c464 6.3.21 unit 5
According to the section on critical listening, when listening to a political message and feeling distracted, what question can you ask yourself to more deeply engage with it? "Do I have animosity or negative feelings toward the speaker?" "Do I have a basic interest in this message and curiosity to elaborate?" "Is the volume and/or format of the message distracting me?" "Is my emotional state affecting my ability to listen to this message?"
"Do I have a basic interest in this message and curiosity to elaborate?" Both interest in a message and a curiosity to elaborate further in thought are mentioned as key to critical listening/thinking.
Which of the following shows a difference between the denotative and connotative meanings of a word? "Muggle" is a word that has no real meaning except for people familiar with the Harry Potter world where it describes a person who is not magical. "Elder" is a person of advanced age (respect your elders) but also describes the relationship between someone who is older than someone else (an elder brother). "Glamour" meant confusion caused by enchantment or witchcraft but now means beauty and allure.
"Muggle" is a word that has no real meaning except for people familiar with the Harry Potter world where it describes a person who is not magical. There is a significant difference between the meaning of the word for a subset of people and the way everyone else would understand the word.
critical thinking
1) assessing other communicator, the context, and the message 2) producing a reasoned conclusion about the ideas assess accuracy. relevance. viability. meaning. useful. when message perceived as highly relevant, we are interested and curious. leading to assessing careful meaning if ample time and modivation
4 reasons listening is important
1) helps gather information 2) competent listeners = better evaluators 3) listening helps us relax 4) contributes to health of relationships
4 effective listening strategies
1) plan and organize your content. 2) consider apropriate medium 3)design the message w/ receivers in mind 4) be aware of outcomes
Imagine a cooking instructor who tells a class to cook their pasta just to al dente. Which of the following would be the BEST way to make that abstract term more concrete? Think of the best meal you have had in the best Italian restaurant you have been to. The pasta there was cooked al dente. Try to match that. Al dente pasta has had most of its free starch extracted, so that the texture is perfect and the reserved water can be used to thicken a sauce or reheat the noodles properly. Al dente pasta should offer a bit of resistance and chewiness when you bite into it, but there should be no crunchiness in the middle. Al dente pasta is when your noodles are not overdone, and not underdone, but cooked just right.
Al dente pasta should offer a bit of resistance and chewiness when you bite into it, but there should be no crunchiness in the middle. This takes an abstract concept and gives it a much more concrete definition.
Which of the following BEST illustrates checking self-talk? After Jessica spills wine on her friend Soon-Yi's dress, she never speaks to Soon-Yi again, convinced she hates her now. When Beth's friend Amy takes her shopping and suggests she change up her style, Beth is humiliated that Amy thinks she's ugly. Stephanie, after a disappointing finish in a race, convinces herself that she's a poor runner and needs to try another sport. Although Peter is annoyed when his roommate Lon confronts him about chores, he realizes that he does need to make some changes.
Although Peter is annoyed when his roommate Lon confronts him about chores, he realizes that he does need to make some changes. Peter resists getting defensive and resolves to be proactive about his problem.
Which of the following demonstrates the inappropriate use of technical jargon? Telling someone with an ice cream headache to press his or her tongue to the roof of his or her mouth to rewarm the blood vessels there and relieve pressure A salesperson telling a customer that cast iron gets seasoned by coating the surface with oil and then heating it until it bonds with the cast iron itself An auto mechanic explaining to a customer that the flywheel is out of alignment, the ignition timing is three degrees off, and the OBD2 board needs replacing A coach explaining to an experienced basketball player the role of the two guards in the triangle offense
An auto mechanic explaining to a customer that the flywheel is out of alignment, the ignition timing is three degrees off, and the OBD2 board needs replacing The technical jargon here is likely to confuse anyone without substantial experience working with auto repair.
It is Friday night. Bob texts his friend Kevin to see if he wants to go out on the town. Kevin responds that he would like to "kvatcexp." What needs to happen before Bob can respond? Bob needs to learn the denotative meaning of "kvatcexp." Bob needs to understand the connotative meaning of "kvatcexp." Bob needs to utilize metaphorical language to understand what "kvatcexp" means. Bob needs to find a new friend, someone who doesn't speak Klingon.
Bob needs to learn the denotative meaning of "kvatcexp." A word is simply a combination of a collection of letters that have had meaning arbitrarily assigned that everyone agrees on.
According to O'Keefe (2009) and Petty & Cacioppo (1986), in which of the following situations is Bronson less likely to critically listen to Ming Na? Bronson and Ming Na are in one of Bronson's classes. Bronson finds Ming Na's message to be useful. Ming Na is talking about a subject Bronson finds controversial. Bronson finds Ming Na to be very physically attractive.
Bronson finds Ming Na to be very physically attractive. Research shows that communicators will be less likely to critically listen when the message comes from an attractive source.
Which of the following is the BEST example of self-concept influencing the ability to listen in an interpersonal encounter? Tina was in a toxic relationship, and now she frequently hears compliments as disguised attacks. Caitlin won't listen to anything Lynne says because she dislikes Lynne's Democratic politics. Fred is careful to use "I" instead of "you" messages to avoid defensive responses. When Jon's boss delivers criticism on a project, Jon listens carefully to understand how to fix the mistakes.
Caitlin won't listen to anything Lynne says because she dislikes Lynne's Democratic politics.
Suppose someone argues that there is no such thing as a police brutality problem in America and makes the following claims: "Everyone knows" that police everywhere are the people who are in danger on a daily basis; the liberal media has exaggerated the number of civilians hurt and killed to sell the news; experts agree that thugs and communist agitators egg on and harass the police. In this case, what critical listening strategy would be most useful? Assess the situation in which this conversation unfolds. Try to put yourself in this individual's position. Consider the credibility of this individual. Consider this individual's ideas and evidence.
Consider this individual's ideas and evidence. you should systematically and rationally critique this individual's claims and reasoning
Which of the following is the BEST example of choosing an appropriate medium for a message? Deborah delivers an important presentation in the conference room rather than the hot auditorium. Tom posts on his daughter's Facebook wall that her mother has terminal cancer. Stan breaks up with Alison over text message. Vic has his assistant tell Kristine that she's about to be fired.
Deborah delivers an important presentation in the conference room rather than the hot auditorium.
Which of the strategies listed is NOT considered key in the process to help receivers listen effectively? Plan and organize your content to the greatest extent possible. Consider the appropriate medium for the message. Design the message with the sender in mind. Be aware of the range of possible outcomes from your message.
Design the message with the RECEIVER in mind. Effective communicators make listening easier for receivers when they consider things like what words they will understand, gestures or phrases that may be culturally inappropriate, or what issues and topics may arouse suspicion or defensiveness.
Jake teaches music and leads the school's jazz band. He is highly regarded in his field and many of his students have gone on to have careers in music. He has become frustrated, however, with his inability to get through to Marcus, a student in whom he sees a lot potential. Whenever he instructs Marcus, either in class or individually, Marcus hangs his head, fidgets, or gets so nervous that he looks to be on the verge of tears. Which of the following strategies is most likely to increase the efficacy of Jake's message? Imagined interaction. Jake's messages are poorly planned. Reconsider the medium. Face-to-face communication might not be the best approach here. Design the message with the receiver in mind. Jake's style does not resonate with Mark. Be aware of the possible outcomes. Marcus is misconstruing Jake's message due to the manner of delivery.
Design the message with the receiver in mind. Jake's style does not resonate with Mark. Jake should consider redesigning his messages with Mark's personality and unique needs in mind.
preoccupation or psychological noise
Distractions due to one over-focusing on a single task, thought or message that inhibits effective listening self involved people are poor listeners. they redirect convo to themselves as they see themselves as center of attention. toxic and effects interactions.
Why is listening well an important element of mediated communication? It is too distracting to effectively listen to media and, therefore, impossible. There is so much information out there, so we must listen carefully to take it all in. Due to the vast amount of mediated information, we must listen carefully and make judgments. Given the problem of information overload, practicing effective listening to media is futile.
Due to the vast amount of mediated information, we must listen carefully and make judgments. Although overwhelming, it is important to listen carefully to media to decide how to act.
Though it was difficult for Marc to hear what Diane said about his listening behavior, he asked Diane to help him be a better listener. As she considered this request from Marc, Diane wondered what she could do to help Marc be a better listener. She knew that designing her message with Marc in mind would be a good place to start. Which of the following choices will NOT support Diane's goal to design her messages with Marc in mind? Use words Marc will understand. Consider what gestures will best support Marc's connection to the message. Present only topics that will not arouse suspicion or defensiveness. Encourage Marc to decide where and when they talk so he feels comfortable.
Encourage Marc to decide where and when they talk so he feels comfortable. Marc should not be the only one deciding where and when to talk. Both he and Diane should determine this.
Which of these is an example of identity affecting a speaker's ability to be understood? Kate, who feels as if she is fat, is hurt when classmates point out how much she's eating. Kasey, who uses a wheelchair, is frustrated when people call him disabled. Hamid, a Muslim, is careful to distance himself from terrorism when talking to his Christian friends. Sam, who is a Republican, often feels like she doesn't understand where her liberal friends are coming from.
Hamid, a Muslim, is careful to distance himself from terrorism when talking to his Christian friends. Hamid understands that he has to be sensitive to the possible biases or ignorance of others when discussing certain topics.
To minimize the contextual listening barriers to an interaction, which of the following would be ideal? Register for courses with difficult material to force you to pay attention and listen. Expect to take in all the information at one time so you can prepare to listen the one time. Ensure plenty of other people are around in case you have questions so you can get the answers quickly. Invite a friend over for coffee to talk about a complaint you have.
Invite a friend over for coffee to talk about a complaint you have. Talking in a quiet and safe environment will likely support effective listening.
Kim invites her new friend Joan to go biking. Which of the following BEST illustrates positive self-talk influencing Joan's response? Joan declines because she has to work that day. Joan accepts, although she's annoyed that it will be so hot that day. Joan declines, fearing that Kim will make fun of her clumsiness. Joan accepts, and she is pleased that Kim wants to build the friendship.
Joan accepts, and she is pleased that Kim wants to build the friendship. Joan has told herself that Kim likes her.
Which of the following BEST illustrates checking to see whether your responses are rational, or emotional? Shawn's new girlfriend tells him that due to her new job she has to stay off Facebook for a week. Shawn is nervous that she's about to break up with him, and asks her what he did. Gloria's boss, Mary Jane, is rude and terse on Monday morning. Although it was approved, Gloria is terrified that her Friday report was bad, and she's about to be fired. Lauren's teenage daughter Catrina storms into her room after school, shouting, "Leave me alone!" at her mom. Although hurt, Lauren asks Catrina what happened at school. Shonda's ex, Frank, is being friendly to her when they are arranging their son's weekly visitation. Shonda is excited that Frank wants to reconcile.
Lauren's teenage daughter Catrina storms into her room after school, shouting, "Leave me alone!" at her mom. Although hurt, Lauren asks Catrina what happened at school. Before assuming that Catrina is upset at her, Lauren assesses the situation and checks for external factors.
When the messenger is perceived as humorous or attractive, receivers are more likely to do which of the following? Be persuaded to change beliefs, opinions, or actions Become interested and curious in the message Listen passively and not think critically about the message Reject the ideas being presented
Listen passively and not think critically about the message We will be less likely to critically listen and think if messenger is perceived as humorous or attractive.
While listening to the evening news, Marcia found it difficult to make sense of the vast amount of and multi-layered information the two commentators were presenting related to a local community issue that had state implications. Which of the following contextual barriers is preventing Marcia from listening effectively? Physical Noise Message Complexity Communication Overload
Message complexity is connected to a message that is detailed or characterized by a number of arguments and related evidence might be difficult to follow and comprehend.
Which of the following are you MOST trying to avoid by critically listening to and thinking about communication? Supporting the messages of simplistic advertisements Being persuaded to do something you don't want to do Supporting the messages of unethical politicians Passively taking in messages that don't impact or interest us
Passively taking in messages that don't impact or interest us We critically engage in communication in order to actively participate with the messages we interact with
If you deploy the strategy of tuning in and assessing the context of communication, what are you doing? Determining if the messenger is only motivated by his or her desire to change the listener's mind Focusing closely on the reasoning, evidence, and sources that inform his or her general ideas and claims Considering the messenger's credibility, integrity, and general goodwill to listeners Paying attention to the specific situation, the place, the person(s), and the details of the message as it unfolds
Paying attention to the specific situation, the place, the person(s), and the details of the message as it unfolds Assessing the context of communication includes recognizing the time, place, identities, and details.
Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the connection between self-talk and listening? Positive self-talk is limited in helping us to deal with criticism and teasing. Self-talk might result in an increased willingness to make changes in how we work or relate to others. Positive self-statements should help us approach what might be a stressful, intimidating situation with confidence. Negative self-statements will likely contribute to our feelings of insecurity and our anxiousness.
Positive self-talk WILL in helping us to deal with criticism and teasing.
Which of the following responses illustrates effective, positive feedback? Saying "I understand you are unsatisfied here. It sounds like moving your office would solve the problem." Trying to feel what he or she is feeling Ignoring the person to send a message that he or she is boring the listener Sitting up straight and taking a drink of water
Saying "I understand you are unsatisfied here. It sounds like moving your office would solve the problem."
Which of the following BEST illustrates a competent communicator carefully monitoring self-talk? Anan goes to his father to borrow money. Knowing he will say no, Anan delivers his request in a sheepish tone. Shari goes to the bank to apply for a small business loan. Although her credit isn't perfect, she has thought of various ways to state her case. Bill and Jessica have been dating for a year. She's convinced he's going to propose at dinner that night, but when he suggests they see other people, she's speechless. Leon considers inviting some coworkers over for a party. But he convinces himself that they won't drive across town, and only invites his old buddies as usual.
Shari goes to the bank to apply for a small business loan. Although her credit isn't perfect, she has thought of various ways to state her case. Rather than being defeatist, Shari has strategized on how to best state her case.
Which of the following is the BEST example of self-esteem impacting how a listener receives a message? Don has a hard time listening when people use a sarcastic tone because it reminds him of his abusive father. Fred is confident about his athletic ability, and has no problem congratulating others if they best him at a sport. Stacy is confident about her intellect, so she hears all criticism about her writing as constructive. Jane is insecure about her acne, and thus avoids all conversations about skin conditions.
Stacy is confident about her intellect, so she hears all criticism about her writing as constructive.
What aspect of their relationship might be preventing Lorelei from critically listening to Thomas when they communicate? Lorelei is too proud of herself as a loyal, supportive good friend. Thomas has been intentionally manipulating Lorelei for pity and understanding. Thomas has had too unhealthy and unfortunate of an upbringing to be helped. Thomas and his friendship have made Lorelei easily accept his messages.
Thomas and his friendship have made Lorelei easily accept his messages. Attractive or familiar messengers or communicators can lead individuals to passively accept messages.
As Marc is talking to Diane, she is saying to herself, "I cannot be the person he needs me to be"; "I am not that good at being patient with others." What should Diane do about these internal messages? Nothing. Tell Marc. Understand that they are real and that they influence her listening process. Stop having these negative thoughts.
Understand that they are real and that they influence her listening process. With a better understanding and acceptance of the influence of self-talk to the listening process, Diane has an opportunity to adapt her self-talk.
Which of the following is an example of a euphemism that obscures meaning? Using "ladies' room" in place of "toilet" Saying "they're sleeping together" to explain that two people are having a sexual relationship Saying someone "dropped the f-bomb" to describe a particular use of vulgar language Using "gone to a better place" to say that someone has died
Using "gone to a better place" to say that someone has died This euphemism runs the risk of confusion. Someone who has gone to a better place might just have moved to the beach.
Which of the following MOST likely represents a speaker using a god term? The country can't afford health care without raising taxes on the wealthy, which is a Communist policy. We have to act now to preserve our freedom! The tax policy is likely to slow down our economic growth. Voter turnout is important so as many people as possible have their voices heard in government.
We have to act now to preserve our freedom! Freedom is a powerful concept, one that is likely to trigger a positive emotional reaction from almost any audience.
Which of the following is an example of negative self-talk affecting listening? While Jane's boss praises Jane's work ethic, she mentions that Jane's a little quiet during meetings. Jane immediately thinks, "My mom was right that I'm mousy and too shy." When Kandace tells herself, "I'm such a klutz. I should give up now, and everyone is laughing at me" after falling on a ski slope When Matt asks Lisa to a party, and she doesn't convey her enthusiasm because she's too worried about what her parents would think of Matt When Theo tells himself, "I'm a loser and she won't want to go out with me," resulting in his projecting insecurity when asking a girl out
While Jane's boss praises Jane's work ethic, she mentions that Jane's a little quiet during meetings. Jane immediately thinks, "My mom was right that I'm mousy and too shy." Jane only listened to the negative part of the feedback filtered through her negative self-talk.
Which of the following messages is BEST designed with the receivers in mind? While on the campaign trail on a military base, Sarah is careful to mention the sacrifices of veterans. Elizabeth, a school counselor, tells Andy's parents that he's not smart enough for the gifted and talented program. Hillary, a union steward, tells her members that accepting their wage cuts is the best thing for the stock market. Franz, a police captain, lectures his squad on their ignorance in racial profiling.
While on the campaign trail on a military base, Sarah is careful to mention the sacrifices of veterans.
Which of the following is NOT true of verbal communication? Words have settled and concrete meanings. Language provides a window into understanding culture. Verbal communication is composed of symbols. Language is connected to thought.
Words have settled and concrete meanings. The meanings of words change to adapt to new needs and usages.
The use of the term "family values" to label some politicians or policies powerful abstract connotative and denotative
abstract The function of this term comes from its flexibility and the variety of meanings an audience can attach to it.
consider apropriate medium
apropriate medium = accurate meaning text. email. social media popular but limit info to receivers may not provide full range of cues receiver needs to listen/decode message
Carla is on a first date with Chad when he says that he thinks all income taxes should be eliminated and sales taxes should be increased to give people more control over how much tax they pay. Carla asks if he thinks sales taxes on food should go up, since people have to eat and for people with lower incomes, the same amount of tax would make up a much larger percentage of their income. assess other communicators ideas tune in and assess the content consider the sources credibility
assess other communicators ideas Carla is carefully listening for the evidence, accuracy, and support in Chad's communication
critical thinking competence
assessing communicator. the context. the message. tune in. assess ideas. consider credibility.
In today's lecture, you will learn how to build a birdhouse. I will show you a variety of designs and explain the benefits of each before you begin to build your own. select the verbal strategy that the speaker could employ to more effectively deliver the message. avoid empty or bloated select the right level of abstraction limit use of technical jargon be verbally immediate speak in ways that verbally attract people rather than alienate them
be verbally immediate The speaker is using a lot of "I" and "you" rather than "we" and "us," which creates distance from the audience.
bias/judgement
biases impede efforts to communicate well. not easy to separate feelings about commentator religion. sex. political. can predispose you to attitudes toward a message ethnic slur. dirty joke mite impede listener
sender-receiver reciprocity
both sender/receiver share task to listening effectively both communicators send/receive messages and adapt to feedback.
poor listening habits
calling subject un-interesting criticizing speaker/delivery getting overstimulated. listening only for facts (the bottom line) not taking notes or outlining. faking attention. tolerating either or creating distractions tuning out difficult material letting emotional words block the message
Andrew had a particularly difficult interaction with one of his professors. He left her office agitated and angry. However, when Andrew thought more deeply about the situation, he realized that her suggestions for improving his performance in the class were well-intended, and that the real problem for him was that the professor's suggestions brought up upsetting memories of his harshly critical parents during his childhood. what is the corrective action needed? check to see whether your responses are rational or emotional check your perception further check self talk
check self talk Checking self-talk is a useful corrective action to try and figure out why you are responding to the communicator in the way that you are.
Marc told Diane that he was going to shut off his phone until he was finished with an important project. Diane, who then felt abandoned by Marc and feared the worst, would have been well-advised to give herself a reality check: Marc just needed to finish his work. what is the corrective action needed? check to see whether your responses are rational or emotional check your perception further check self talk
check to see whether your responses are rational or emotional Waiting before you react to make sure that you are not making a snap decision based on emotion is the correct action here.
Trish noticed that Aaron had been rather cool and distant toward her for the past few days, and she thought, "Here we go again—he is mad at me." In reality, Aaron was worried about his father's impending health test results, and, in an effort to avoid unloading negative talk on Trish, he had not shared his concerns with her. Rather than assuming the worst, Trish talked to Aaron, and they were able to work through the problem. what is the corrective action needed? check to see whether your responses are rational or emotional check your perception further check self talk
check your perception further When we make assumptions, we are often not accurate and this can lead to ineffective interactions. Checking our perceptions of a situation is a more healthy process.
language
collection of words that are symbolic w/ arbitrary meanings governed by rules
consider credibility
communicators competence. trustworthiness. degree of perceived caring toward other communicators claims is individual qualified to make claims? experience? is person honest? history of honesty and trustworthiness? do they seem to have my best interests in mind? do they care about me and my best possible outcome?
The choice a news reporter makes to describe a public advocacy event as either a protest or a demonstration abstract powerful connotative and denotative
connotative and denotative That choice depends on the connotation assigned to each of those words. Their denotative meanings are not that different, but the connotation attached to "protest" is generally more negative.
Carlos is at the mall when a young man approaches him asking if he has ever tried a protein shake from the nutritional store located in the same mall. The young man promises that the shake will improve Carlos' workouts, building more muscle while helping control hunger, and tells him that the shake is on sale for the next hour so he should hurry and buy some. Carlos thinks the young man looks familiar, and asks if he works at the nutritional store. It turns out that he does work there and his approaching people in the mall is part of the store's marketing plan. assess other communicators ideas tune in and assess the content consider the sources credibility
consider the sources credibility Through critical listening Carlos has discovered a hidden reason why the young man might promote this product.
connotative meanings
context meaning that we associate w/ words. meanings have value beyond commonly agreed upon definition
tune in
critical thought and listening involve a heightened awareness of situations where communication happens
young denotative vs connotative
denotative "young" = youth, early stages of life connotative "young" = judgement. inexperienced. higher value placed on age
better evaluators
distinguish info thats credible. trustworthy. useful. from info that is NOT useful strong listening skills help us screen/filter and evaluate to make well informed decisions.
negative self-talk corrective actions
distorts what you hear and how you respond. 1) check if your responses are rational or emotional 2) check your perception further. careful of misunderstanding 3)check self-talk. try to figure why your responding that way
listening competence
effective listening essential in strengthening IPR to understand = to listen
__________ involves the ability to perceive another's messages through his or her worldview and experiences. Empathy Sympathy Listening Perception
empathy empathy is the skill of "standing in someone else's shoes" as a way of better listening and better understanding of the speaker and his or her message.
carefully assess other communicatiors ideas
evaluate whats said for accuracy, relevance, evidence. do ideas represent speakers personal experience or oppinion? are they facts? are they supported by others? who? is source individuals or a group? are ideas consistent w/ respected experts? or idea you already know? does speaker rely on logical, evidence based proof? or emotional appeal? are they reasonable? or bandwaggon fallacies? namecalling. hasty generalizations. effective critical listeners evaluate validity of ideas
message complexity
good listeners break down info into understandable components. ask questions. clarify statements. complexity effects believeability and how effective we listen.
adaptability competence
how individuals respond. consciously/subconsciously. movement/displays
self talk
internal dialogue. inner voice. commentary on your experiences. determines perceptions. making sense of. some self talk reflects reality, or misinterprets reality influences listening.
irritating listening habits to avoid
interrupting speaker not looking rushing the speaker showing interest in other things besides speaker getting ahead of the speaker by finishing their thoughts not responding to the speaker yes...but thats nothing..... that reminds me..... forgetting what was spoke too many questions.
effective non verbal communication is helpful because
it helps encourage others to communicate. smiling. maintaining eye contact. head nodding. facing. prompts sender to keep talking. shows "value" in message
Speaker: "This past weekend was just a whirlwind... so much happened. Get some coffee, because we are going to be here for a while as I tell you all the details." Listener: "Great. Let me grab something to drink and come sit closer to you so I can pay close attention." what active listening skill? providing feedback practicing empathy paraphrasing listening actively
listening actively Your motivation to be an active listener can easily subside.
competent communication
listening. critical thinking. adaptability. vital in IPR & professional interactions
Marc commented to Diane that she is not listening. He concludes this because Diane just sits there and does not respond. Diane says she is listening and doesn't have to respond all the time to prove that she is listening. Who is more accurate in this scenario? Marc is accurate. Diane is accurate. Both Marc and Diane are accurate. Neither Marc nor Diane is accurate.
marc is accurate Listening is a process of receiving, assigning meaning to, and responding to messages.
imagined interactions
mental rehersal of message in anticipation of a difficult conversation. can be helpful to improve outcome
3 contextual barriers to listening
message complexity communication overload physical noise
Jamile is a student at the local community college. Jamile is paying his way through school with several part-time jobs. Lately, Jamile has been experiencing headaches and is concerned there might be something wrong. Because midterms are coming up, Jamile knows he cannot miss any class sessions. As his friend, what would you suggest to Jamile? multitasking/preoccupation bias/judgement passivity
multitasking/preoccupation
personal reasons that influence listening
multitasking/preoccupation bias/judgement passivity
Which of the following is the most concrete term? Joyous Quality Nauseous Pleasant
nauseous As a specific sensation, nausea is palpable and easily understood by most people.
ranges of outcomes
once message communicated. cannot be uncommunicated. even after apology. attempt to erase misunderstanding. correct factual inaccuracy. lives on in memory of communicators involved diminishes chance of effective listening now & future
plan and organise
organizing content carefully is very important to effective listening. rehersing role in a conversation = heightened cognition imagined interactions. rehearsal in mind.
active listener skills
paraphrase what they hear. provide non verbal feedback practice empathy keep listening actively
As Marc is explaining his feelings to Diane, Diane responds with the following: "I am going to stop you for just a minute to make sure I understand..." Diane has just practiced __________. paraphrasing feedback empathy listening
paraphrasing Paraphrasing involves taking another's message and restating it in your own words.
Speaker: "I would like to come over on Tuesday to clean the house because Friday I am going to the movies." Listener: "Okay, just to be sure I understand your schedule, you are not able to clean the house on Friday, so you will be over on Tuesday?" which active listening skill? providing feedback practicing empathy paraphrasing listening actively
paraphrasing Paraphrasing involves taking another's message and restating it in your own words.
passivity
passively listening is detrimental to comprehension aka pseudo listening. receiving mindlessly w/o exertion. people listen passively when bored. tired. uninterested.
listening is healthy for relationships
people appreciate listening intently. signals your interested and care about them people value listening in workplace. especially those who respond to needs. ideas. suggestions
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
perception of reality is governed by things we think about and what we think, is limited to the language used to describe that thought. language is so powerful, it shapes our reality. different languages perceive very differently
competent communication leads to
positive outcomes increased credibility strong relationships increased productivity
George W. Bush using the term "regime change" beginning in March 2002 to describe his administration's foreign policy goal in Iraq abstract powerful connotative and denotative
powerful The use of the term "regime change" came to define the war in Iraq and became a powerful piece of language that influenced debates about foreign and military policy. Although a relatively simple euphemism, "regime change" was used as a very powerful piece of language.
Speaker: "I feel like my job is too taxing on my relationship and I am likely going to give my notice to quit." Listener: "I can sure appreciate your wanting to support your relationship and not jeopardize it with your long hours and work demands." what active listening skill? providing feedback practicing empathy paraphrasing listening actively
practicing empathy Empathy allows you to deepen your understanding of the other person
Speaker: "I am pretty sure I am going to be taking a semester off this year from school to focus on my health." Listener: "It seems that focusing on your health is a good idea so that you can be in good health when concentrating on your studies." what active listening skill? providing feedback practicing empathy paraphrasing listening actively
providing feedback Listeners can verbally and nonverbally offer feedback to the speaker in a number of other ways.
relax listening
recreational listening; music. tv. interact informally w/ friends. provides break from stresses of life
what effects a persons perception about effectiveness as a communicator
self-esteem. self-concept. self-fulfilling prophecy. can be NEGATIVE or POSITIVE
Both self-concept and our evaluation of ourselves influence __________, or the internal dialogue we have throughout our lives. self-talk interactions listening thoughts
self-talk This inner voice is a sort of running commentary on what we do and experience. Not only does self-talk have an impact on how we feel about ourselves, but it is also an important determinant of how we perceive, make sense of, and respond to everything we hear.
self-concept and self-esteem
self-talk. can be NEGATIVE or POSITIVE based on how you feel about yourself.
verbal communication
sharing of info. using language
multitasking/preoccupation
short/long term memory deficits use brains less effectively than more focused ppl less apt to organize and filter information when focused one thing, were not effective at listening to anything else
gather information
some info more important than other. perception skills. careful execution listening skills help comprehend and retain complex messages.
words
symbols.
denotative vs connotative
synonymous words can have different connotations stubborn/resolute similar denotative, negative connotative below par good in golf, yet subpar is bad connotative
Contextual barriers are the obstacles to listening effectively that stem from features of the situation, including the message itself. TRUE or FALSE? True False
true Contextual barriers to listening are the elements outside of the ACTUAL PEOPLE that influence the effectiveness of the listening process.
strategies to critically listen
tune in and assess content. assess other communicators ideas. consider source credibility
Kayla has been on two dates with Ronald, during which they have both expressed the desire to take a relationship slowly and hold off on the physical component for now. Ronald unexpectedly calls her late one night and says he just wants to chat, but then proceeds to fill the conversation with compliments about how attractive he finds her. Finally, he tells Kayla that he has a really expensive bottle of wine that he would like to bring over to her place for a late-night tasting. assess other communicators ideas tune in and assess the content consider the sources credibility
tune in and assess the content Kayla is focused on listening to the contextual cues in her phone conversation with Ronald.
design message
w/ receivers in mind. effective communicators make listening easier for receivers. words receivers understand. gestures/phrases culturally inapropriate = suspicious / defensive response avoid subtle communication that is culturally inapropriate or defensive. asia no direct eye contact or else no listening africa no talking during meals (offensive)
denotative meanings
words that groups ALL agree on
