept at least 2 ft away from flame -hoses/tubing connecting gas supply to a torch or bunsen burner shall be in gas-tight, good condition, compatible with gas being used, and rated at least 150% of working pressure -need to check all connections for tightness before use -open flame equipment with gas containers needs to be secured to prevent it from falling over -open flame equipment with gas containers must only be used by teachers or individual students with direct supervision -keep butane cylinders in locked metal cabinets -if open flame operations are performed outside a hood, cannot be under shelves, cabinets, or overhanding equipment -whenever possible, use alternative methods to use of open flames
NFPA Diamond Sign general
-readily recognizable for identifying specific hazards and their severity -severity of health, flammability, and instability (reactivity) hazards -also has special (white) precaution symbol -characterized by diamond shape severity is indicated by numerical rating 0-4 0=minimal hazard 4=severe hazard
certificate of fitness holder must periodically check the labels to make sure
-they are still legible -when not legible and contents cannot be identified, the holder must treat its contents as hazardous waste -the holder must then make arrangements to have the contents of the container disposed of in a safe manner according to the various regulations
biological operations using open flames and flammable liquids
-vol of flammable liquids in use in an open container shall be limited to 0.1 pt or less -container of flammable liquid needs to be glass or metal -container needs to have a tight fitting, slip-on lid to seal the container when not in use or if the flammable liquid catches fire -container of flammable liquids shall be kept at least 12 in away from open flame, as far as possible -combustible material shall be kept at least 2 ft away from open flame and container of flammable liquid flammable liquids and other hazardous materials that are not used for open flame operations-->go in storage
an example of acceptable sign on lab door
1) all required signs are posted in the entrance of the lab 2) the "laboratory--potentially hazardous substances" sign posted in red letters 3) "no smoking" sign is posted 4) "Radioactive," "biohazard," "flammable material" placards are posted
proper management of chemicals that can increase in hazard potential if subjected to long-term storage includes
1) defining those materials present that are time-sensitive 2) defining each time-sensitive material's inspection frequency 3) defining proper or approved inspection methodologies to determine the relative hazard of the time-sensitive material 4) defining pass/fail criteria for inspection results
evaluation before performing chemical reaction must include
1) hazards associated with the properties -reactivity of materials -any intermediate and end products 2) hazards associated with operation of the equipment 3) hazards associated with the proposed reactions -ex: oxidation or polymerization
a sign must be affixed to each hood containing the following information from the last inspection: or a properly maintained log of all hoods providing the following information must be maintained:
1) inspection interval 2) last inspection date 3) average face velocity 4) location of fan that serves hood 5) inspector's name
other prohibitions for labs in schools k-12
1) it shall be unlawful to manufacture or store in a school any: (see picture) 2) no more than 5 gallons of volatile flammable oils derived from petroleum shale oil or coal tar should be stored at any time 3) no more than 25 pounds of potassium and/or sodium chlorate is permitted to be stored
fume hood in new lab
NFPA 45 requires fume hoods to be evaluated using -ASHRAE standard 110 (method of testing performance of laboratory fume hoods) ASHRAE standard 15 indicates that -face velocities of 80-120 fpm will generally provide the required containment however, NFPA 45 does not mention a required sash height that should be used when tested for face velocity new labs are required to: -meet an upper limit of 120 fpm or -pass an ASHRAE 110 test
standpipe system
a fire protection system -designed to provide rapid access to water in the event of a fire -installed as stand alone systems -act like building-specific fire hydrants -most commonly installed in buiding which are tall, large, or highly specialized or in other buildings dry standpipe=consists of a series of pipes which bring water to various points in a building when it is used by fire fighters -pipes are dry and empty usually wet systems="charged," meaning they are always filled with water -water reactive substances may post special risk at locations
National Science Teachers Association (NSTA): hot plates and burners
advocates the use of hot plates instead of gas burners -hot plates in use must not be left unattended -hot plates remain hot after being turned off, caution instructional and educational lab instructors who choose to use bunsen burners should be aware of: -bunsen burners are very common -simple type=only has air regulator -adjustable type also permits gas regulation -tirrill and meker burners, permit adjustments to be made to both the air and gas supply -meker is useful when extremely hot flame is required -to light: strike a match and hold the flame near the barrel of the burner. then turn gas on slowly -when heating test tubes use holder or tongs, do not look into the tube, hold tube at 45 degrees angle to the flame -test tubes should be pyrex or some other heat resistant glass -be familiar with emergency gas shut-off button -gas switch should be turned off when leave room
penalties for non-compliance with fire code
all applicants and certificate holders are required to promptly notify the deparment of any changes in the applicant's or certificate holder's residence address, any change in work location must ensure that all requirements of the fire code and fire department rules are met failure to comply may result in enforcement action, including violations, summonses, and fines
when total cryogenic gas capacity in one fire area exceeds the permit limit of 60 gal
an oxygen sensor equipped with an audible alarm shall be provided in cryogenic gas storage or used in areas to continuously monitor the level of oxygen in the area the alarm shall actuate when oxygen concentration drops below 19.5%
general rule of hazard classes
arabic numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4 higher number=higher hazard roman numerals: I, II, III, IV V V=lowest hazard this used by organic peroxides
ordinary domestic refrigerators
are allowed in labs but are not permitted to store flammable liquids the following signs (picture) shall be posted on all ordinary domestic fridges that are installed in labs:
portable fire extinguisher checks: annually
at least annually all portable fire extinguishers must be checked by a W-96 certificate of fitness holder from FDNY approved company after each annual inspection, the W-96 COF holder will replace the PFE tag -the information of the annual inspection record must be indicated on the new PFE tag
dispensing tools
avoiding splashing or turbulence is also important for reducing ignition opportunity by using -stirring rod -pouring liquids down the side of the container -using squeeze bottles smaller size containers, low flow rates during pouring/filling and good ventilation systems could also reduce the risk pyrophoric liquids dispensed in a chemical fume hood shall be from -sure-seal-type bottles with syringes -or double-tipped needles in accordance with the manufacturer recommendation and nationally established lab safety practices
empty, but not clean, containers should
be handled as having the same hazards as non-empty containers -in some cases, residual vapors are more flammable than liquid
fume hoods operating outside of these ranges would
be required to be -repaired -replaced -or otherwise altered to meet the required range air system flow detectors, if installed, must be inspected and tested annually -where potentially corrosive or obstructive conditions exist, the inspection and test frequency shall be increased
preparation
before an experiment, evaluate -what hazards in experiment (materials, reactivity of the materials, and end products) -info typically found on SDS -evaluate hazards of equipment and the proposed reactions if experiment has explosion potential: -must be conducted in an enclosure that will protect people and property from potential damage -shielding shall be used whenever there is a reasonable probability of explosion or vigorous chemical reaction and associated hazards during -charging -sampling -venting -discharge of products any unattended/automatic lab operations involving hazardous chemicals must be provided with regular surveillance for abnormal conditions
NFPA Diamond Sign colors
blue=health red=flammability yellow=instability or reactivity white=special special hazards in use are: 1) W -indicates unusual reactivity with water -a caution about the use of water in fire fighting or spill control response 2) OX -indicates that the material is an oxidizer
safety procedures
building owners are responsible for providing periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance of the following systems: -utilities -air supply and exhaust -fire protection equipment -detectors and alarms -compressed gas regulators and pressure relief valves -waste disposal systems -fire doors -emergency lighting and exit signs -electrically operated equipment certificate of fitness holder -should be aware of these requirements -if they become aware that any of the above systems is not operational, they shall immediately notify the building owner or other designated building employees to fix the problem
clothing fires:
certificate of fitness holder should know how to respond when an individuals' clothing has caught fire the most important instruction: stop, drop, and roll do not let the person run if the safety shower is near, the use of this shower would also be an effective way to smother the flames if clothing is burnt to skin, do not remove clothes. instead, soak with water, keep cool and seek medical attention
special requirements for chemical fume hood using perchloric acid
chemical fume hood designated for perchloric acid operations must be identified as "FOR PERCHLORIC ACID OPERATIONS" -when it is heated above ambient temp, will give off vapors that can condense to form explosive perchlorates -to decrease potential hazard, heating process must only be used in a chemical fume hood specially designed for perchloric acid operations -or in a hood that the vapors can be trapped and scrubbed before they are released into the hood hood, exhaust ductwork, and fan has to be acid resistant, nonreactive, and impervious to perchloric acid -water spray system will be provided for washing down hood and entire exhaust system
examples of incompatible chemicals
chemicals in right column should not be allowed to come in contact with chemicals in left column MSDS's should be consulted regarding specific incompatibilities when diluting corrosives (especially for strong corrosives) always add the corrosive material to water slowly while stirring -exothermic rxn from the dilution can cause the water to flash to steam -can result in thermal and chemical burns due to splashing
five classes of fires and appropriate extinguishers
class A wood -when ordinary combustible material is ignited ex: wood, cardboard, and most plastic fires water type extinguisher cool the fire while quenching the flame class B gas -occur when flammable liquids (such as gasoline) are ignited must be exstinguised by smothering flame flame may be smothered by -CO2, dry chemical, or foam extinguishers -NOT water-type all labs need minimum fire extinguisher rating of 20-B with max travel distance of 50ft class C fires electric -occur when electrical equipment catches fire -must be fought with fire extinguisers that do not conduct electricity -fire extinguishers for the protection of delicate elctronic chemical extinguishers must be used -NOT water and NOT foam exstinguisher after shutting off the electrical equipment, however -extinguishers for class A or class B fires may be used class D fires combustible materials i.d. magnesium -for metallic pyrophoric material fires do not use water, foam or CO2 as an extinguisher agent -use extinguishers designed for class D ONLY class K fires kitchen -kitchen fires in cooking applicances -fire extinguishers shall be selected from types that are specifically listed and labeled for use on class K fires
fire retardant clothing for using pyrophoric reagents
fire retardant lab coats must be worn by any person -that uses pyrophoric reagents outside the inert atmosphere of a glovebox must also wear natural-fiber clothing under their fire-retardant lab coats and on their legs and feet
storage of class I and class II liquids in refrigerators
flammable liquids stored in refrigerated equipment shall be stored in closed containers protection against the ignition of flammable vapors in refrigerated equipment is available through 2 types of lab refrigerators: 1) explosion-proof model: -designed to protect against ignition of flammable vapors inside and outside the refrigerated compartment 2) flammable liquids storage refrigerator: -the intent is to eliminate vapors inside the storage compartment by sources also within the compartment -its design is intended to control or limit the damage of an exothermic rxn -also designed to reduce the potential for ignition of floor-level vapors
fume hoods are designed for
for use when working with chemicals NOT for the storage of chemicals this prohibition does not apply to -storage of chemicals used in a long term experiment or research -chemicals for which special requirements are requirements are recommended based on the unusually hazardous nature of the chemicals -and any other chemicals approved by the FDNY
it is not the responsibility of the certificate of fitness holder to supervise the maintenance of fire protection systems
however it is important to understand the importance of the systems for overall safety building occupants notify building impairment coordinator if there is an issue
transportation of hazardous materials
if materials need to be transported between diff floors, use of elevator for transport of hazardous materials should be accomplished by the minimum # of people -not encouraged to use stairwells provides the greatest potential for chemical exposure to the building occupants -spills occurring outside storerooms and labs may lead to hazardous concentrations of vapors and gases being distributed throughout the building as a result, chemical quantities outside of storage shall be maintained at the lowest possible level necessary for the work performed class I liquids shall not be transferred from one vessel to another in any exit access corridor the spill scenario shall be limited to less than 5 gal for handling or storing all hazardous chemicals
spill notification
in case of a major spill, certificate of fitness holder must notify the fire department by calling 911
safety data sheets (SDS)
information should be readily available contains info on: -health and physical hazards of the material used -safe work practices and required protective equipment may also provide info on: -material's physical characteristics -procedures that should be taken in case of emergency certificate of fitness holder must refer to SDS when questions arise on how to: -handle, use, or store hazardous chemicals or material SDS may be requested by health care personnel to facilitate proper medical care in the event of a chemical exposure
portable fire extinguisher tags
installed portable fire extinguishers must have a PFE tag affixed this tag will have important info about the extinguishers COF stamp: stamped information of certificate of fitness holder who performed the work HOLOGRAM: real PFE tags will have high quality silver hologram (will be 3in x 1/4in) -counterfeit will not have hologram
educational and instructional lab operations: performance of experiments or demonstrations
instructor needs to conduct a safety briefing before start of each experiment conducted by the students -review the hazards of chemicals used -review PPE required -review of emergency procedures experiments or demos involving open flames, fire, or the use of flammable, reactive or toxic or corrosive chemicals shall be -performed in a location that does not block access to the means of egress from the lab work area experiments or demos involving chemicals that involve or produce hazardous quantities of fumes, vapors, particulates or gases shall be performed in a chemical fume hood or other ventilation device adequate to capture the materials
educational and instructional lab operations: Instructor Responsibilities
instructor shall -be fully familiar with hazard risk assessment -provide a safety briefing to students -ensure that adequate PPE has been provided and is being properly used -ensure that safety barriers are in place between students and demonstration or experiment, prevent injury
fire department permit
is required to maintain or operate a non-production chemical laboratory (in which more than 1 gal of flammable or combustible liquid or 75 SCF of flammable gas are handled, stored, or used) will be issued by the fire commissioner after location is expected and approved the certificate of fitness holder is responsible for -ensuring that all required permits are secured in visible locations -complying with the requirements of the fire code permits last 12 months -any change in occupancy, operation, tenancy, or ownership will require a new permit current permits should be readily available for inspection by FD pre-existing lab permits say "type" new lab permits say "lab size" or "fire rating"
the owner/managing agent/tenant of the premises is required to designate an impairment coordinator for the building
it is important for the impairment coordinator to take immediate steps to notify the FDNY you should know who has been designated at your location
prohibitions
it shall be unlawful in any non-production lab (or any accessory storage of lab chemicals in a storage room) to -use an open flame for heating or distilling any flammable solid, liquid or gas or to store, handle or use any following materials: 1) explosive 2) unclassified detonable organic peroxide 3) detonable pyrophoric material 4) detonable unstable (reactive) material 5) detonable water-reactive material 6) class 4 unstable (reactive) material 7) class 4 oxidizing material 8) below grade any flammable gas
emergency procedures: the certificate of fitness holder must
know the locations of manual fire alarm system and pull stations and portable fire extinguishers and how to operate them in addition to calling 911, you should also activate the fire alarm system manual pull station, in the event of a fire emergency
heating equipment
lab heating equipment (such as ovens, furnaces, environmental chambers, and other heated enclosed surfaces) -shall not be used to heat, store, or test flammable or combustible liquids or aerosols containing flammable gases -unless the equipment is designed or modified to prevent internal explosionn burners, induction heaters, ovens, furnaces, and other heat-producing equipment shall be located a safe distance from areas where temperature-sensitive and flammable materials and compressed gases are handled
alcohol burners
many serious accidents occurred due to alcohol burners NOT PERMITTED
new fire code: laboratory unit hazard classification
modifications of the new fire code were primarily made to -restrict the maximum allowable storage limitations for flammable and combustible liquids (as permitted in NFPA 45) following the new fire code, all non-production labs would be classified as class B or class D
portable fire extinguisher checks: monthly
must be kept in good working order at all times are required to be inspected monthly building owner is responsible to designate a person to perform a monthly inspection -->may or may not be C-14 certificate of fitness holder this monthly inspection is called a "quick check" QUICK CHECK checks if: 1) extinguisher is fully charged 2) it is in a designated place 3) it has not been actuated or tampered with 4) there is no obvious or physical damage or condition to prevent its operation info of inspection must include -date -name of person who did it -documented on the back of the PFE tag
Portable fire extinguishers
must be provided in each lab and storage area must be located where they are visible and readily accessible must be installed so that -the top of the extinguisher is not more than 5ft above the floor -the clearance between the bottom of the extinguisher and the floor is not less than 4 in these are most effective when discharged at the base of a fire -portable ones are important to prevent small fire from growing, but are not intended to fight large or spreading fires -fire commissioner may require other types of extinguishers depending on the nature of the chemicals used in the lab
flammable and combustible liquid storage cabinets
must be provided with a conspicuous label in red letters on a contrasting background which reads: FLAMMABLE-KEEP FIRE AWAY the cabinet doors must be well fitted, self-closing, and equipped with a three-point latch the bottom cabinet shall be liquid-tight to a height of at least 2 inches the combined total quantity of liquids in a cabinet shall not exceed 120 gal installing these cabinets can increase max allowable flammable and combustible liquid quantity stored in a non-production lab however, cannot have more than 3 storage cabinets in a single fire area -unless the additional cabinets (or groups of up to three cabinets) are separated from others or other groups by at least 100 ft
storage room requirements
must have at least a 2-hour fire rating shall be equipped with a continuosly operated ventilation system that provides -at least 6 room air changes per hour electrical devices, equipment, and systems installed in storage rooms in non-production laboratories shall comply with the electrical code requirements for -class I, group D, division 2 locations chemicals shall not be used and all incompatible materials must be separated within the storage room new fire code: capacity shall not exceed -a total volume of 300 gal of chemicals -or a liquid density of 5 gal/ft^2 of floor area -or 2,500 SCF flammable gas
certificate of fitness holder must be familiar with the different types of fire extinguishers
must known how to operate it in a safe and efficient manner must known the difference between the various types and when they should be used
hazard identification signs
need to be affixed on stationary containers and at entrances to locations where hazardous materials are stored, handled, used, or dispensing all labs (including educational) need a sign outside each lab indicating "Laboratory--Caution: Hazardous Materials" (pre-existing had "Laboratory--Potentially Hazardous Substances") -sign needs to be red letters w white background -sign needs to be made out of metal also need warning signs on entrance doors to labs that store or use materials that constitute an unusual or severe fire hazard including -unstable -toxic -radioactive -carcinogenic -pathogenic -water reactive -cryogenic materials "lettered" or "pictured" signs are acceptable to identify the lab as those that store and/or use materials that present an unusual or severe fire hazard
fume hoods made safe through filtration and fed back into the room are
not allowed to be used in NYC although commonly used outside NYC
ventilation and oxygen sensor
occupied labs need 8 room air changes per hour unoccupied labs need 4 per hour if lab exhaust ventilation is out of service, all lab operations involving the handling and use of hazardous materials shall be suspended until the deficiency is corrected -all hazardous materials shall be secured safely or removed from the lab until the deficiency is corrected
baths handling flammable liquids or combustible liquids heated to their flash points shall be
placed in a chemical fume hood or shall be vented to a safe location to control vapors
hazard identification signs pre-existing labs clarification
pre-existing labs (except educational facilities) were required to have -sign on outside of lab that said, "Laboratory--Potentially Hazardous Substances" -sign on entrance doors whenever water reactive, radioactive and/or flammable or poisonous gases (e.g. DOT placards) or biohazards materials (e.g. OSHA sign) were in use new fire department rule requires: -all new labs be provided with sign "Laboratory--Caution: Hazardous Materials" -including educational facilities now -however, old signage is still acceptable
class of flammable and combustible liquids
pre-existing: there are only two categories of flammable and combustible liquids -they are separated by their flashpoint 1) flammable liquids (flash point below 100F) 2) combustible liquids (flash point at or above 100F) however for new fire code -there are 3 classes of flammable liquids -there are 3 classes of combustible liquids defined in table
educational and instructional lab operations: hazard risk assessment
prior to -instructors performing demonstrations -or students conducting experiments using hazardous chemicals a documented hazard risk assessment shall be performed hazard risk assessment is a written document prepared by a qualified person, and shall include: -an evaluation of the hazards of the demonstration or experiment -appropriate personal PPE required -safe work procedures -emergency procedures -waste disposal procedures
operations involving possible vigorous reactions
quantities of reactants shall be limited and procedures shall be developed to control or isolate vigorous or exothermic rxns glass apparatus containing gas or vapors under vacuum or above ambient pressure shall be -shielded, wrapped w tape, or otherwise protected from shattering during use flammable gases or vapors evolved during drying operations shall be -condensed, trapped, or vented to avoid ignition
fume hood in pre-existing labs
required to provide -a minimum average face velocity of 100ft/min (fpm) -a minimum face velocity 75 fpm (no less at any point) no max face velocity or sash test height criteria was adopted, although nationally recognized standards did recognize fume hoods -with max face velocity limits ranging from 120-150 fpm -with sash heights in the 12-18 range as acceptable pre-existing fume hood installations are required to: -meet an average face velocity of 80-150 fpm -at a sash height range of 12-18 inches (for the sake of uniformity and to meet NFPA 45 requirements)
no smoking sign
required. even if institutions prohibit smoking signs shall be provided in english as a primary language will be posted: 1) in rooms or areas where hazardous materials are stored or used 2) within 25 feet of outdoor hazardous material storage, handling and use areas, including dispensing areas 3) facilities or areas within facilities in which smoking has been entirely prohibited fire department has published an approved "no smoking" sign HOWEVER, does not mandate that this design be used other legible, durable signs, clearly communicating the "no smoking" requirement may be used (subject to fire department enforcement action if found to be inadequate)
dispensing class I liquids into or from containers
shall be performed either in a separate area outdoors or inside liquid storage areas specifically designed and protected for dispensing class I flammable liquids however, if the amount is less than or equal to 5 gal in capacity -it can also be performed in a chemical fume hood or in an area provided with ventilation adequate to -prevent accumulation of flammable vapor from exceeding 35% of the lower flammable limit
separation of incompatible materials
shall be separated while in storage -except for stored materials in individual containers each having capacity 5 pounds or 0.5 gal or less shall be accomplished by: -segregation by a distance of at least 20 ft OR -storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storage cabinet (not in the same cabinet) -incompatible materials shall not be stored in same cabinet OR -storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures (in accordance w Fire Code) -incompatible materials shall not be stored in same gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure OR -isolating incompatible materials in storage by a noncombustible partition (extending at least 18in above and to the sides of the material)
heating and distilling operations
solvent stills are used to produce dry, oxygen free, high purity solvents -reccommeded to avoid the presence of unstable components in the still pot and to avoid overheating separation techniques (such as filtrations, extractions sublimations, etc.) that involve flammable or combustible materials shall -be protected from ignition sources -be provided with ventilation that prevents accumulation of an ignitable conc of vapors in work area
storage chemical specifics
storage shall be maintained 2 ft or more below the ceiling in areas of buildings not protected by a sprinkler system or a minimum of 18 inches below sprinkler head deflectors in areas protected by a sprinkler system under new fire code: -no class I liquids, or flammable solids can be stored below ground level -class II and class IIIA liquids are only allowed in below grade areas provided the areas are sprinklered
marking to indicate extinguisher suitability according to class of fire
symbols may also be painted on the extinguisher symbol with shaded background and slash indicates that the extinguisher must not be used for that type of fire
class B laboratories
the new fire code allows substantially increased flammable and combustible liquid densities (more gallons per square foot) but mirrors the maximum 30 gallon limit set forth in the old rule
class D laboratories
the new fire code keeps flammable and combustible liquid densities (in gallons per square foot) to a minimum while potentially allowing for up to 200 gallons of flammable and combustible liquids
pre-existing laboratory: laboratory unit hazard classification
there are 4 types of labs classified according to their 1) fire rating 2) whether or not an automatic sprinkler system is installed the four classifications are shown in the table
containers used to store chemicals must be clearly labeled
these labels must indicate the container's contents containers of materials that might become hazardous during prolonged storage shall be -dated when first opened -dated when received into the lab chemical inventory such materials shall be properly managed and disposed of according to the expiration date and recommendations on the label and safety data sheets
pressurized liquid dispensing containers
used for flammable and combustible liquids -shall be listed or labeled for their intended use by a nationally recognized testing lab -non-metallic containers larger than 1 gal must not be used -containers shall be pressurized only with nitrogen or inert gas, air shall not be used prior to pressuring, all fittings and connections shall be secture
waste, handling and disposal
waste chemicals shall not be combined or mixed with other waste chemicals unless they have been evaluated for compatibility by a qualified person chemical waste containers need to be labeled in accordance with regulations of NYS department of enviro conservation all waste quantities must be included in the maximum allowable quantity for the lab unit all hazardous waste shall be stored, handled or disposed of according to federal, state, and local regulations
safety showers, neutralizing or absorbing agents and curtains
where more than 5 gal of corrosive or flammable liquids are stored, handled or used -safety shower needed in lab or outside lab within 25 feet of lab/storage room entrance door -safety showers need to be annually tested -a record of testing must be maintained on premise additionally, neutralizing or absorbing agents shall be provided curtains and drapes in labs must be "flame proof" (chemically treated) or "inherently flame resistant"