Cars MCAT

The "game" that the passage author describes in the first sentence is a: A. necessary strategy for a writer composing in solitude. B. competitive contest of skill between writers and readers. C. deception perpetrated by writers on unsuspecting audiences. D. historical practice that dates from the time when literature was an oral art form.

A. necessary strategy for a writer composing in solitude.

Suppose that psychological studies show that novels arouse emotion only if readers consider the characters and situations described realistic. What is the relevance of this finding for the passage author's conclusions? A. It affirms them by implying an irrationality that serves human survival. B. It affirms them by implying a reasoned engagement with the narrative. C. It violates them by implying a logically unjustified emotional response. D. It violates them by implying that this form of art opposes reason.

B. It affirms them by implying a reasoned engagement with the narrative.

If Brink Lindsey's information is correct, how reasonable is his claim that Fairtrade is a "dead end" (paragraph 3)? A. Not very reasonable, because his information concerns Brazil and Vietnam, not Britain B. Not very reasonable, because it indicates a misunderstanding of the purpose of Fairtrade C. Very reasonable, because without the support of multinationals, Fairtrade is ineffective D. Very reasonable, because his information deals specifically with coffee

B. Not very reasonable, because it indicates a misunderstanding of the purpose of Fairtrade

If ungrooved columns appeared round in direct sunlight, this would most strongly challenge the passage assertion that the use of grooves: A. forms concave channels in a column's shaft. B. corrects an optical illusion. C. provides graceful curves. D. is aesthetically pleasing.

B. corrects an optical illusion.

The passage suggests that the "national virtue" Spencer had assaulted during his banquet speech was U.S. residents' tendency: A. to give large amounts of money to charities. B. to devote large amounts of time to pursuing a livelihood. C. to believe that competition, rather than hard work, brings wealth. D. to be ostentatious in displaying their wealth.

B. to devote large amounts of time to pursuing a livelihood.

Suppose that Experiment 1 is repeated with the addition of a "hostile-audience" condition and that this condition produces data equivalent to those of the "supportive-audience" condition. Which of the following hypotheses would best accommodate this outcome? A. A hostile audience does not affect performance. B. A supportive audience impairs performance. C. An involved audience impairs performance. D. A nonhostile audience enhances performance.

C. An involved audience impairs performance.

It would be consistent with Hauser's views in the passage to regard threats to survival as catalysts for animal responses that are: A. aggressive. B. unique. C. acquired. D. automatic.

D. automatic.

Which of the following best describes the kind of artist the Golden Era songwriters were? A. Inexperienced artists B. Artists-for-hire C. Would-be artists D. Former artists

B. Artists-for-hire

For which of the following passage statements is evidence NOT provided? A. "Although this kind of intervention [changing the medical education system so that it selects, trains, and deploys more health care workers who choose to practice in rural areas] does not lend itself to controlled experiments, ample evidence exists that such an approach works" (paragraph 2). B. "[P]hysicians and others act as rational economic beings" (paragraph 3). C. "These two federal programs [community health centers and the National Health Service Corps] remain the preeminent safety net programs for rural America" (paragraph 4). D. "Currently, telemedicine is dynamic, but relatively unstructured" (paragraph 5).

C. "These two federal programs [community health centers and the National Health Service Corps] remain the preeminent safety net programs for rural America" (paragraph 4).

What idea about art critics does the author mean to convey by the statement: "This mindset begins to make sense when one considers that critics have traditionally missed the point about the best art of their generation" (paragraph 4)? A. They are indifferent to the goals of particular artists today. B. They are too impressed by creativity to appreciate good art. C. They are afraid to commit themselves to definite opinions. D. They are unaware of the standards usually applied to art.

C. They are afraid to commit themselves to definite opinions.

Of the following passage claims, which one is most supported by evidence or explanation in the passage? A. Before World War I, consumption-based calls for higher wages relied heavily on ethical claims. B. The institutionalists charged that the neoclassical economists lacked an empirically grounded theory of consumer demand. C. Before World War I, labor activists were concerned with arguing for an appropriate standard of living. D. The transition in the political economy during the 1920s and 1930s was accompanied by a shift in research objectives for expenditure surveys.

D. The transition in the political economy during the 1920s and 1930s was accompanied by a shift in research objectives for expenditure surveys.

Given the information in the passage, the Embers' theory about the cause of war would best fall into which of the following categories of causes mentioned in paragraph 2? I. "Ultimate" causes II. "Proximate" causes III. Consequences of previous conflicts A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II, and III

A. I only

What conclusion about the nature of audience support is justified by the results of Experiment 2 alone? A. Supportive friends can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success. B. Supportive strangers can enhance a performance if they would not benefit from its success. C. Strangers can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success. D. Strangers can disrupt a performance if its success would benefit the performer.

C. Strangers can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success.

When discussing a magnetic world, the author apparently wants readers to imagine that they are: A. able to control the critical temperature. B. possessors of magnets. C. neutral observers. D. magnets.

D. magnets.

Which of the following is most illustrative of "the illusory correlation bias" (paragraph 3), as it is described in the passage? A. A flutist sometimes performs a difficult trill correctly, and sometimes does not, and is unable to determine the cause of her inconsistency. B. An athlete looks like she has mastered the pole vaulting technique, but since she never actually clears the bar, her coach calls her mastery an illusion. C. A teacher measures his students' performance, praises them in hopes their performance will improve, and then measures their performance again, to assess the effect of the praise. D. A dog trainer attributes a dog's correct response to "Lie down" to the dog's training, but the trainer gives the command only at the end of a tiring walk.

D. A dog trainer attributes a dog's correct response to "Lie down" to the dog's training, but the trainer gives the command only at the end of a tiring walk.

A visitor to Skellig Michael who kissed its stone cross probably did so for which of the following reasons? A. To fulfill a qualification for sainthood B. To atone for wrongs committed C. To be spared by Viking marauders D. To be accepted into the monastery

B. To atone for wrongs committed

Why does the author most likely mention 9 to 5 (paragraph 2)? A. To make a point about the titles of commodity musicals B. To illustrate the closeness of adaptations to sources in commodity musicals C. To indicate that casting is the most important element of a successful adaptation D. To provide an example of a Broadway musical that was based on a Hollywood movie

B. To illustrate the closeness of adaptations to sources in commodity musicals

What is the most likely explanation of the slower rate of performance observed in Experiment 1? A. A desire to maintain an appearance of relaxed competence before friends B. A feeling of being judged more harshly by friends than by strangers C. An inability to concentrate on mental tasks when friends are present D. A belief that accuracy is more important than speed on certain tasks

A. A desire to maintain an appearance of relaxed competence before friends

According to Spencer's views, if a wealthy person gives money to the poor, which outcome is to be expected for the giver? A. A heightened sense of virtue B. A heightened sense of social responsibility C. A reduced sense of social responsibility D. A reduced sense of guilt

A. A heightened sense of virtue

In Experiment 1, which of the following hypotheses would most reasonably account for the post-experimental statements made by those in the neutral condition? A. A performer's anxiety need not adversely affect performance. B. A performer's anxiety can be reduced with no effect on performance. C. An audience can affect a performance by reducing performance anxiety. D. An audience can affect a performance by causing performance anxiety.

A. A performer's anxiety need not adversely affect performance.

Assume that the description of teaching behavior in the second paragraph applies to a human context, not just to the animal world. Which one of the following scenarios would qualify as teaching behavior, according to the criteria Franks adopts? A. A toddler complains that the sun hurts his eyes, and the teacher takes off her sunglasses and shows the child how to put them on. B. A toddler says she is cold, and the teacher shows her how to button her sweater. C. A child incorrectly draws a square on the blackboard, and the teacher corrects her by drawing a figure with four equal sides next to it. D. A student of French watches as a teacher points to objects in the classroom that are masculine nouns in that language.

A. A toddler complains that the sun hurts his eyes, and the teacher takes off her sunglasses and shows the child how to put them on.

Which view expressed by the author is most important for readers to share if they are to be convinced of the merits of the passage argument? A. Fantasy violence is an essentially healthy experience. B. The taste for television violence reflects audience inadequacy. C. The majority of people are dishonest about violence. D. Professors abuse their positions as teachers.

A. Fantasy violence is an essentially healthy experience.

While pondering the restructuring of American government during the period from 1786 to 1787, John Adams wrote that collecting the legislation of the Native Americans would be "well worth the pains" and would aid in the process of creating a new constitution. This supports which of the following, as their views are presented in the passage? A. Grinde and Johansen B. Levy C. Payne D. The passage author

A. Grinde and Johansen

Passage context implies that Spencer's strong following in the United States during the nineteenth century was attributable, in part, to the country's: I. relatively substantial number of affluent residents. II. relatively strong sense of social responsibility. III. relatively strong grounding in Darwinist theories. A. I only B. III only C. I and II only D. II and III only

A. I only

Which of the following best describes the author's attitude toward the subject of the passage? A. Intrigue B. Disbelief C. Confusion D. Approval

A. Intrigue

Suppose that given a choice of various paintings, sailors choose seascapes. How would this relate to the opinions expressed in the passage? A. It would support the author's claim about the tendency that is the basis of all art appreciation. B. It would challenge the author's claim about how to best develop our capacity to appreciate art. C. It would support the author's implication about the beauty inherent in all things in nature. D. It would challenge the author's implication about the kind of art that is likely to be popular.

A. It would support the author's claim about the tendency that is the basis of all art appreciation.

Which of the following methods for redressing economic inequities is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Monopoly breaking and antitrust regulation B. Union building and strengthening C. Manufacturing and sales oversight D. Redistributive economic policy promotion

A. Monopoly breaking and antitrust regulation

The passage implies that Yeats would have been most likely to agree with which of the following statements about English poetry? A. Much outstanding poetry was produced between 1892 and 1935. B. Little valuable poetry was written prior to 1914. C. The war poetry of 1914 through 1918 is among the finest England has produced. D. Kipling and Hardy were the premier English poets of their generation.

A. Much outstanding poetry was produced between 1892 and 1935.

Based on the passage, of the following, which would be the best example of "mass movements initiated by one or a few magnets that would unexpectedly sweep across the entire world"? A. One country's revolution leads to unrest and revolution in other countries around the world. B. A disease in one country spreads to other countries, causing a pandemic. C. Technological advances in one country are marketed to other developed countries. D. A strengthening of democratic principles in one country is commended by the leadership of many countries around the world.

A. One country's revolution leads to unrest and revolution in other countries around the world.

d'Errico's argument about the Neandertals and symbolism (paragraph 3) necessarily requires which of the following? A. Proof that Neandertals used jewelry as symbols B. Proof that Neandertals invented jewelry to wear as symbols C. Proof that Neandertals copied jewelry designs from modern humans D. Proof that Neandertals traded with modern humans to obtain jewelry

A. Proof that Neandertals used jewelry as symbols

What is the main topic of the passage? A. Solutions to problems with the geographic distribution of healthcare workers in the U.S. B. Proposed revisions to the current urban and rural healthcare systems in the U.S. C. Health risks experienced disproportionately by those living in rural areas in the U.S. D. Inequities in healthcare quality based on geographic region of the U.S.

A. Solutions to problems with the geographic distribution of healthcare workers in the U.S.

Which of the following is most like the ability to appreciate art as it is described in the passage? A. The ability to enjoy dance improves the more one dances. B. The ability to enjoy music tends to be inherited from one's parents. C. The ability to run well is hampered by thinking about running well. D. The ability to do any one thing well decreases when one tries to do several things.

A. The ability to enjoy dance improves the more one dances.

Suppose that a child persists in fearing a monster despite assurances by adults that the fear is unreasonable. Which of the following reasons for this fear would undermine the passage author's argument? A. The fear is instinctual and beyond the child's control. B. The child assumes that adults cannot see the monster. C. The child believes that the adults are untrustworthy. D. The fear is a displaced expression of separation anxiety.

A. The fear is instinctual and beyond the child's control.

Which of the following aspects of the mounds described in the passage best explains archaeologists' reluctance to postulate a strictly Native American origin? A. Their apparently sudden appearance B. Their relatively early appearance C. Their size D. Their purpose

A. Their apparently sudden appearance

Which of the following statements best summarizes the fourth paragraph? A. There are many ways that writers reveal themselves in their writing. B. It makes a big difference if a writer's work is subjective and not objective. C. Most writers' lives are chaotic, and they create order through writing. D. Many writers want their lives to be visible in their written work.

A. There are many ways that writers reveal themselves in their writing.

The information that the Skellig was once particularly favored as a place of pilgrimage is most plausibly connected to which of the following passage assertions? A. There is a stubborn sufficiency about the place that is irresistibly attractive. B. The monastery was similar to hermitages that originated in the deserts of Egypt. C. The first Christian king of Norway was supposedly baptized by a Skellig monk. D. The eremetical movement was like a frenzy

A. There is a stubborn sufficiency about the place that is irresistibly attractive.

With which of the following statements about Brink Lindsey's comments would the passage author most likely agree? A. They are not without some merit. B. They are inhumane. C. They are internally consistent. D. They are justifiably biased.

A. They are not without some merit.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Zilhão's hypothesis (paragraph 2) regarding the ornaments found at Neandertal sites? A. They predate modern-human sites. B. There are more ornaments made of teeth than tusk. C. They look identical to ornaments found at modern-human sites. D. They are typically found at what are believed to be Neandertal burial sites

A. They predate modern-human sites.

Which of the following is the most reasonable inference that can be drawn from the information presented in the passage? A. War is not inevitable; people fight because of needs that could be met in other ways. B. War can only be eliminated by uniting all societies under a single governing council. C. War is inevitable; people will always find good reasons to fight. D. Scientists now completely understand the reasons for war.

A. War is not inevitable; people fight because of needs that could be met in other ways.

Does the author explain the statement "the future is perpetually giving birth to true novelty?" A. Yes, by comparing it with biological evolution B. Yes, by referring to mass extinctions C. Yes, by using the example of a magnetic world with a temperature below the critical point D. No, because the idea is presented without further explanation

A. Yes, by comparing it with biological evolution

One view of war is that it springs from fear of the unknown: People who are confident about their future do not declare war on their neighbors. Does the information in the passage support this view? A. Yes; the Embers' research suggests that fear of unpredictable disasters is at the root of much warfare. B. Yes; studies show that the innate tendency toward aggression leads societies to fear outsiders. C. No; Ferguson's views suggest that a great deal of confidence is required for a society to engage in war. D. No; the theory of consequences of previous conflicts suggests that people's attitudes have little effect on whether their society will wage war.

A. Yes; the Embers' research suggests that fear of unpredictable disasters is at the root of much warfare.

According to the passage author, the typical explanations for the drop in creativity of aging rock songwriters are characterized by: A. a failure to generalize. B. a failure to investigate individual life histories. C. an overemphasis on the stereotyped lifestyle of rock artists. D. the intrinsic limitations of rock music as a genre.

A. a failure to generalize.

The passage suggests that literary historians changed their assumption that there was a "long lull" in English poetry (final paragraph) because of: A. a reevaluation of the poets of the Great War. B. the advent of modernism in literature. C. the publication of Yeats's Oxford anthology. D. a new emphasis on the contributions of Kipling and Hardy.

A. a reevaluation of the poets of the Great War.

A researcher applying Watts's mathematical models as described in the passage to research on the transmission of an airborne contagious disease can most reasonably assume that: A. a small number of individuals could cause a widespread distribution of the disease. B. all infected individuals would contribute equally to the distribution of the disease. C. widespread disease transmission is more likely in a society with many isolated subcultures. D. disease transmission among individuals who do not know each other is highly unlikely.

A. a small number of individuals could cause a widespread distribution of the disease.

The author's use of the term kinetic immediacy (first paragraph) to describe Winogrand's photographs most likely refers to the photographs': A. ability to capture the hustle and bustle of the city. B. incorporation of roadside scenes. C. historically significant details and context. D. unique compositional strategies.

A. ability to capture the hustle and bustle of the city.

Assuming the truth of this author's understanding of widespread fantasy violence as an improvement in the human condition (paragraph 5), which behavior pattern would be LEAST consistent with that understanding? Children watching more than average amounts of television violence: A. behave similarly to those who do not. B. exhibit more purpose and competence. C. exhibit greater moral courage in confronting wrongs. D. engage in fewer criminal activities as adults.

A. behave similarly to those who do not.

Implicit in the argument that emotions are not equivalent to feelings is the idea that emotion: A. concerns a specific object or situation. B. is genuine only if chemically induced. C. involves clear physiological changes. D. is active during the creation of art.

A. concerns a specific object or situation.

The author describes the research of Cyrus Thomas most likely because it: A. discredits the hypothesis that mounds were built by a vanished culture. B. supports the hypothesis that people from the area that is now Mexico influenced Native American mound building. C. establishes when mound building occurred in the eastern Woodlands. D. challenges the diffusion hypothesis put forth by archaeologists.

A. discredits the hypothesis that mounds were built by a vanished culture.

Given the information in the passage, the Parthenon's columns most likely "seemed to spring directly from" the stylobate (paragraph 2) because: A. engineering gave the Parthenon an appearance of seamless construction. B. mathematical regularity gave the Parthenon an appearance of balance and harmony. C. entasis gave the columns an appearance of elasticity. D. fluting gave the columns an appearance of shading.

A. engineering gave the Parthenon an appearance of seamless construction.

The passage authors' central concern appears to be to: A. explore various factors that might be responsible for the relationship between organization size and job rewards. B. present evidence supporting the claim that employees in large organizations have higher earnings than those in small organizations. C. advocate greater equity with regard to job rewards for employees of small organizations. D. explain why organization size directly affects job rewards.

A. explore various factors that might be responsible for the relationship between organization size and job rewards.

The passage implies that relative to art critics, film critics are: A. more forthright. B. more respected. C. less pretentious. D. less qualified.

A. more forthright

The author intends to suggest in paragraph 5 [from "Alternatively, insofar" to "their employee's performance"] that large organizations: A. overestimate the quality of their employees' performance. B. underestimate the quality of their employees' performance. C. hire independent consultants to estimate the quality of their employees' performance. D. are willing to pay high fees to obtain an accurate estimate of the quality of their employees' performance

A. overestimate the quality of their employees' performance.

Implicit in the author's discussion of Milgram's folders (paragraph 5) is the belief that: A. people will cooperate more fully if they think they are involved in something official. B. the design of the folders confused the participants. C. something more complicated than a simple chain letter does not work well in such experiments. D. going from rural areas to urban areas works best with a "folder-mailing" design

A. people will cooperate more fully if they think they are involved in something official.

The author mentions "Fairtrade Fortnight" (first paragraph) most likely in order to: A. provide background information. B. imply a judgment. C. question a practice. D. include British terminology.

A. provide background information.

The curator who used the example of Max Brod refusing to destroy the manuscripts of Franz Kafka (final sentence) was most likely implying that: A. the individual rights of an artist are sometimes outweighed by the greater public and artistic good. B. the destruction of an artist's work is never warranted. C. once a work of art is created, its destruction is almost a crime against humanity. D. great artists will always attempt to keep their works from being seen and must be prevented from doing so.

A. the individual rights of an artist are sometimes outweighed by the greater public and artistic good.

Based on the passage, the author's ideal world would best be described as one in which: A. there is a blend of randomness and predictability. B. the truly unpredictable could be easily understood. C. the semblance of order is largely a pleasant illusion. D. the fabric of life reveals unprecedented complexity.

A. there is a blend of randomness and predictability.

Why does the author most likely mention "the role of chance" (paragraph 4)? A. As part of an explanation of why clinical impressions may be flawed B. As a response to concerns about the small sample size clinicians may use C. As a feature that makes clinical experience superior to evidence-based medicine D. As part of an argument against the use of intuition in medical practice

A. As part of an explanation of why clinical impressions may be flawed

The author implies which of the following about clinical practice? A. Some physicians tend to give clinical experience undue preeminence over research experience. B. Even at its best, clinical experience is anarchic. C. The role of clinical experience in the practice of medicine is overly complex. D. Physicians embrace clinical experience primarily because it gives priority to their own intuitions.

A. Some physicians tend to give clinical experience undue preeminence over research experience.

The point of some scholars regarding Madison (paragraph 3) is vulnerable to which of the following criticisms? A. They likely reverse cause and effect. B. They fail to appreciate an argument by analogy. C. They invoke an inapplicable principle. D. They unjustifiably assume a mutual exclusivity.

D. They unjustifiably assume a mutual exclusivity.

What is the main point of the first paragraph? A. A writer must be faithful to real life to be successful. B. A work of fiction reveals its creator's strengths and weaknesses. C. A writer is like a camera that perfectly reproduces real life. D. A writer's astigmatisms are what make a work of fiction fascinating

B. A work of fiction reveals its creator's strengths and weaknesses.

Suppose that the ruins of a sixteenth-century monastery are discovered on a remote island off the Swedish coast. Why, according to passage information, is this discovery surprising? A. Few European pilgrims would have been able to reach the site. B. An eremitical motive would have been unlikely at that period. C. The influence of Olav Trygvasson did not spread to Sweden. D. Monks would have been unlikely to learn of such an island.

B. An eremitical motive would have been unlikely at that period.

If cord-marked Woodland pottery were found in areas between the Bering Strait and the eastern Woodlands, this would support the notion that mound building diffused from: A. Europe. B. Asia. C. Scandinavia. D. Mexic

B. Asia.

Based on the third paragraph of the passage, with which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. Change is good, but only when it is accompanied by knowledge. B. Change and variety are required for history to exist. C. Those who do not learn from history are condemned to repeat it. D. Randomness in the cultural fabric gives life deeper meaning.

B. Change and variety are required for history to exist.

Suppose that there were no trade barriers in existence anywhere for the import and export of electronics. Information in the passage suggests that which of the following would most likely be the case? A. Fairtrade electronics would develop. B. Electronics would be a profitable industry. C. "Designer" equivalents would flood the electronics market. D. The electronics industry would develop more efficient technologies.

B. Electronics would be a profitable industry.

The discussion of the Parthenon's corner columns (paragraph 4) best supports the passage assertion that: A. Greek architecture was largely concerned with refining the post-and-lintel system. B. Greek architects strove to create a sense of balance among elements. C. the principle behind the Parthenon's design was extremely simple. D. the conception of the Greek temple was basically that of an idealized house.

B. Greek architects strove to create a sense of balance among elements.

Why does the passage author assert that sixteenth- or seventeenth-century readers would have "laughed" at a Hemingway short story? I. Because they would have found the writing style quaint II. Because the plots of short stories have changed radically since then III. Because basic, essential details were missing A. II only B. III only C. I and II only D. I and III only

B. III only

For which of the following questions does the passage fail to provide any information about Spencer's likely response? A. If Spencer's audience believed him to be a staunch advocate of capitalist culture, did they fully grasp his ideas? B. If the government doesn't build sewer systems, who should build them? C. If a country has many affluent people, why shouldn't they help the less affluent ones? D. If people want to be wealthy, why shouldn't they work tirelessly until they achieve wealth?

B. If the government doesn't build sewer systems, who should build them?

If a researcher studying rumor transmission among individuals were to use the same methodology as that of Milgram's small-world experiment, which of the following actions would be part of the methodology? A. Making sure starters and targets are located in the same city B. Ignoring cases in which a starter does not repeat the rumor C. Offering a financial incentive for completed rumor transmissions D. Submitting the data to mathematicians for analysis

B. Ignoring cases in which a starter does not repeat the rumor

Of the following statements, which one best describes the central focus of the passage? A. Materialistic desire is both the engine of and the universal virtue for capitalism. B. In the 1920s and 1930s, new forms of economic research were used to understand the role of consumers in the economy. C. Materialistic desire is the basis for addressing perceived economic inequalities. D. Expenditure surveys helped justify arguments in favor of minimum standards of living.

B. In the 1920s and 1930s, new forms of economic research were used to understand the role of consumers in the economy.

Which of the following best describes the relationship of the reference to Talley (paragraph 2) to the passage as a whole? A. It questions the importance of a previously mentioned problem. B. It supports a previously mentioned solution. C. It enables critique of a scenario mentioned later in the passage. D. It provides understanding of a paradox mentioned later in the passage.

B. It supports a previously mentioned solution.

According to passage information, which of the following reasons was probably determinative in the selection of Skellig Michael as the site for a monastery? A. Its proximity to the shrine at Needle's Eye B. Its isolation from worldly distractions C. The protection it promised from raiders D. The opportunities it provided for suffering

B. Its isolation from worldly distractions

What evidence does the author use to support the contention that Renaissance scholars misunderstood Egyptian writing? A. Egyptian writing was ideographic. B. Kircher incorrectly translated an inscription about Psamtjik. C. Missionaries and explorers discovered Chinese and Mayan scripts that were ideographic. D. Kircher was the first scholar to correctly understand Egyptian writing.

B. Kircher incorrectly translated an inscription about Psamtjik.

What finding from other research would be most apt to raise questions about the conclusion reported in the passage? A. Actors report feeling more confident before an enthusiastic audience than before a passive one. B. Musicians usually perform more skillfully when a friend is present than when they are alone. C. People do not normally invite nonsupportive persons to witness their public performances. D. The presence of family members seldom affects the performance of household tasks.

B. Musicians usually perform more skillfully when a friend is present than when they are alone.

Of the following arguments for higher wages, which one would most likely have been proposed in the late 1920s? A. One based on the importance of equality and fairness B. One based on the importance of consumers' ability to pay for products C. One based on the importance of a minimum standard of living D. One based on the importance of providing food and shelter to the needy

B. One based on the importance of consumers' ability to pay for products

Applying the organization-employee autonomy discussion in the passage to a family-child situation, which of the following children is most likely to have the LEAST autonomy? A. One whose parents do not monitor after-school activities B. One whose parents establish formal rules of behavior C. One who receives a high weekly allowance D. One who lives in a small community

B. One whose parents establish formal rules of behavior

Which one of the following groups of people is likely to find support for their educational ideas in Hauser's distinction between learning and information? A. Opponents of classroom discussion and debate B. Opponents of rote memorization C. Proponents of team teaching D. Proponents of case study approaches

B. Opponents of rote memorization

Which of the following most accurately summarizes the passage author's views on television violence in the context of public policy? A. The current advocates of television violence tend to be highly biased. B. Public stances on television violence are affected by ulterior motives. C. We have good reason to believe that television violence benefits society. D. The presentation of imaginary violence on television is not a public policy issue.

B. Public stances on television violence are affected by ulterior motives.

The author's reasoning implies that it would be folly to do which of the following with a budding conceptual artist? A. Connect her with an agent who can take care of the business end of her career B. Subject him to a thorough academic education in his art C. Discourage those who advise her to "pace herself" D. Discourage him from keeping a diary

B. Subject him to a thorough academic education in his art

Which of the following situations would be the best example of the "[u]nprecedented objects, processes, and possibilities" alluded to in the passage? A. The transformation of wild geese into tame domestic stock B. The flurry of technological innovations in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries C. The brutal civil wars that have historically wracked certain countries D. The wide variety of shows offered on cable television

B. The flurry of technological innovations in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries

With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? A. That which delights is always that which is right. B. The more things we can appreciate, the richer our being. C. To be human is to be an artist. D. A tree is just a tree.

B. The more things we can appreciate, the richer our being.

Some theater critics disdain the popularity of the "golden age" Broadway musicals, preferring less accessible theater that they would designate as "high art." How would this view most likely be regarded by the passage author? A. The passage equation of commodity and golden age musicals suggests that the author would agree with the critics. B. The passage discussion of golden age musicals suggests that the author would regard these critics as unnecessarily dismissive. C. The passage discussion of the "common musical language" of the non-commodity musical suggests that the author would be aligned with these critics. D. The passage position on the cost of contemporary Broadway theatrical productions suggests that the author would reject the critics' views.

B. The passage discussion of golden age musicals suggests that the author would regard these critics as unnecessarily dismissive

The information in the passage most strongly supports which of the following general statements? A. War is inevitable because aggression is an inherent human trait. B. War is a response to the need for food or other resources. C. The more internally aggressive a society, the more it is likely to wage war on other societies. D. The study of warfare among nonindustrial societies makes it easier to understand war in industrial societies.

B. War is a response to the need for food or other resources.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Shea's hypothesis regarding wood-tipped and stone-tipped spears (paragraph 5)? A. Stone-tipped spears are more durable than wood-tipped spears. B. Wherever both types of spears are found, only one kind of prey animal is found. C. Wherever Neandertal sites are found, there is a variety of crafting tools as well as hunting tools. D. Both wood-tipped and stone-tipped spears are found in modern-human archaeological sites.

B. Wherever both types of spears are found, only one kind of prey animal is found.

By using terms such as subtlety, unexpectedness, and complex in describing Winogrand's work, the author seems to be implying that: A. Winogrand was not interested in fame or monetary rewards. B. Winogrand's talent is not readily apparent to viewers of his work. C. only photography experts can appreciate Winogrand's work. D. Winogrand attempted to do too much with his photography.

B. Winogrand's talent is not readily apparent to viewers of his work.

Based on the passage, it can be reasonably inferred that the intelligentsia accepted Milgram's theory because it: A. was adopted by the media and movies. B. appealed to their imaginations. C. could be modeled mathematically. D. ignored race and class boundaries.

B. appealed to their imaginations.

The passage implies that, according to Levy, to say A influenced B, A and B must: A. be more or less similar. B. be the same. C. have at least one feature in common. D. have more features in common than not.

B. be the same.

The views of R. Brian Ferguson (final paragraph) are probably most similar to those of researchers who: A. link warfare with high rates of murder and theft. B. believe that warfare causes parents to encourage aggression in their children. C. contend that there is a genetic tendency toward physical violence. D. disagree with the Embers' findings.

B. believe that warfare causes parents to encourage aggression in their children.

In Plato's opinion as the passage author represents it, the relationship of emotion to reason is most like that of: A. paint to painting. B. disease to health. C. body to soul. D. water to ice.

B. disease to health.

Someone who agreed with Misrach's defense of his choice to show the color slides would be most likely to also approve of: A. exhibiting works that an artist had donated to a museum for scholarly purposes only. B. examining the rest of Winogrand's unprinted photographs and selecting some for display. C. requiring that artists clearly state their intentions for display and publication when donating works to a museum. D. organizing an exhibition that included all of Winogrand's work whether previously shown and published or not.

B. examining the rest of Winogrand's unprinted photographs and selecting some for display.

The specific mention by name of Promises, Promises (paragraph 3) is: A. ironic. B. incidental. C. dismissive. D. significant.

B. incidental.

The passage author's assertions imply that concern about undesirable social effects would be justified by a: A. tragic play that induces grief and horror. B. novel that promotes belief in demonic possession. C. political play that incites anger at authorities. D. lyrical poem that arouses sensual desires.

B. novel that promotes belief in demonic possession.

The artificial language Esperanto was constructed from European languages and uses Western European alphabets. Based on the passage, this language would be most likely classified as: A. ideographic. B. phonetic. C. morphemic. D. a combination of ideographic and phonetic.

B. phonetic.

The passage would be most appropriate in a collection of articles for: A. historians of sixteenth- or seventeenth-century literature. B. students of contemporary communication theory. C. scholars of the history of the English language. D. fans of the fiction of Ernest Hemingway.

B. students of contemporary communication theory.

The point that Payne makes about the three images of the Iroquois (paragraph 5) is most analogous to: A. the argument that anthropologists often readily adopt the culture of those people whom they study. B. the claim that artists represent the reality that they perceive, rather than an empirically verifiable reality. C. the idea that linguists must understand the values of those who speak a particular language before they can understand the structure of that language. D. the belief that the underlying principles of musical notation are consistent across historical periods and across cultures.

B. the claim that artists represent the reality that they perceive, rather than an empirically verifiable reality.

Suppose that a psychologist is interested in the performance of trial lawyers. On the basis of Experiment 1, the psychologist should predict that a legal argument will be more effectively presented if: A. the lawyer is serving without compensation than if the case involves a large financial settlement. B. the judge is unknown to the lawyer than if the two have a cordial relationship. C. the courtroom is empty than if it is filled with spectators whose sympathies are unknown. D. jurors watch the trial through a one-way mirror than if they are present in the courtroom.

B. the judge is unknown to the lawyer than if the two have a cordial relationship.

It is reasonable to conclude from the information presented that poets were constrained in writing about their experiences in the Great War because: A. few had been able to complete their education due to their military obligations. B. the poets who might have served as their models wrote in a style inappropriate to wartime subjects. C. they knew very little about the poetic traditions that had preceded them. D. they were intimidated by the style of the previous generation of poets.

B. the poets who might have served as their models wrote in a style inappropriate to wartime subjects.

The passage argument implies that socially responsible drama: A. does not generate negative attitudes and feelings. B. uses people's feelings to stimulate their thought. C. evokes people's culture-specific emotions. D. purges people of unhealthy emotions.

B. uses people's feelings to stimulate their thought.

Based on the passage, which of the following best describes how research objectives changed beginning in the 1920s and 1930s? A. A shift toward providing an empirical basis for economic policies B. A shift toward documenting trends in industrial production C. A shift toward examining consumer behavior D. A shift toward defining an appropriate standard of living

C. A shift toward examining consumer behavior

According to the passage, which of the following situations during the Renaissance supported the view that Egyptian script was ideographic? I. Kircher's claim that the Psamtjik inscription listed his titles II. Kircher's reputation as a scholar and scientist III. Missionaries' reports on Chinese and Mayan scripts A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III

C. II and III only

Which of the following assertions, if true, would most support the author's statement that "Egyptian culture dwindled under the Classical world's onslaught" (paragraph 4)? A. Greek scholars used discoveries by Egyptian astronomers to further their own studies. B. Egyptian scribes invented a flowing script for use in keeping economic records. C. Invaders from Alexander the Great to the Romans tried to integrate Egypt into their empires. D. Renaissance scholars incorrectly identified Greek script as ideographic.

C. Invaders from Alexander the Great to the Romans tried to integrate Egypt into their empires.

The principles common to the Iroquois League and the American Constitution are present in the proclamations of almost all nations. What is the relevance of this to the information provided in the passage? A. It strengthens Levy's objection. B. It reinforces the three-part distinction made by Payne. C. It challenges Grinde and Johansen's thesis. D. It extends the reach of Grinde and Johansen's thesis.

C. It challenges Grinde and Johansen's thesis.

Suppose that mainstream musicians who write songs for musical comedies get better at their art as they age. How does this affect the opinions expressed in the passage? A. It extends James Miller's observations. B. It challenges the passage author's claims about conceptual artists. C. It supports the passage author's claims about traditional artists. D. It does not affect the opinions expressed in the passage.

C. It supports the passage author's claims about traditional artists.

Suppose that rigorous scientific research demonstrated that physicians who use a clinically-based model provide better care and have better patient outcomes than those who use an evidence-based model. How would this finding affect passage claims? A. It would undermine the views of those clinicians who see clinically-based experience as sacrosanct. B. It would support the suggestion that the approach taken in Norway is very unlikely to be effective. C. It would challenge the views of the economists and health experts, as represented in the passage. D. It would support the idea that music is an apt metaphor for medical practice.

C. It would challenge the views of the economists and health experts, as represented in the passage.

According to the passage, Fairtrade certification procedures take into account all of the following EXCEPT which one? A. Social justice B. Environmental responsibility C. Market value D. Ethical behavior

C. Market value

What does the passage imply about worker autonomy? A. Autonomy is the main job reward in large companies. B. Autonomy tends to parallel wages. C. Most workers desire autonomy. D. Few workers think autonomy is important.

C. Most workers desire autonomy.

Which of the following relationships is most like the suggested relationship of the birds on Skellig Michael to the monks there? A. Butterflies to entomologists in Newfoundland B. Helicopters to mountain climbers in Nepal C. Penguins to explorers in Antarctica D. Cattle to wheat farmers in Montana

C. Penguins to explorers in Antarctica

Which one of the following groups would constitute part of a fictional audience, as the term is used by the passage author? A. People gathered in a concert hall to listen to a violinist B. Passersby who listen to someone on a park bench who is strumming a banjo C. People who belong to the target group of 18- to 49-year-old viewers of a sitcom D. People who vote by telephone for a contestant in a television talent show

C. People who belong to the target group of 18- to 49-year-old viewers of a sitcom

For thousands of years, theorists have proposed alternate accounts of the functions or effects of fantasized violence. Which of the following theories would be most consistent with the central point of the passage? A. The normative: violent retributions symbolically affirm important social values. B. The mimetic: fantasy violence represents what actually occurs in the real world. C. The cathartic: impulses toward real violence are dissipated through vicarious fantasies. D. The social learning: images of fictional violence teach the use of force to solve real conflicts.

C. The cathartic: impulses toward real violence are dissipated through vicarious fantasies.

Which of the following statements best conveys the main point of the passage? A. The Neandertals did not actually disappear. B. The Neandertals invented jewelry and hunting. C. The emerging view depicts Neandertals as having a capacity for creative, flexible behavior. D. Most researchers credit Neandertals with being well-adapted creatures who survived the cold climate of Europe.

C. The emerging view depicts Neandertals as having a capacity for creative, flexible behavior.

Why was the identity of the audience unproblematic for the oral storyteller who rode from town to town reciting tales? A. The composition of the audience kept changing. B. The plot of the tale was already familiar to the listeners. C. The members of the audience were literally on the scene. D. The novelty of the performance superseded any need for information.

C. The members of the audience were literally on the scene.

Which of the following of the archaeologists' assumptions described in paragraph 3 is NOT supported by evidence or reasoning in the passage? A. The mound builders had a large labor force. B. The mound builders had ample leisure time. C. The mound builders grew maize, beans, and squash. D. The mound builders included specialized craftspeople.

C. The mound builders grew maize, beans, and squash.

Suppose that various expenditure surveys find that when wages increase, people generally save their money rather than spend it on new products. How would this finding affect the arguments of 1920s-era labor activists? A. Their arguments would be supported because savings increase the long-term well-being of the working class. B. Their arguments would not be affected because they do not address the issue of savings. C. Their arguments would be weakened because an increase in wages may not lead to increased consumption. D. Their arguments would be weakened because an increase in wages may not lead to an increase in productivity.

C. Their arguments would be weakened because an increase in wages may not lead to increased consumption.

Why does the author most likely mention Norway? A. To provide an exemplar of clinical practice B. To provide an exemplar of evidence-based medicine C. To provide an example of accounting for economics D. To provide an example of one drug being less effective than it seems

C. To provide an example of accounting for economics

Which of the following statements is most strongly suggested by Butterfield's quotation in the passage? A. Cultural transformation is what makes history so interesting. B. Major global upheavals are what make history thrilling. C. Unexpected and significant events are what make history absorbing. D. Talented people change the direction of history.

C. Unexpected and significant events are what make history absorbing.

The main point of the passage is that: A. poetry dealing with war should not be considered in the same class as other poetry. B. English poetry prior to 1914 depicted war as exotic. C. Yeats was wrong to dismiss the works of the Great War poets. D. it is the duty of all poets to portray the sufferings of war.

C. Yeats was wrong to dismiss the works of the Great War poets.

Suppose it is true that the expression "survival of the fittest" was originally coined by Spencer and later adopted by Darwin. Is this fact relevant to any of the ideas in the passage? A. No; it has no relevance because the expression is not mentioned in the passage. B. Yes; it weakens the claim that Darwin restricted his theories to the biological domain. C. Yes; it supports the characterization of Darwin as a "biological Spencerian." D. Yes; it supports the university president's praise of Spencer's "powerful intellect."

C. Yes; it supports the characterization of Darwin as a "biological Spencerian."

The hope expressed by the author in the last paragraph depends on an increase in: A. political lobbying. B. trade barriers. C. consumers' prioritization of ethics. D. consumers' disdain for high-status brands.

C. consumers' prioritization of ethics.

Based on the passage, the author most likely believes that community health centers and the National Health Service Corps may be: A. preferable to the health options created through the free market. B. underutilized in many rural areas. C. controversial, complex, and expensive. D. providing services that recipients are not necessarily entitled to.

C. controversial, complex, and expensive

What aspect of the commodity musical does the author most rely on in characterizing it in the last sentence? The author views the commodity musical as: A. innovative. B. ambiguous. C. derivative. D. ambitious.

C. derivative

In the context of the passage, the comparison between how fast the leader could go and how fast it does go when paired with a follower ant is LEAST reliable as an index of how much: A. restraint is exercised by the leader. B. help the follower ant appears to need. C. effort the task being performed should take. D. effort is made to orient and instruct the follower

C. effort the task being performed should take

If one assumes that the ants are exhibiting teaching behavior, as the Bristol researchers maintained, the pace at which the leader ant moves would likely be influenced by: A. its sense of urgency. B. its capacity for movement. C. its estimate of the time its follower needs to learn something new. D. the relative speed of other ants performing the same task.

C. its estimate of the time its follower needs to learn something new.

The number of monks who resided on Skellig Michael was probably due to: A. insufficient food and water in the monastery. B. extreme difficulty in reaching the monastery. C. limited available living space on the site. D. buildings that were precariously situated.

C. limited available living space on the site

Suppose that some influential American critics have always expressed strong opinions about the characteristics of good art and of bad art. This supposition implies that the passage author has probably: A. correctly assessed the gullibility of the American public. B. misunderstood the comments made in the Times reviews. C. overestimated the influence of criticism on artists. D. underestimated the merits of recent American art.

C. overestimated the influence of criticism on artists

Passage context suggests that when Spencer came to the United States in 1882, he probably planned to: A. write a book about his experiences. B. introduce modifications to his theory. C. spend much of his time alone. D. leave again within a short time.

C. spend much of his time alone.

The author assumes that the diffusion of squash throughout the Woodlands region: A. occurred alongside the diffusion of pottery. B. is evidence of its hardiness. C. was not due to Mexican influence. D. explains why maize was not discovered at Poverty Point.

C. was not due to Mexican influence.

What result would be most predictable if conditions analogous to those described in the passage prevailed in the automobile industry? A. Manufacturers would try to hide any problem assocterm-158iated with a model. B. Consumers would rely on personal experience to compare the models. C. Consumer advocates would report the defects of unreliable models. D. Automobile ratings would emphasize the advantages of each model.

D. Automobile ratings would emphasize the advantages of each model.

Which of the following is most like the current situation on Broadway, as it is described in the passage? A. Popular vocalists are more successful when they incorporate dance moves into their performances. B. Art museum curators prefer collections that are positive or inspiring in some way. C. Most comedians perform in small, little-known venues before moving into larger, more prestigious venues. D. Concert programmers put only one innovative work into an evening's program of otherwise familiar classical pieces.

D. Concert programmers put only one innovative work into an evening's program of otherwise familiar classical pieces.

The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in determining the validity of the Embers' study? A. Who determined the length of the period that would be covered in the study? B. Were there any similarities between child-rearing practices in warlike and non-warlike societies? C. Which Native American tribes were included in the study? D. Did the societies that worried most about food shortages actually attempt to avoid them through war?

D. Did the societies that worried most about food shortages actually attempt to avoid them through war?

Based on the first paragraph, which of the following statements best summarizes Stendhal's view of fiction? A. Fiction should reveal the author's inner feelings. B. Fiction should reorder life's events in a pleasing manner. C. Fiction should illustrate life's important ideas. D. Fiction should strive to duplicate life's events.

D. Fiction should strive to duplicate life's events.

Given Plato's claim that the spoken word is superior to the written word in the pursuit of truth, which of the following activities would he have been most likely to encourage today's truth seekers to adopt? A. Listening to candidates for political office debate each other on the radio B. Participating in a group that discusses Phaedrus and other written works at a local university C. Posing comments on Internet sites and using online chat rooms to discuss the issues of the day D. Getting involved in an ethics discussion group hosted by a public library

D. Getting involved in an ethics discussion group hosted by a public library

Which of the following comparisons is consistent with the opinions expressed by the author of this passage? A. Shakespeare was a much better writer than Hemingway. B. Faulkner's fiction is much more personal than Hemingway's fiction. C. Hemingway's fiction has a wide variety of characters. D. Hemingway's fiction is more clearly personal than Faulkner's fiction.

D. Hemingway's fiction is more clearly personal than Faulkner's fiction

According to the passage, access to health care in the United States depends on which of the following? I. The individual's demonstrated need for health care II. Whether the individual has access to health insurance III. The proximity of healthcare professionals to the individual A. I only B. II only C. I and III only D. II and III only

D. II and III only

The setting of the Broadway musical West Side Story, an adaptation of Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, is drastically different from the Shakespearean play. What is the relevance of this to the passage? A. It supports a claim about commodity musicals. B. It challenges a claim about Broadway musicals and adaptations. C. It challenges a claim about the titles of commodity musicals. D. It supports a claim about Broadway musicals that are not commodity musicals.

D. It supports a claim about Broadway musicals that are not commodity music

If it were confirmed that Greek architects did not deliberately strive for a strict mathematical balance between horizontal and vertical elements in their designs, what effect would this fact have on assertions made in the passage? A. It would challenge the assertion that the Parthenon's design is psychologically correct. B. It would challenge the assertion that the Parthenon was skillfully designed. C. It would support the assertion that the Parthenon's curves are aesthetically pleasing. D. It would support the assertion that the Parthenon was constructed on a subjective basis.

D. It would support the assertion that the Parthenon was constructed on a subjective basis.

How would the passage argument be affected if it were demonstrated that most Americans are interested in the fine art now being produced? A. Its analogy between art and a recession would be false. B. Its wish for real critical debate would be encouraged. C. Its discouraging conclusion would not be justified. D. Its disparaging remarks would apply to more people

D. Its disparaging remarks would apply to more people

Which of the following findings would most weaken the Mexican hypothesis as presented in the passage? A. An abundance of leisure time is not correlated with an abundance of fine-quality artifacts. B. Pottery from ancient Mexico is stylistically similar to Native American pottery found in the Woodlands. C. There is evidence that emigration took place about 1200 BC from the area that is now Mexico to western areas of the U.S. D. Leisure time tends to decrease when a people switches to farming from hunting and gathering.

D. Leisure time tends to decrease when a people switches to farming from hunting and gathering.

Which of the following findings would most weaken the claim that because of greater complexity and differentiation, large organizations offer more opportunities for promotion and less autonomy than small organizations (paragraph 4)? A. Job openings in large organizations are most often filled by people already working within the organization. B. The larger an organization, the more difficult coordination among employees becomes. C. Employee autonomy at small organizations is constrained by informal monitoring. D. Most differentiation occurs horizontally, creating jobs at the same skill and status level.

D. Most differentiation occurs horizontally, creating jobs at the same skill and status level.

Which of the following, if true, would most challenge the passage author's views as presented in the passage? A. Most of the songs featured in the Great American Songbook are about democracy. B. Most of the songs featured in the Great American Songbook were popularized not by the songwriters, but by other singers. C. Most of the songwriters featured in the Great American Songbook had more than one song in the book. D. Most of the songwriters featured in the Great American Songbook were under the age of thirty when they wrote the songs included in the book

D. Most of the songwriters featured in the Great American Songbook were under the age of thirty when they wrote the songs included in the book

Which of the following, if assumed to be true, most supports the author's position on Fairtrade? A. It is difficult to monitor producers' compliance with labor standards. B. People will hesitate to pay $12 for a pound of coffee. C. Many non-Fairtrade traders provide a decent wage to their workers. D. Much of the money given to aid agencies does not reach its intended recipients.

D. Much of the money given to aid agencies does not reach its intended recipients.

Which of the author's assertions is most susceptible to empirical verification or refutation? A. Six-year-olds feel essentially powerless in the world of human affairs. B. Congressional members seek fame and reputations as crusaders for nonviolence. C. Professors lack wisdom on the issues of television violence. D. Scholars provide the information central to debates about television violence.

D. Scholars provide the information central to debates about television violence.

Which one of the following describes a modification in the role of an intended reader that might best serve the purposes of a mass media advertiser? A. The intended reader is addressed in very personal terms, as indicated by specific terms of endearment that are assumed to be pleasing to him or her. B. The intended reader is addressed as though he or she were an "insider" already in possession of enough information to construe an otherwise cryptic message. C. The intended reader is addressed as though he or she were a scholar seeking a detailed, objective account of product features. D. The intended reader is addressed as if he or she were experiencing a problem that purchasing the product would solve.

D. The intended reader is addressed as if he or she were experiencing a problem that purchasing the product would solve.

Assume that societies with a high degree of conflict between internal factions tend to wage war more frequently than do more cohesive societies. This information most strongly correlates with which of the following factors mentioned in the passage? A. The relationship between natural disasters and warfare B. The consequences of warfare C. The proximate causes of warfare D. The ultimate causes of warfare

D. The ultimate causes of warfare

The passage would suggest which of the following explanations for musicians who receive no applause for their performance? A. They are not very skilled performers. B. They perform music that has no beauty. C. There is no truth in the music they perform. D. There is no one who understands the music they perform.

D. There is no one who understands the music they perform.

Which of the following policy suggestions demonstrates acceptance of one or more of Talley's claims, as they are described in the passage? A. An increase in the number of total slots available at urban medical schools B. Classification of all family medicine as primary care medicine C. Travel subsidies for urban physicians interested in providing health care to rural Americans D. Tuition subsidies for people from rural areas who apply to medical schools

D. Tuition subsidies for people from rural areas who apply to medical schools

Which pair of contradictory statements is implicit in the passage? A. Poetry and visual art are similar; poetry and visual art are different. B. Only artists can truly appreciate art; art appreciation is what makes us human. C. There is but a single standard by which to judge art; there are many ways to appreciate art. D. We can appreciate only that which we recognize; appreciating art is all about being open to the new.

D. We can appreciate only that which we recognize; appreciating art is all about being open to the new.

If it were established with certainty that Winogrand did, as the author suggests, stop shooting in color because of the "difficulty and expense of making color prints and their instability" (paragraph 2), this information would best support which of the following arguments? A. Winogrand would have liked to have his color slides printed once the technology made this feasible. B. Winogrand felt that working in color was stylistically inferior to black and white. C. The color slides should be viewed as finished products and not printed. D. Winogrand would have returned to photographing in color once the technology improved

D. Winogrand would have returned to photographing in color once the technology improved

If Bill Jay's arguments against the presentation of Winogrand's slides and negatives (paragraph 4) were accepted, which of the following would NOT be a logical outcome? A. Less of Winogrand's work would be seen by the general public. B. Critical opinion of Winogrand's abilities would be lacking in some areas. C. Winogrand's color photographs would be forgotten by all but specialist scholars. D. Winogrand's recognition as one of the U.S.'s great photographers would be lessened.

D. Winogrand's recognition as one of the U.S.'s great photographers would be lessened.

Assume that a study is performed in which only the physiological aspects of emotion are chemically suppressed and that the participants are then placed in a situation that would normally anger them. The passage author would presumably expect the participants to experience: A. an abnormally intense disapproval of the situation. B. an apparently normal response to the situation. C. indifference and inattention to the situation. D. a calm negative assessment of the situation

D. a calm negative assessment of the situation

According to the passage, corner columns with the same diameter as the columns they flank most likely appear thinner because these corner columns: A. seem to give slightly under the extra weight of the lintel. B. are spaced closer to the columns they flank than those columns are to each other. C. are made of lighter material than the columns they flank. D. are viewed against the sky rather than against the cella.

D. are viewed against the sky rather than against the cella.

The author of the passage quotes Yeats's introduction a second time (final paragraph) in order to: A. illustrate Yeats's evocative use of imagery. B. show that they are in agreement on some minor points. C. acknowledge that Yeats's attitude was understandable in the context of the period. D. contradict Yeats's characterization of the relationship between poetry and wars

D. contradict Yeats's characterization of the relationship between poetry and wars

The passage suggests that the poetry of Kipling and Hardy was unusual at the time they wrote because it: A. recounted individual acts of heroism. B. contained moving elegies to the dead. C. celebrated the glories of contemporary battles. D. depicted the squalor and futility of war.

D. depicted the squalor and futility of war.

The purpose of Experiment 2 was to: A. be certain that the supportive observer was truly supportive. B. isolate the reason for adopting a cautious performance style. C. test the effect of an incentive to improve one's performance. D. determine the relevance of friendship to the audience effect.

D. determine the relevance of friendship to the audience effect.

The author of the passage suggests that if a contemporary literary critic were to agree with Yeats about war poetry, that critic's view would probably be: A. welcomed by most readers of poetry as a voice of reason. B. influential in directing attention to the poetry of later wars. C. taken into account in the compilation of poems for the next edition of the Oxford anthology. D. dismissed by most devotees of contemporary poetry.

D. dismissed by most devotees of contemporary poetry.

One can most reasonably infer from the passage discussion in the second paragraph that before 1920, there were NO: A. economic studies that provided empirical data about expenditures. B. methods available for accurately comparing the standards of living of different social groups. C. studies designed to assess the economic effect of changes in industrial production. D. nationwide studies of the expenditures of all social groups in an industrial economy.

D. nationwide studies of the expenditures of all social groups in an industrial economy.

Based on the passage, the author feels that his readers are generally: A. very understanding of the mistakes he makes in his work. B. unconcerned with how they are being manipulated by him. C. confused by the way that he imposes order on chaos. D. quick to assume that he is writing from his own experiences.

D. quick to assume that he is writing from his own experiences.

According to the passage, the key distinction between what most people think of as a small-world experience and Watt's mathematical model of small worlds is that the mathematical model: A. limits the number of possible targets. B. relies on the cooperation of participants. C. cannot take sociable people into account. D. selects targets randomly

D. selects targets randomly

The author's attitude toward commodity musicals is one of: A. enthusiastic endorsement. B. grudging admiration. C. contingent disappointment. D. strong disapproval.

D. strong disapproval.

What could be interpreted as a paradoxical aspect of Spencer's behavior was his: A. obvious affluence, despite an explicit disdain for wealth. B. fervent belief in capitalism, despite evolutionary evidence against its merits. C. apparent sense of inferiority, despite glowing praise from his followers. D. voluntary public appearance, despite an aversion to social excitement.

D. voluntary public appearance, despite an aversion to social excitement.

The discussion of job characteristics (paragraph 5) seems to contradict the earlier claim that: A. large organizations have more differentiation than do smaller organizations. B. large organizations have more difficulty filling jobs than do smaller organizations. C. workers in large organizations have more autonomy than those in smaller organizations. D. workers in large organizations have less autonomy than those in smaller organizations.

D. workers in large organizations have less autonomy than those in smaller organizations.