CCSI Quiz and Exam 1

<strong>

Defines important text

<label>

Defines a label for an <input> element

<textarea>

Defines a multiline input control (text area)

article

"The article element describes standalone content that could potentially be used or distributed elsewhere, such as a news article, forum post or blog entry. You can nest article elements. For example, you might have reader comments about a magazine nested as an article within the magazine article."

Bit - definition

(short for "binary digit") is the smallest data item in a computer; it can assume the value 0 or 1.

href

<a>, <area>, <base>, <link> - Specifies the URL of the page the link goes to

src

<audio>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <script>, <source>, <track>, <video> - Specifies the URL of the media file

name

<button>, <fieldset>, <form>, <iframe>, <input>, <map>, <meta>, <object>, <output>, <param>, <select>, <textarea> - Specifies the name of the element

value

<button>, <input>, <li>, <option>, <meter>, <progress>, <param> - Specifies the value of the element

checked

<input> - Specifies that an <input> element should be pre-selected when the page loads (for type="checkbox" or type="radio")

Web browsers - what are they and what are web browser examples such as Chrome

A software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. ... The most popular web browsers are Chrome, Edge, Internet Explorer, Safari, Opera and Firefox.

type="text"

Default. Defines a single-line text field (default width is 20 characters)

<td>

Defines a cell in a table

<tbody>

Groups the body content in a table

alt

Specifies an alternative text for an image, when the image cannot be displayed

T or F - Every HTML attribute has a name and value pair separated by "="

T - exp = <a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Internet of Things - definition and examples

Term to increase effiencies. IOT - Examples include: WiFi, Bluetooth - needs internet (smart watch), ZigBee, Z-Wave, Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.

aside

The aside element describes content that's related to the surrounding content (such as an article) but is somewhat separate from the flow of the text. For example, an aside in a news story might include some background history.

Data hierarchy - what is this? What are the levels?

These are data items processed by computers that becomes larger and more complex in structure as we progress from bits to characters to fields, and so on. *The levels from smallest to largest are - Bits, Characters, Fields, Records, Files, Database.* BCFRFD - Bobs Corn Field Really Fat Ducks

Example: Three-tier architecture - explain what this is and what is top-tier, middle-tier and bottom-tier. Where is business logic stored? What is "client-side"?

Top = Presentation Layer = Client Side Middle = Application Layer = Business Logic stored Bottom = Data Layer -

<br>

Used for specifying a line break, contents after this tag are moved to a new line, [HTML Tag]

<h1>

Used for specifying level 1 headings. There are 6 levels of headings, browsers typically render the various headings in different sizes, with h1 being the largest (most important) and h6 being the smallest (least important), [HTML Tag]

<article>

Defines an article

type="search"

Defines a text field for entering a search string

<title>

Defines a title for the document

<button>

Defines a clickable button

type="url"

Defines a field for entering a URL

<footer>

Defines a footer for a document or section

HTML5 - what does the acronym stand for?

"*Hypertext Markup Language* - HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a special type of computer language called a markup language designed to specify the content and structure of web pages (also called documents) in a portable manner. HTML5, now under development, is the merging version of HTML.

HTML Attributes - Definition of "HTML attributes"

"All HTML elements can have attributes - Attributes provide additional information about an element. Attributes are always specified in the start tag. Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name=""value""a modifier of an HTML element type. An attribute either modifies the default functionality of an element type or provides functionality to certain element types unable to function correctly without them. In HTML syntax, an attribute is added to an HTML start tag."

Evolution of the internet - ARPA and ARPANET

"In the late 1960s, ARPA (the Advanced Research Projects Agency) rolled out blueprints for networking the main computer systems of about a dozen ARPA-funded universities and research institutions. These were connected to communication systems. ARPA proceeded to implement the ARPANET, which eventually evolved into today's Internet. Electronic mail was the key early benefit of the ARPANET.

Packets - how are these used across the internet

"Packet Switching - One of the primary goals for ARPANET was to allow multiple users to send and receive information simultaneously over the same communications paths (e.g., phone lines). The network operated with a technique called packet switching, in which digital data was sent in small bundles called packets. The packets contained address, error-control and sequencing information. The address information allowed packets to be routed to their destinations. The sequencing information helped in reassembling the packets—which, because of complex routing mechanisms, could actually arrive out of order—into their original order for presentation to the recipient. Packets from different senders were intermixed on the same lines to efficiently use the available bandwidth. The network was designed to operate without centralized control. If a portion of the network failed, the remaining working portions would still route packets from senders to receivers over alternative paths for reliability. "

footer

"The footer element describes a footer—content that usually appears at the bottom of the content or section element. In this example, we use the footer to describe the copyright notice and contact information. "

header

"The header element creates a header for this page that contains both text and graphics. The header element can be used multiple times on a page and can include HTML headings (<h1>through <h6>), navigation, images and logos and more. "

World Wide Web - definition

"an information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another. It allows computer users to execute web-based applications and to locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject over the Internet.

Chapter 3 - autocomplete attribute

"can be used on input types to automatically fill in the user's information based on previous input—such as name, address or e-mail. You can enable autocomplete for an entire form or just for specific elements. For example, an online order form might set automcomplete = ""on"" for the name and address inputs and set autocomplete = ""off"" for the credit card and password inputs for security purposes.

<th>

Defines a header cell in a table

CSS - what does the acronym stand for?

*Cascading Style Sheets* used to control how pages display by specifying fonts, colors, borders, spacing, and layout.

Moore's Law - definition

*Every year or two, the capacities of computers have approximately doubled inexpensively. This remarkable trend often is called Moore's Law.* Moore's Law and related observations apply especially to the amount of memory that computers have for programs, the amount of secondary storage (such as disk storage) they have to hold programs and data over longer periods of time, and their processor speeds—the speeds at which computers execute their programs (i.e., do their work).

HTTPS - what does the "s" in HTTPS stand for?

*Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure* (HTTPS). HTTPS is the standard for transferring encrypted data on the web. It combines HTTP with the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and the more recent Transport Layer Security (TLS) cryptographic schemes for securing communications and identification information over the web.

HTTP - what does the acronym stand for?

*Hypertext Transfer Protocol* (HTTP)—a communications protocol used to send information over the web.

TCP/IP - what is this? TCP is an acronym for?

*Transmission Control Protocol*. - TCP/IP - The protocol (i.e., set of rules) for communicating over the ARPANET became known as TCP TCP ensured that messages were properly routed from sender to receiver and that they arrived intact.

URL - what does the acronym stand for?

*Uniform Resource Locator* specifies the address (i.e., location) of the web page displayed in the browser window. Each web page on the Internet is associated with a unique URL. URLs usually begin with http://.

Cloud Computing - definition

*the practice of using a network of remote servers* hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - what is this group and what does it do?

1994 - Tim Berners-Lee —the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Devoted to developing technologies for the World Wide Web. One of the W3C's primary goals is to make the web universally accessible—regardless of disability, language or culture. The W3C is also sets standards for Web technologies called Recommendations. Current and forthcoming W3C Recommendations include the HTML5, Cascading Style Sheets 3 (CSS3) and the Extensible Markup Language (XML).

HTML get and post

2 most common HTTP request types are *get and post* Get request - typically gets (or retrieves) information from a server, such as an HTML document, an image or search results based on a user submitted search term. Post request typically posts (or sends) data to a server. Common uses of post requests are to send form data or documents to a server.

height

<canvas>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <object>, <video> - Specifies the height of the element

width

<canvas>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <object>, <video> - Specifies the width of the element

method

<form> - Specifies the HTTP method to use when sending form-data

action

<form>- Specifies where to send the form-data when a form is submitted

placeholder

<input>, <textarea> - Specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of the element

maxlength

<input>, <textarea> - Specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in an element

rows

<textarea> - Specifies the visible number of lines in a text area

cols

<textarea> - Specifies the visible width of a text area

Opening (or start) and closing (or end) tags - how are these represented in HTML?

A start tag consists of the element name in angle brackets. For example, <html>. An end tag consists of the element name preceded by a forward slash (/) in angle brackets. For example, </html>. There are several so-called "void elements" that do not have end tags. Many start tags have attributes that provide additional information about an element, which browsers use to determine how to process the element. Each attribute has a name and a value separated by an equals sign (=).

<header>

Defines a header for a document or section

type="date"

Defines a date control (year, month and day (no time))

type="email"

Defines a field for an e-mail address

type="checkbox"

Defines a checkbox

<figcaption>

Defines a caption for a <figure> element

<p>

Defines a paragraph - Paragraph Element (<p>...</p>). All text placed between the <p> and </p> tags forms one paragraph.

type="password"

Defines a password field (characters are masked)

type="radio"

Defines a radio button

<tr>

Defines a row in a table

<section>

Defines a section in a document

type="submit"

Defines a submit button

<table>

Defines a table

<form>

Defines an HTML form for user input

<img>

Defines an image

type="image"

Defines an image as the submit button

<input>

Defines an input control

<ol>

Defines an ordered list

<ul>

Defines an unordered list

<aside>

Defines content aside from the page content

<head>

Defines information about the document

<nav>

Defines navigation links

<body>

Defines the document's body

<html>

Defines the root of an HTML document

Request/Response cycle

From the Web Client (the request is sent from the web client Through the Internet To the Web server - After it receives the request, the web server searches for the resource. Goes back in same direction. Fig 1.8 and 1.9.

Social applications - be able to identify examples

Google maps - mapping facebook - social networking, Linkedin - social network for business, youtube - video search, twitter - microblogging, netflix - movie rental, ebay - internet auctions

<tfoot>

Groups the footer content in a table

<thead>

Groups the header content in a table

A web page is a _____ document

HTML

Comments - how are these represented in HTML?

Insert comments in your HTML5 markup to improve readability and describe the content of a document. The browser ignores comments when your document is rendered. *Comments start with <!-- and end with -->.* They appear as green.

Binary code - use in computers

Once information has been digitized, it is represented and stored in memory using the binary number system • A single binary digit (0 or 1) is called a bit • Devices that store and move information are cheaper and more reliable if they have to represent only two states • A single bit can represent two possible states, like a light bulb that is either on (1) or off (0) • Permutations of bits are used to store values

figure

The figure element describes a figure (such as an image, chart or table) in the document so that it could be moved to the side of the page or to another page.

nav

The nav element groups navigation links. In this example, we used the heading Recent Publications and created a ul element with seven li elements that link to thecorresponding web pages for each book.

summary

The summary element displays a rightpointing arrow next to a summary or caption when the document is rendered in a browser (Fig. 3.19). When clicked, the arrow points downward and reveals the content in the details element.

<h2>

Used for specifying level 2 headings. There are 6 levels of headings, browsers typically render the various headings in different sizes, with h1 being the largest (most important) and h6 being the smallest (least important), [HTML Tag]

Explain the difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0

Web 1.0 was focused on a small number of companies and advertisers producing content for users to access (some people called it the "brochure web"). Web 2.0 involves the users—not only do they often create content, but they help organize it, share it, remix it, critique it, update it, etc. One way to look at Web 1.0 is as a lecture, a small number of professors informing a large audience of students. In comparison, Web 2.0 is a conversation, with everyone having the opportunity to speak and share views.

Hyperlink - what is it?

a link from a hypertext file or document to another location or file typically activated by clicking on a highlighted *word or image on the screen*. When clicked, load a specified web document. Both images and text may be hyperlinked. When the user clicks a hyperlink, a web server locates the requested web page and sends it to the user's web browser.

Protocol - definition

a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices, such as computers. In order for computers to exchange information, there must be a preexisting agreement as to how the information will be structured and how each side will send and receive it.

Nesting - what is this in HTML?

an element is called a nested element when it is enclosed in another element's start and end tags.

Units of binary storage - examples including KB, MB, PB

byte 2 to the 0 power = 1 kilobyte KB 2 to 10 power = 1,024 Megabyte MB 2 to 20 = 1,048,576 - Gigabyte GB 2 to 30 = 1,073,741,824 - Terabyte TB 2 to 40 = 1,099,511,627,776 - Petabyte PB 2 to 50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624

Void element - what is this? What is an example?

contain only attributes and do not mark up text (i.e., text is not placed between a start and an end tag). You can terminate void elements (such as the img element) by using the forward slash character (/) inside the closing right angle bracket (>) of the start tag. For example, lines 15-16 of Fig. 2.6 could be written as follows: <img src = "jhtp.png" width = "92" height = "120" alt = "Java How to Program book cover" /> *The Image Element is and example of a void element*

Chapter 2

https://quizlet.com/118636790/html5-flash-cards/

Input type

https://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_input_type.asp

Multitier application architecture - what is this?

is a client-server architecture in which presentation, application processing, and data management functions are physically separated.

Cache - definition

is a hardware or software component that *saves data on a disk* so future requests for that data can be served faster

HTML Elements - Definition of "HTML elements"

is used to indicate the term being defined within the context of a definition phrase or sentence.

Document type declaration (DOCTYPE) - what is this?

it is required in HTML5 documents so that browsers render the page in standards mode. It indicates the type of markup language used in the document.

the Self-Review Exercises at the end of each chapter.

look at these before big exam

Page-structure elements

see the ones below

Operating system - definition

software systems that make using computers more convenient for users, application developers and system administrators. Exp - windows, android, Mac