c-21 ethnicity

A nurse is explaining the concept of being culturally competent to another nurse. What are the components of cultural competence? Select all that apply.

Cultural competence refers to the complex integration of an individual's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, skills, and encounters with those of persons from different cultures.

Which initial action should the nurse take to provide effective cultural care in a community setting?

A community setting will have patients from diverse cultures and socioeconomic levels. Acquiring knowledge about a community's culture begins by conducting a careful assessment of patients and their families in their own environment. Observing socialization patterns will help the nurse to understand only the social element of culture, and will not help to provide culturally congruent care. Using theoretical frameworks of transcultural care helps to develop culturally congruent care plans; however, it will not help to understand the patient's concerns in a community. Obtaining knowledge of different cultures is not enough for providing effective care. The nurse should also evaluate other factors like community resources, socioeconomic problems, and psychological factors.

While caring for an extremely thin Muslim patient, a nurse plans a diet regimen. Which food items should likely be avoided in the diet plan? Select all that apply.

Bacon is made of pig meat and marshmallows contain gelatin which is a pork by-product. Each of these foods are prohibited (Haraam) by Muslims. Lobsters, green leafy vegetables, and cod liver oil all are acceptable for consumption by Muslims.

A patient comes to a rheumatology clinic for pain in her knees due to osteoarthritis. The orthopedic surgeon advises her to undergo a knee replacement surgery. The patient practices Buddhism. Which patient statement reflects her religious beliefs? Select all that apply.

Buddhists accept modern medical science and believe that health is an integral part of life. Buddhists prefer not to visit hospitals and refuse treatments on Holy Days. They believe that non-human spirits invade the body and cause illness. There is no indication that Buddhists would refuse conventional treatments in favor of alternative treatments. Muslims, rather than Buddhists, are likely to request female practitioners if they are female.

A nurse is assessing patients with different cultural backgrounds. What actions should the nurse perform to obtain a systematic cultural assessment? Select all that apply.

Cultural assessment is time consuming and establishing trusting relations with the patient is helpful. Using open-ended and focused questions can encourage patients to provide information about their cultural values. Gathering background demographic knowledge of patient's culture can help in cultural assessment. Understanding patient's beliefs about healthcare is an important part of cultural assessment. Obtaining information about economic backgrounds is not much relevant to cultural assessment.

The nurse is learning about the impact of different cultures on nursing. What are the benefits of a culturally congruent care? Select all that apply.

Culturally congruent nursing refers to a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across human groups. It helps the nurse to identify the needs of a patient who belongs to a different culture. Culturally-congruent nursing would help a nurse to identify the similarities and differences in various patients across different cultures. It also helps a nurse to meet the healthcare expectations of patients who belong to different cultures. Culturally-congruent nursing does not help the nurses to interact with people in different languages. Cultural practices in the form of remedies for different condition are not to be delivered to the patient by the nurse.

A patient is admitted to the hospital. What characteristics would help the nurse identify the ethnicity of the patient? Select all that apply.

Ethnicity refers to a shared identity relative to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics. Members of an ethnic group feel a common sense of identity. Personal beliefs, political orientation, and socioeconomic status do not describe ethnicity.

The nurse suspects that a patient has developed a rash due to an allergic reaction. However, the nurse is unable to confirm the rash because the patient has darker-toned skin. Which action should the nurse take?

It is difficult to perform a skin examination on a dark-skinned patient, because it is difficult to identify some types of rashes. Therefore, the nurse should establish a baseline skin color by assessing the patient in direct sunlight. Assessing for other symptoms of allergy will not help to confirm the presence of a rash. Asking a colleague to assess the patient is ineffective if the colleague is also unable to assess a dark-skinned patient. Rashes are not normally seen on the tongue and the nailbeds. These areas are more useful to determine oxygenation in a dark-skinned patient.

A nurse is caring for a 50-year-old Hindu Asian male patient who is hospitalized following an incidence of high blood pressure. She reviews the data and concludes that there are some conflicts between the patients' healthcare needs and his healthcare practices. His cultural practices do not help him to maintain normal blood pressure and manage his diabetes. How should the nurse implement culturally congruent care? Select all that apply.

The nurse may be able to negotiate a change in the patient's cultural practices to promote a desirable health outcome. The plan should preserve the patient's cultural care values but still modify his lifestyle. This would help him reduce the conflicts between his healthcare needs and his practices. A standard care plan does not address cultural differences among patients. Insisting that the patient change all of his cultural practices likewise does not help the patient to honor his culture while improving his health. STUDY TIP: Enhance your organizational skills by developing a checklist and creating ways to improve your ability to retain information, such as using index cards with essential data, which are easy to carry and review whenever you have a spare moment.

A nurse attends to an Asian male patient at a clinic, and he is joined by his family. She is developing a transcultural care plan for him that identifies both with his native and American culture. Which nursing actions are required for providing culturally congruent care? Select all that apply.

The patient who identifies with both his native and American culture has obtained biculturalism. The goal of transcultural nursing is culturally congruent care. Obtaining the patients' health beliefs and self-examination of one's own culture helps in delivering culturally congruent care. The nurse should also develop the skills of assessing cultural and biophysical factors that influence treatments and care for the patient. It is important to engage in cross-cultural learning. Working in another culture and learning about cultural differences is beneficial for the patients' health, but the practice should not be limited to the patient's culture. STUDY TIP: Avoid planning other activities that will add stress to your life between now and the time you take the licensure examination. Enough will happen spontaneously; do not plan to add to it.

Which actions does the transcultural nurse take to improve culturally congruent care? Select all that apply.

Transcultural nursing focuses on the different health care practices that are seen in patients from different cultures. The nurse understands the benefits of these practices and includes them in the care plan. The nurse studies the cultural care symbols and meanings to prevent misunderstanding. The nurse uses the "emic" perspective to understand the patient's health concerns as related to the family. The nurse identifies cultures that are neglected or misunderstood to improve care and serve them better. The nurse uses the "etic" perspective or the professional view to discover health concerns.