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BENEFIT OF THE CLERGY

In the 13th Century, a compromise between the church and the king, wherein any member of the clergy brought to trial in the king's court shall be claimed from the jurisdiction by the bishop or chaplain representing him and placed under the authority of the ecclesiastical court.

13TH CENTURY - SECURING SANCTUARY

In the 13th Century, a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40 days

THE GULAG OF RUSSIA

It is a corrective acronym for corrective labor camp, a penal institution established in 1918 after Russian Revolution. It was the most feared prison during the reign of Joseph Stalin between 1934 to 1947.

PENOLOGY

It is the study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders. It includes the study of control and prevention of crime through punishment of criminal offenders.

5. Elmira Reformatory and Correctional Facility( New York USA) -

Known otherwise as "the Hill" is a maximum security prison, during the Golden Age used parole extensively.

POENA

MEANS PAIN OR SUFFERING

POENALIS

MEANS PUNISHMENT

4. Walnut Street Jail ( Philadelphia) -

Originally constructed as a detention cell, converted into a estate prison and became the first American Penitentiary.

PRESIDIO

PRISON Derived from the Greco-Roman word ____

2. Charles Montesiquieu (Charles Louis Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesiquieu)

- (1689- 1755) A French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice. He believes that harsh punishment would undermine morality and that appealing to moral sentiments as a better means of preventing crime.

VOLTAIRE (Francois Marie Arouet)

- (1694- 1778) He was the most versatile of all philosophers during this period. He believes that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime. He fought the legality-sanctioned practice of torture.

7. Arresto Mayor

- 1 month and 1 day to 6 months

4. Minimum Security Prisoners

- A group of prisoners who can be reasonably trusted to serve sentence under "open conditions". - This group includes prisoners who can be trusted to report to their work assignments without the presence of guards.

1. Super Maximum-Security Prisoners (inapplicable to the Philippine setting)

- A special group of prisoners composed of incorrigible, intractable, and highly dangerous persons who are the source of constant disturbances even in a maximum-security prison. - They wear orange color of uniform.

1. William Penn (1614-1718)

- He fought for religious freedom and individual rights. - He is the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major offenders. - He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty and torture as a form of punishment.

Cesare Bonesa, Marchese de Beccaria (1738-1794)

- He wrote an essay entitled "An Essay on Crimes and Punishment", the most exiting essay on law during this century. It presented the humanistic goal of law. - "let the punishment fit the crime

MUSKETRY

- National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal died due to the alledge rebellion to the Spanish government. Drug lord Lim Seng met his death sentence by firing squad in1973 at Fort Bonifacio during Martial Law.

2. Maximum Security Prisoners

- The group of prisoners whose escape could be dangerous to the public or to the security of the State. - It consists of constant troublemakers but not as dangerous as the super maximum-security prisoners. Their movements are restricted and they are not allowed to work outside the institution but rather assigned to industrial shops within the prison compound.

4. Municipal Prisoners

- Those confined in Municipal Jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day to 6 months. - Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are pending with the MTC.

1. Insular or National Prisoners

- Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment.

3. Medium Security Prisoners

- Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions and pose lesser danger than maximum-security prisoners in case they escape. - They consist of groups of prisoners who may be allowed to work outside the fence or walls of the penal institution under guards or with escorts.

2. The neo-classical school

- classical doctrine is correct, but, it should be modified some details. For children and lunatics cannot calculate the difference between pain and pleasure, They should not be regarded as criminal,hence, exempted from punishment.

HULKS

- decrepit transport, former warships used to house prisoners in the 18th and 19th century. These were abandoned warships converted into prisons as means of relieving congestion of prisoners. They were also called "floating hells".

3. Deterrence

- punishment gives lesson to the offender by showing others what would happen to them if they violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential offenders that they cannot afford to do what the offender has done.

Borstal Reformatory

- the first juvenile reformatory in England. The Borstal Institution of England is today considered as the best reform institutions for young offenders.

A. The Auburn Prison System

- the prison system called the "Congregate System" / GROUP SYSTEM - The prisoners are confined in their own cells during the night and congregate work in shops during the day. Complete silence was enforced. HARD WOOD SHOP - A place where prisoners do their labor.

John Howard

- the sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform. After his findings on English Prisons, he recommended the following: single cells for sleeping - segregation of women - segregation of youth - provision of sanitation facilities - abolition of fee system by which jailers obtained money from prisoners. - He is known as the Father of Prison Reform in the world; great prison reforme.r - A philanthropist and the first English prison reformer.

8. Arresto Menor -

1 day to 30 days

4. Reclusion Temporal -

12 yrs and 1 day to 20 years imprisonment

3. Reclusion Perpetua -

20 yrs and 1 day up to 40 years

6. Prision Correctional -

6 months and 1 day to 6 years

5. Prision Mayor -

6 yrs and 1 day to 12 years

CORRECTION

A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

Elam Lynds -

A warden of the Auburn and later of Sing Sing (which he built) was one of the most influential persons in the development of early prison discipline in America. He is described as having been a strict disciplinarian who believes that all convicts were cowards who could not be reformed until their spirit was broken. To this end, he devised a system of brutal punishments and degrading procedures, many of which remained as accepted practice until very recent times.

It is a means correcting an offender (PDL) by placing him to an institution (JAIL, PRISON, PROV. JAIL) where he can be treated well until he becomes fully recovered and accepted by the community.

A. Institutional Corrections

9. Witzwill Prison - 1891"

Almost Certainly" the first open prison

10. Elizabeth Fry -

An English reformer sometimes referred to as the "angel of prisons" because of her driving force behind new legislation to treat prisoners humanely.

7. Singsing Correctional Facility (New York) -

Became famous to the whole world because of singsing bath.

6. Auburn Prison and Correctional Facility( New York) -

Built in the Land that was once a CAYUGA Indian village. Maximum Security Facility, "A Congregate System"

1. Death Penalty -

Capital punishment

James V. Bennett -

Director of Federal Bureau of Prisons; he wrote about closing of Alcatraz Prison; Built the Federal Correctional Institution in Seagoville Texas.

BEHEADING -

Guerilla's apprehended were beheaded by Samurai Sword at the Japanese Kempetei Garrison in 1943.

Jean Jacques Villain -

He is known as the Father of Penitentiary Science. - pioneered classification to separate women and children from hardened criminals.

Walter Crofton -

He was the Director of the Irish Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish system that was modified from the Mocanochie's mark system. - Progressive mark system - Irish System - He is known as the Father of Parole in Ireland

Alexander Maconochie -

He was the Superintendent of the penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia (1840) who introduced the "Mark System". A system in which a prisoner is required to earn a number of marks based on proper department, labor and study in order to entitle him for a ticket for leave or conditional release which is similar to parole. - He is known as the Father of Parole in Australlia.

Manuel Montesimos -

The Director of Prisons in Valencia Spain (1835) who divided the number of prisoners into companies and appointed certain prisoners as petty officers in charge which allowed good behavior to prepare the convict for gradual release.

Zebulon Brockway -

The Director of the Elmira Reformatory in New York (1876) who introduced certain innovational programs like the following: training school type - compulsory education of prisoners - casework methods - extensive use of parole - indeterminate sentence

Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise -

The Director of the English Prison who opened the Borstal Institution for young offenders. The Borstal Institution is considered as the best reform institution for young offenders today.

ELECTRIC CHAIR -

The Muntinlupa electric chair have claimed more than 70 lives convicted of capital offenses since its installation 4- decades ago.

GARROTE -

This became popular when 3 friar's priest commonly addressed as GOMBURZA were executed in 1872 by the Spanish colonial rules for exposing the venalities of the church.

Gulag prison of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in Germany

This is the infamous prison, where thousands of Jews were man-slaughtered during the reign of Adolf Hitler.

Provincial Prisoners -

Those persons sentenced toto suffer a term of imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine

CITY PRISONERS

Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a fine of not more than 1,000 pesos or both. - Those detained therein whose cases are filed with the MTC.

Pope john paul

abolished the culture of death

5. Equal -

applicable for all persons. (Uniformity in Application)

Pope leo-

approval for killing

3. Bridewell Workhouse( London 1557) -

built for the employment and housing of English Prisoner.

Correctional -

changes the attitude of offenders and become law- abiding citizens.

3. The positivist italian school -

denied individual responsibility and inflected non-punitive to crime and criminality, it adheres that crime as any other act is a natural phenomenon, criminal arte sick individual that need treatment rather than punitive action against them.

2. Deprivation -

deprivation of everything except the bare essentials of existence

Workhouse, Jail farm of Camp houses -

detains minimum custody prisoners with constructive work programs.

2. Commensurate with the offense -

different crimes must be punished with different penalties (Art. 25, RPC).

9. Bond to Keep the Peace -

discretionary on the part of the court.

1. The Classical Theory -"

docrine of psychological hedonisn" or "free will" individual calculates pain and pleasure in advance of action and regulates his conduct as a result of his calculation.

Domets of France / Frederick August Demets -

established an agricultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839 providing housefathers as in charge of these boys. The boys were housed in cottages with house fathers as in charge. The system was based on re-education rather than force. When discharged the boys were placed under the supervision of a patron.

Pope clement-

established the hospicio de san michele

Pope gregory-

ex communicado- burning of non-believers

3. Monotony -

giving the same food that is "off" diet or requiring the prisoners to perform drab or boring daily routine.

Ordinary -

houses both offenders awaiting court action and those serving short sentences usually up to 3 years.

7. Corporal Punishment -

imposing brutal punishment or employing physical force to intimidate a delinquent inmate.

3. Prisoners who are on Safekeeping -

includes non-criminal offenders who are detained in order to protect the community against their harmful behavior; ex. mentally deranged individuals, insane person.lock up jail. They are prisoners under the jurisdiction of Courts.

Pope innocent IV-

introduced torture

Lock - up -

is a security facility for the temporary detention of persons held for investigation or awaiting preliminary hearing

* The Elmira Reformatory (The Hill)

is considered the forerunner of modern penology because it had all the elements of a modern system; extensively used Non-institutional Corrections. A new institutional program for boys from 16 to 30 years of age.

Poe innocent VIII -

issue a papabul allowed refugee to driven out of the sanctuary

2. Expiation or Atonement -

it is punishment in the form of group vengeance where the purpose is to appease the offended public or group.

Reformation or Rehabilitation -

it is the establishment of the usefulness and responsibility of the offender. Society's interest can be better served by helping the prisoner to become law abiding citizen and productive upon his return to the community by requiring him to undergo intensive program of rehabilitation in prison.

2. Life imprisonment -

life time imprisonment for Special Penal Law

GALLEYS -

long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails usually rowed by criminals. A type of ship used for transportation of criminals in the 16th century.

5. Mass Movement -

mass living in cell blocks, mass eating, mass recreation, mass bathing.

6. Certain -

no one must escape its effects.

GAOLS - (Jails) -

pre-trial detention facilities operated by English Sheriff.

Hard Labor -

productive works

1. Imprisonment / isolation / incarceration / commitment / incapacitation-

putting the offender in prison for the purpose of protecting the public against criminal activities and at the same time rehabilitating the prisoners by requiring them to undergo institutional treatment programs.

8. Borstal Prison( England, UK) -

run by prison service and intended to reformed seriously delinquent young people.

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION-

study or practice of systematic management of jail or prison

RA 7659 as amended by RA 8177

that Imposes death penalty for heinous crime by lethal injection.

Legal -

the consequence must be in accordance with the law.

HANGING -

the famous tiger of Malaysia Yamashita died of hanging from 13th footsteps platform in 1946.

New York House of Refuge -

the first juvenile reformatory in USA.

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)

the greatest leader in the reform of English Criminal law. He believes that whatever punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from crime, the crime rate would go down. - He proposed the philosophy of utilitarianism. - He advocated the imaginary mathematical formula of felicific calculus - was the one who devised the ultimate PANOPTICAN PRISON - a prison that consists of a large circular building containing multi cells around the periphery. It was never built. Panopticon - to see everything or to observe.

3. Personal -

the guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.

2. Mamertine Prison -

the only early Roman place of confinement which is built under the main sewer old Rome( 64 B.C.)

B. The Pennsylvania Prison System -

the prison system called "Solitary System" / SILENT SYSTEM / SEPARATE SYSTEM. Prisoners are confined in single cells day and night where they lived, they slept, and they ate and receive religious instructions. Complete silence was also enforced. They are required to read the Bible.

4. Incapacitation and Protection -

the public will be protected if the offender has been held in conditions where he cannot harm others especially the public. Punishment is effected by placing offenders in prison so that society will be ensured from further criminal depredations of criminals.

Retribution (PERSONAL VENGEANCE/ REVENGE)-

the punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is violated to afford the society or the individual the opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be punished because they deserve it.

1. Detention Prisoners -

those detained for investigation, preliminary hearing or awaiting trial. A detainee in a Sentenced Prisoners - offenders who are committed to the jail or prison in order to serve their sentence 2. after final conviction by a competent court. They are prisoners under the jurisdiction of penal institutions.

6. Degradation -

uttering insulting words or languages on the part of prison staff to the prisoners to degrade or break the confidence of prisoners.

4. Uniformity - "

we treat the prisoners alike"; "the fault of one is the fault of all".

1. Productive of suffering -

without however affecting the integrity of the human personality.