CDC Y2T35X

What are four common symptoms of tire problems?

(1) Vibrations (2) Abnormal Tread Wear Patterns (3) Steering Wheel Pull (4) Abnormal Noises.

List and summarize the six major parts of an ABS modulator.

(!) Brake fluid reservoir - a container for holding and extra supply of brake fluid. (2) Brake solenoid valve block - an electro-hydraulic device that contains coil operated valves that control brake fluid flow to each wheel brake cylinder. (3) Brake Accumulator - a chamber for storing extra brake fluid under high pressure. (4) Brake Fluid Pump and Motor - a high pressure pump operated by a small electric motor that provides brake fluid pressure for ABS system. (5) Brake Pressure Switch - a sensor that monitors brake fluid pressure and controls operation of the electric motor for the hydraulic pump. (6) Brake master cylinder booster assembly - a conventional master cylinder with power assist for operating brakes under normal conditions.

What are three typical symptoms of manual transaxle problems?

(1) Abnormal bearing and gear noises. (2) Shifting problems. (3)Fluid leaks.

Describe three symptoms of front drive axle troubles.

(1) Abnormal noises. (2) Vibrations. (3) Excessive play in universal joints.

Identify four functions of a manual transmission in proper operating condition.

(1) Be able to increase torque going to the drive wheels for quick acceleration. (2)Supply different gear ratios to match different engine load conditions. (3) Have a reverse gear for moving backwards. (4) Provide the driver with an easy means of shifting transmission gears. (5) Allow downshifting into any gear while the vehicle is moving, with all gears synchronized. (6) Operate quitely, with minimum power loss.

List and explain the six basic parts of a brake system.

(1) Brake Pedal Assembly - this is a foot lever for operating the master cylinder and power booster. (2) Master Cylinder - a hydraulic piston pump that develops pressure for the hydraulic brake system. (3) Brake Booster - a vacuum, electric, or power steering operated device that assists brake pedal applications. (4) Brake Lines and Hoses - Metal tubing and rubber hose that transmit pressure to the wheel brake assemblies. (5) Wheel Brake Assemblies - hydraulic mechanical mechanisms that use hydraulic pressure to produce friction to slow or stop each wheel. (6) Emergency Brakes - mechanical or electric systems for applying rear brake assemblies.

Describe the four major parts of a disc brake assembly.

(1) Caliper - An assembly that holds a hydraulic cylinder, piston, seals, and brake pads. (2) Caliper Cylinder - a machined hole into which the piston fits. (3) Brake Pads - friction members that are pushed against the disc by the action of the master cylinder, caliper and piston. (4) Brake Disc - A large metal rotor that holds the wheel and tire and uses friction from the brake pads to stop or slow wheel rotation.

List four points to consider when diagnosing bearing failures.

(1) Check the general condition of all parts during disassembly, not just the most badly worn or damaged parts. (2) Compare the failure to any information in the service manual and your knowledge of component operation. (3) Determine the cause of the part failure. This helps ensure that the problem does not reoccur. (4) Make all repairs following manufacturer's recommendations and secifications.

Name five general rules to remember when servicing a transaxle.

(1) Do not dent or nick the gasket sealing surfaces during disassembly or cleaning. (2) Keep all parts organized so that used parts can be returned to their original positions. (3) Clean all parts and closely inspect them for damage. Replace any parts showing wear. (4) Replace all gaskets and seals. (5) Use special tools when needed. (6) During reassembly, measure all gears, shafts, bearings, and other critical components as described in a shop manual. (7) Measure bearing preload as described in the service manual. (8) Make sure all snap rings, shims, and other parts are installed correctly. (9) Torque all bolts to specifications.

List the seven basic steps for wheel alignment.

(1) Inspect and correct, tire, steering, and suspension problems. (2) Adjust caster. (3) Adjust camber and recheck caster. (4) Adjust toe. (5) Check toe out in turns (needed if there is damage.) (6) Check caster, camber and toe on rear wheels. (7) Check tracking.

Describe the three operating modes of an ABS modulator.

(1) Isolation Mode - ABS control module detects that a tire is starting to skid and energizes the modulator to isolate that hydraulic circuit from the other brake lines. (2) Dump Mode - ABS releases hydraulic pressure to one or more of the brake wheel cylinders or calipers to stop tire skidding. (3) Reapply Mode - ABS applies pressure to one or more of the wheel brake assemblies to reapply the brakes during pressure modulation.

What are four functions of a master cylinder?

(1) It develops pressure, causing the wheel cylinder piston to move toward the discs or drums. (2) After all the shoes or pads produce sufficient friction, it helps equalize the pressure required for braking. (3) It keeps the system full of fluid as the brake linings wear. (4) It can maintain a slight pressure to keep contaminants from entering the system.

List and explain three types of brake noise.

(1) Metal on Metal Grinding - the sound occurs only when braking. It may be due to worn brake linings, the shoe or pad may be rubbing on the metal drum or brake disc. (2) Squeak - this may be caused by the glazed brake linings. An unlubricated brake drum backing plate, foreign material embedded in the linings, or a wear indicator rubbing on a rotor. (3) Rattle - it may be due to a missing anti-rattle clip or disconnected spring on the brake caliper assembly. Loose or disconnected parts in the drum brake assembly can also cause a rattle from inside the brake assembly.

Describe the two major types of transmission shift linkages.

(1) On an external shift rod, rods fit into levers on the shift mechanism and fork assembly. Spring clips hold the rods on the levers. One end of each linkage rod is threaded so that the linkage can be adjusted. (2) With an internal shift rail, the bottom of the shift lever catches in one of the gates when the driver shifts gears. Each gate is mounteed on a shift rail. Since the fork is located on the rail, it is also moved when changing gears.

List and explain the four major parts found on a power rack-and-pinion steering system but not on a manual rack-and-pinion system.

(1) Power Cylinder - a hydraulic cylinder machined inside the rack or gear housing. (2) Power Piston - a hydraulic double acting piston formed on the rack shaft. (3) Hydraulic Lines - steel tubing connecting control valve and power cylinder. (4) Control Valve - a rotary valve or spool valve that regulates pressure entry into each end of the power cylinder.

List three functions of camber.

(1) Prevent tire wear. (2) Load the larger inner wheel bearing. (3) AId in steering by placing the vehicle weight on the inner end of the spindle.

Name five functions of the steering system.

(1) Provide precise control of the front wheel direction and sometimes the rear wheel direction. (2) Maintain the correct amount of effort needed to turn the wheels. (3) Transmit road feel to the drivers hands. (4) Absorb most of the shock going into the steering wheel as the tires hit bumps and holes in the road (5) Allows for suspension action.

List six possible advantages of a front-wheel-drive vehicle with a transaxle over a rear-wheel-drive vehicle with a transaxle.

(1) Reduced drive train weight and improved efficiency. (2) Improved traction on slippery pavement. (3) Increased passenger compartment space. (4) Smooth ride because of less unsprung weight. (5) Quiter operation because engine and drive train noise is centrally located in the engine compartment. (6) Improved safety because of increased mass in front of passengers.

List the seven major steps for drum brake service.

(1) Remove parts from the backing plate. (2) Clean and inspect the parts. (3) Replace the brake shoes. (4) Replace or rebuild the wheel cylinders. (5) Turn (resurface) the brake drums. (6) Lubricate ans reassemble the brake parts. (7) Preadjust, bleed, and test the brakes.

List the four major operations done during disc brake service.

(1) Replace worn brake pads. (2) Rebuild the caliper assembly. (3) Turn (machine) the brake discs. (4) Bleed the system.

What are four functions of a drive shaft?

(1) Sends turning power from the transmission to the rear axle assembly. (2) Flexes and allows vertical movement of the rear axle assembly. (3) Provides a sliding action to adjust for changes in driveline length. (4) Provides smooth power transfer.

What are three typical symptoms of automatic transaxle problems?

(1) Slipping in gear. (2) Abnormal noises. (3) Fluid leaks.

In addition to the steering column, shaft, and wheel, list and explain the four major parts of a manual rack-and-pinion steering system.

(1) Steering Pinion Gear - a small gear rotated by steering wheel and steering shaft, with teeth that mesh with the teeth on the rack. (2) Rack - a long steel bar with teeth along one section that slides sideways in its housing as the pinion gear turns. (3) Gear Housing - it holds the pinion gear and the rack. (4) Tie-Rods - they are steel rods with swivel sockets on each end that connect the rack with the two front steering knuckles.

List and explain the six major parts of a linkage-type steering system.

(1) Steering Wheel - it is used by the driver to rotate a steering shaft that passes through the steering column and firewall. (2) Steering Shaft - a long steel shaft that transfers turning motion from the steering wheel to the steering gearbox. (3) Steering Column - a hollow tube that supports the steering wheel and steering shaft. (4) Steering Gearbox - it changes turning motion into straight line motion for moving the steering knuckles. (5) Steering Linkage - It connects steering gearbox to steering knuckles and wheels. (6) Ball Sockets - they are grease filled swivel joints on the tie rod ends that allow linkage arms to swivel up and down and from left to right.

List eight functions of a suspension system.

(1) Supports the weight of the body (2) Provides a smooth ride (3) Prevents body roll when cornering (4) Keeps tires in contact with the ground (5) Prevents body squat when accelerating (6) Prevents body dive when braking (7) Allows front wheels to turn side to side for steering (8) Helps to keep wheels in correct alignment

What are two situations when you must deflate the tire before you remove it?

(1) The tire has been driven underinflated ( at 80% or less of its recommended pressure.) (2) There is obvious or suspencted damage to the tire and rim components.

List the three basic functions of caster.

(1) To aid directional control. (2) To cause the wheels to return to the straight-ahead position. (3) To offset road crown pull.

In addition to the brake warning light in the instrument cluster and the sensor trigger wheels, list and describe the four major parts of an anti-lock brake system.

(1) Wheel speed sensors - magnetic pickups for detecting the rotational speed of each tire and wheel assembly. (2) ABS Control Module - A small computer, or processor, that uses sensor inputs to control electro-hydraulic modulator. (3) Electro-hydraulic modulator - a control module operated solenoid valve and electric pump module that cycles pressure to each wheel brake sylinder if its speed begins to slow down too much, indicating tire skid or wheel lockup. (4) Hydraulic brake circuits or channels (ABS channel) - a circuit to feed ABS hydraulic brake pressure to wheel cylinders or caliper pistons.

All of the following are basic components of a linkage steering system except: A. Steering Gearbox B. Steering Rack C. Steering Shaft D. Ball Sockets.

(B) Steering Rack

Excessive steering wheel play is usually shown by turning the steering wheel more than _____ without causing front wheel movement.

1 1/2 in (38mm).

What is the maximum allowable difference at intersecting points?

1/8in.

Power steering pump pressure can exceed:

1000 psi (6895 kPa).

Explain how a continuously variable transaxle can increase fuel economy.

A CVT possesses an infinte number of drive ratios, rather than three, four, or five forward speeds. The CVT uses spring loaded, two piece pulleys that have variable diameters. The variable diameter and driving ratios maintain the vehicle's road speed without changing the engine or motor generator speed, creating the ability to keep the engine at its most efficient operation. This may result in up to a 25% increase in fuel economy.

When is a center support bearing needed and why?

A center support bearing is needed to hold the middle of a two-piece drive shaft. Pickup trucks commonly use a center support bearing beacuse of the long distance between the transmission and rear axle.

What are the two basic functions of a tire?

A cusion between the road and metal wheel, and they provide traction.

What is the difference between a fixed transmission solenoid and a variable transmission solenoid?

A fixed transmission solenoid can produce only fully "on" or "off" locations for the spool valve to open or close the fluid flow control valve. A variable transmission solenoid can adjust the distance of spool valve opening by conducting different ECM duty cycles or signal frequencies.

Explain the difference between a hunting gearset and a nonhunting gearset.

A hunting gearset does not mesh the same gear teeth during each revolution of the ring gear. A nonhunting gearset meshes the same gear teeth over and over during gearset operation.

A car equipped with manual rack-and-pinion steering is brought into the shop with excessive steering wheel play. Technician A adjusts the steering gear. Technician B adjusts the idler arm. Who is right?

A only.

A car's steering wheel does not return to the straight-ahead position after turning. Technician A adjusts the automobile's caster angle. Technician B says the car's caster angle has nothing to do with this problem. Who is right?

A only.

A customer wants to know why his car's wheels are out of alignment. Technician A says weak suspension system springs can affect an automobile's wheel alignment. Technician B says vehicle suspension problems cannot cause wheel misalignment. Who is right?

A only.

A manual transaxle's lubricant level needs to be checked. Technician A looks for the transaxle's dipstick or fill hole. Technician B says all manual transaxles use a dipstick for checking lubricant level. Who is right?

A only.

Vibration is coming from a car's center and rear. Technician A checks the condition of the rear tires. Technician B checks the front ball joints. Who is right?

A only.

A particular transmission's drive gear has 10 teeth and the gear being driven has 30 teeth. Technician A says the gear ratio in this situation would be 3:1. Technician B says the gear ratio in this situation would be 4:1. Who is right?

A only.

An automobile has a dropping brake pedal. Technician A looks for an internal master cylinder leak. Technician B checks for a scored or gouged brake rotor. Who is right?

A only.

An automobile has a metal-on-metal grinding sound when the brakes are applied. Technician A inspects the brake linings. Technician B looks for a leaking wheel cylinder. Who is right?

A only.

An automobile is brought into the shop with an automatic transmission "slippage" problem. Technician A checks the transmission's fluid level. Technician B inspects the condition of the transmission's valve body first. Who is right?

A only.

Brake dust has accumulated on an automobile's wheel brake assemblies. Technician A uses a brake vacuum machine to remove this dust. Technician B uses compressed air to remove this dust. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A adjusts an automobile's camber angle to help prevent tire wear on the inner or outer tread. Technician B adjusts an automobile's caster angle to help prevent tire wear on the inner or outer tread. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says "toe-in" is produced when the front of the wheels are closer together than the rear of the wheels. Technician B says "toe-in" is produced when the front of the wheels are farther apart than the rear of the wheels. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says a drive shaft assembly's slip yoke is normally splined to the transmission output shaft. Technician B says the drive shaft assembly's slip yoke is usually bolted to the transmission output shaft. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says a dual master cylinder's rear piston assembly is called the primary piston. Technician B says a dual master cylinder's rear piston assembly is called the secondary piston. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says a pilot bearing is a bushing that supports the forward end of the transmission input shaft. Technician B says a pilot bearing is a bushing that reduces friction between the clutch fork and pressure plate. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says a push rod connects the brake pedal to the master cylinder piston. Technician B says a steel plate connects the brake pedal to the master cylinder piston. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says a scan tool will usually test the action of major ABS components by energizing them. Technician B says that a scan tool does not have this capability. Who is correct?

A only.

Technician A says an automotive strut assembly normally consists of a shock absorber, a coil spring, and an upper damper unit. Technician B says an automotive strut assembly normally consists of a shock absorber, a coil spring, and a control arm. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says cars equipped with a transaxle can use either a manual transmission or automatic transmission. Technician B says cars equipped with a transaxle can only use manual transmissions. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says cars with manual steering have more "negative" caster than cars with power steering. Technician B says cars with power steering have more "negative" caster than cars with manual steering. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says certain automobiles are equipped with disc brakes on all four wheels. Technician B says disc brakes are most commonly used on an automobile's rear wheels. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says coil springs are used on either the front or the rear of an automobile. Technician B says coil springs are only used on the front of an automobile. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says modern differential ring and pinion gears are hypoid type. Technician B says modern differential ring and pinion gears are classified as a spiral bevel gearset. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says older vehicles used tires equipped with inner tubes. Technician B says vehicles always came from the factory equipped with tubeless tires. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says one of the purposes of caster is to aid directional control of the vehicle. Technician B says one of the purposes of caster is to load the larger inner wheel bearing. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says that you must set the sensor air gap on some vehicles. Technician B says that the air gap between the sensor and trigger wheel needs to be increased each year the vehicle is in service. Who is correct?

A only.

Technician A says the alignment of the front wheels is changed when a tie-rod is changed. Technician B says that during steering wheel and air bag removal, it is recommended to keep the vehicle battery connected. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says the input shaft on a manual transaxle turns the gears in the transaxle. Technician B says the input shaft on a manual transaxle powers the torque converter. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says the term "caster" refers to the forward or rearward tilt of the steering knuckle when viewed from the side of the car. Technician B says the term "caster" refers to the forward or rearward tilt of the tie-rod when viewed from the side of the car. Who is right?

A only.

Technician A says with "positive" camber, the tops of the wheels tilt outward when viewed from the front of the car. Technician B says with "positive" camber, the tops of the wheels tilt inward when viewed from the front of the car. Who is right?

A only.

The transaxle on a front-wheel-drive car must be removed for major repairs. Technician A says that on most front-wheel-drive cars, the transaxle can be disconnected from the engine and removed from the bottom of the engine compartment. Technician B says that on any front-wheel-drive car, the transaxle and engine must be removed together through the top of the engine compartment. Who is right?

A only.

Vibration is coming from an automobile's front end. Technician A checks the condition of the car's front tires. Technician B says automotive tire problems will not produce front-end vibration. Who is right?

A only.

Explain the two methods commonly used to hold a rear drive axle in its housing.

A retainer plate type axle is commonly used with a removeable carrier placed on the outside of the housing. A C-clip type axle is frequently used with an integral carrier, and the C-clips are placed on the inner ends of the axles.

What is a servo?

A servo is an apply piston that operates the automatic transmission bands.

What is a stall test?

A test that uses a tachometer to detect transmission slippage or a malfunctioning torque converter.

Explain the basic operation of a transfer case.

A transfer case sends power to both the front and rear axle assemblies in a four wheel drive vehicle.

What is a transaxle?

A transmission and a differential combined in a single assembly.

What usually causes brake pedal vibration?

A warped disc or an out of round brake drum.

What is the benefit of a wet clutch?

A wet clutch does not slip, as a fluid coupling or torque converter may, and is more energy efficient.

List several symptoms of common suspension system problems.

Abnormal noises, tire wear, steering wheel pull, front end shimmy.

A(n) _____ is used in the apply circuit of a band or clutch to cushion initial application of oil pressure.

Accumulator.

Why are crowns used in vehicle bodies?

Adds beauty and strength.

What is the potential danger of spinning a bearing with compressed air?

Air pressure can make the bearing whirl at tremendously high speed. The bearing can explode and fly apart with lethal force.

Which of the following components can wear and cause play in the steering system? (A) Tie Rod End. (B) Idler Arm. (C) B (D) All of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following pertains to caster? A. Measured in degrees. B. A directional control angle. C. Can be used to offset road crown. D. All of the above.

All of the above.

What does federal traffic law specify regarding trailer breaks?

All trailers that require brakes shall have a means of activating the trailer brakes under trailer breakaway conditions.

What is used to check driveline angle?

An angle gauge that reads in degrees.

What does the term "trajectory zone" mean?

An unexpected movement path of rim components should they burst apart unexpectedly.

A(n) _____ system prevents wheel lockup during hard braking.

Anti-lock brake.

List three common causes of drive shaft vibration.

Any problem affecting drive shaft balance, runout, and angle of shaft.

Clutch disc lining may contain _____, which is a known cancer-causing substance.

Asbestos.

Where do automatic transmission fluid leaks commonly occur?

At the rear seal, front seal, oil pan gasket, extension housing gasket, abd shift lever shaft seal.

What are the two types of lubricant commonly used in manual transaxles?

Automatic transmission fluid and manual transmission gear oil.

A "buzzing" sound is coming from an automobile's power steering system when the wheel is turned. Technician A tells the owner of the vehicle that this problem may be the result of a damaged pitman arm. Technician B tells the owner of the vehicle that this problem may be caused by air in the power steering system. Who is right?

B only.

A car equipped with disc brakes is brought into the shop with worn front wheel bearings. Technician A replaces the bearings and packs the new bearings with all-purpose bearing grease. Technician B replaces the bearings and packs the new bearings with high-temperature wheel-bearing grease. Who is right?

B only.

A car is brought into the shop with a worn clutch. Technician A tells the owner of the car that highway driving will wear out a clutch faster than city driving. Technician B tells the owner that city driving wears out a clutch faster than highway driving. Who is right?

B only.

A car's drive shaft needs to be checked for runout. Technician A is going to use an inside micrometer to perform this task. Technician B is going to use a dial indicator to perform this task. Who is right?

B only.

A car's manual transaxle produces a noise in every gear. Technician A inspects the condition of the valve body. Technician B checks the condition of the transaxle's shaft bearings. Who is right?

B only.

A car's steering wheel turns three inches before causing movement of the front wheels. Technician A tells the owner of the vehicle that this indicates normal play in the steering system. Technician B tells the owner of the vehicle that this indicates excessive steering wheel play. Who is right?

B only.

A car's strut shock absorbers are being replaced. During the procedure, Technician A says jack stands must be placed under the vehicle's strut assemblies. Technician B says jack stands should be placed under the axles. Who is right?

B only.

A customer complains of excessive right-front tire wear. The tread is worn along the outer edges. The center of the tread shows little wear. Technician A says that incorrect alignment is causing the wear and that the car needs a wheel alignment. Technician B says that underinflation could be the problem and that tire pressure should be checked. Who is correct?

B only.

A grinding sound is coming from an automobile's drive shaft assembly. Technician A inspects the condition of the slip yoke. Technician B checks for a bad universal joint. Who is right?

B only.

A manual transmission is not operating properly. Technician A says the first step is to remove the transmission from the vehicle and begin teardown. Technician B says the first step is to determine the cause of the problem. Who is right?

B only.

A vehicle's body bounces five times after a "shock bounce test" is performed. Technician A says this indicates that the shocks are in good condition. Technician B says the results of this test indicate bad shock absorbers. Who is right?

B only.

A whining noise is coming from an automobile's drive shaft assembly. Technician A says this problem is the result of a bad transmission input shaft bushing. Technician B looks for a worn center support bearing. Who is right?

B only.

An automatic transmission's fluid has a "milky" color. Technician A checks to see if engine oil is leaking into the transmission. Technician B checks to see if engine coolant is leaking into one of the transmission lines. Who is right?

B only.

An automobile has a spongy brake pedal. Technician A checks to see if the brake pad linings are too thin compared to specs. Technician B bleeds the brake system. Who is right?

B only.

An automobile's clutch has too much "free play." Technician A says this problem can cause clutch slippage. Technician B says this problem can cause clutch dragging. Who is right?

B only.

An automotive brake disc has 0.001" runout. Technician A wants to replace the brake disc. Technician B says this amount of runout is normally within specifications. Who is right?

B only.

Bulges are discovered on an automobile's front tires. Technician A immediately replaces the tires. Technician B is not going to replace the tires until after determining the cause of the tire damage. Who is right?

B only.

Noise is coming from a steering pump. Technician A checks the inner tie-rod ends. Technician B checks the pump's fluid level. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says "worm gear" steering systems are used on most modern automobiles. Technician B says rack-and-pinion steering systems are used on most late-model automobiles. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says a differential's ring and pinion drive gears are never manufactured as a matched set. Technician B says a differential's ring and pinion gears are commonly manufactured as a matched set. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says a hydraulic system uses air to transmit motion or pressure from one point to another. Technician B says a hydraulic system uses a liquid to transmit motion or pressure from one point to another. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says a manual transaxle transmission is always driven by a drive shaft powered by the engine's crankshaft. Technician B says a manual transaxle transmission is sometimes driven by a chain link powered by the engine's crankshaft. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says a steel mesh collapsible steering column is a one-piece unit. Technician B says a steel mesh collapsible steering column is a two-piece unit. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says a suspension system's control arm fastens the steering knuckle to the shock absorber. Technician B says the control arm fastens the steering knuckle to the frame. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says an automatic transmission's extension housing supports the transmission input shaft. Technician B says an automatic transmission's extension housing supports the transmission output shaft. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says an automatic transmission's valve body connects and disconnects the engine and transmission. Technician B says an automatic transmission's torque converter connects and disconnects the engine and transmission. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says an automobile's rear axles transfer torque to the differential pinion gear. Technician B says an automobile's rear axles transfer torque to the rear wheels. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says an automotive tire's beads are used to stiffen the tire treads. Technician B says an automotive tire's beads are used to hold the sidewalls against the wheel rim. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says an automotive tire's body plies provide a leakproof membrane for modern tubeless tires. Technician B says an automotive tire's liner provides a leakproof membrane for modern tubeless tires. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says clutch disc torsion springs are used to fasten the clutch disc to the transmission input shaft. Technician B says clutch disc torsion springs help absorb some of the vibration produced by clutch engagement. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says drive shaft balancing weights are usually bolted to the drive shaft. Technician B says drive shaft balancing weights are normally welded to the drive shaft. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says front-wheel-drive cars use a driveline with a single, long drive shaft. Technician B says front-wheel-drive cars are usually equipped with two drive axle shafts. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says that screws are normally used to secure front drive axle CV joint boots. Technician B says that straps are normally used to secure front drive axle CV joint boots. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says the clutch disc is bolted to the transmission input shaft. Technician B says the clutch disc is splined to the transmission input shaft. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says transaxles are used only on front-wheel-drive cars. Technician B says transaxles are used on front-wheel-drive cars and certain types of rear-engine cars. Who is right?

B only.

Technician A says when a manual transmission is in neutral, all of the synchronizer sleeves are located at the end of the countershaft. Technician B says when a manual transmission is in neutral, all of the synchronizer sleeves are located in the center of their hubs. Who is right?

B only.

The check valves in an automatic transmission are possibly malfunctioning. Technician A uses an ohmmeter to check the operation of these valves. Technician B performs an air test to check the operation of these valves. Who is right?

B only.

The lubricant in a limited-slip differential needs changing. Technician A tells the owner of the vehicle that all differential lubricant is the same. Technician B tells the owner of the car that certain limited-slip differentials require a special type of lubricant. Who is right?

B only.

While discussing the functions of the basic parts of a manual transmission, Technician A says the input shaft transfers rotating power out of the transmission to the drive shaft. Technician B says the input shaft is used to turn the gears inside the transmission. Who is right?

B only.

What are the four main components of automatic transmission construction?

Bell housing, case, pan, and extension housing.

A master cylinder should be _____ before installation to remove air from the unit.

Bench bled.

What will a low crown do if you press it and release it by hand?

Bend out of shape then snap back into shape.

A power brake vacuum _____ uses engine vacuum to apply the hydraulic brake system.

Booster.

A car enters the shop with the ABS light glowing. Technician A says to inspect the system for obvious troubles. Technician B says to also use a scan tool to help find the problem. Who is correct?

Both A and B.

A car is brought into the shop with a possible ball joint problem. Technician A uses a ball joint wear indicator to check the condition of the automobile's ball joints. Technician B jacks up the vehicle and moves the control arm and joint. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A car is brought into the shop with excessive steering wheel play. Technician A checks for worn ball sockets. Technician B checks the condition of the system's idler arm. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A car is brought into the shop with grabbing brakes. Technician A looks for worn brake linings. Technician B looks for a faulty metering valve. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A car with an electronic air suspension is brought into the shop with an air compressor problem. Technician A checks the compressor's electrical connections and its source of voltage. Technician B tests the compressor's output pressure with a pressure gauge. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A car's front tires are worn excessively. Technician A checks the car's front-wheel alignment. Technician B checks the tire's inflation pressure. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A clutch is being tested for slippage. Technician A says when performing this test, the emergency brake should be engaged. Technician B says when testing a clutch for slippage, the car's transmission should be placed in high gear. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A customer complains that her vehicle's ride is very rough and the vehicle continues to rebound long after going over humps in the road. Technician A says that a bounce test is needed to check the shocks. Technician B says that a general inspection for worn suspension parts is also needed. Who is correct?

Both A and B.

A customer wants his/her automobile's universal joints greased. Technician A tells the customer that certain modern universal joints are normally sealed units that are filled with grease at the factory. Technician B tells the customer that some universal joints have grease fittings that allow for lubrication. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A customer wants to know what caused his/ her car's ring and pinion gears to malfunction. Technician A says prolonged service may have caused this problem. Technician B says low differential lubricant level may have caused this problem. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A manual transmission is hard to shift into gear. Technician A looks for a bent shift rod. Technician B checks the condition of the clutch. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A new ABS modulator is being installed on a vehicle. Technician A says you may have to transfer the old combination valve to the new unit. Technician B says to coat all rubber parts with clean brake fluid. Who is correct?

Both A and B.

A rear axle must be removed from its housing. Technician A says a retainer plate may be used to hold this axle in its housing. Technician B says a C-clip may be used to hold this particular axle in its housing. Who is right?

Both A and B.

A service writer says a customer's car has a brake system problem. Technician A road tests the car to detect any strange noises. Technician B checks the car around the master cylinder, brake lines, and wheel assemblies for any unusual odors. Who is right?

Both A and B.

An automatic transaxle slips when placed in gear. Technician A checks for worn bands. Technician B checks the transaxle's fluid level. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Brass-colored particles are discovered in the case of a manual transmission during disassembly. Technician A checks the condition of the thrust washers. Technician B believes one or more synchronizers could be damaged. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Noise is coming from a car's rear drive axle assembly. Technician A checks for broken pinion gear teeth. Technician B inspects the condition of the ring gear. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Technician A says a ball joint allows control arm movement. Technician B says a ball joint allows steering knuckle movement. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Technician A says a drive shaft assembly sends turning power from the transmission to the rear axle assembly. Technician B says a drive shaft assembly must flex and allow up and down movement of the rear axle assembly. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Technician A says a pitman arm is a component of a parallelogram linkage. Technician B says an idler arm is a component of a parallelogram linkage. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Technician A says a rear drive axle assembly splits the amount of torque going to each wheel. Technician B says a rear drive axle assembly transfers torque through a 90° angle. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Technician A says a speed-sensitive steering system uses a control module (computer) in its design. Technician B says that when making a sharp turn with an electronic four-wheel steering system, the rear wheels will turn in the opposite direction of the front wheels. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Technician A says an atmospheric suspended vacuum brake booster works on both sides of the diaphragm or piston. Technician B says a vacuum suspended booster works on both sides of the piston or diaphragm. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Technician A says certain automotive power brake systems use engine vacuum to assist brake pedal application. Technician B says certain automotive power brake systems use a vacuum pump to assist brake pedal application. Who is right?

Both A and B.

Technician A says tire markings on the sidewall of a tire give information about tire load-carrying ability. Technician B says tire markings on the sidewall of a tire provide the maximum recommended inflation pressure. Who is right?

Both A and B.

While discussing the basic parts of an automotive wheel bearing, Technician A says the bearing's outer race is sometimes pressed into the automobile's steering knuckle. Technician B says a wheel bearing's outer race is sometimes pressed into the hub. Who is right?

Both A and B.

How much fluid should typically be in a master cylinder?

Brake fluid level should be 1/4in or 6mm from the top of the master cylinder reservoir.

A(n) _____ switch signals the main control module when the driver begins to slow or stop the vehicle.

Brake pedal.

What happens when a tire skids or slides during hard braking?

Braking distance can increase, and steering control can be lost.

Steering system noise can be caused by all of the following problems except:

Broken Condenser.

How do you check for ball joint wear?

By using a ball joint wear indicator or jacking up the vehicle and physically moving the control arm and joint.

_____ is the inward or outward tilt of the wheel and tire assembly when viewed from the front of the vehicle.

Camber.

_____ is the forward or rearward tilt of the steering knuckle or steering support when viewed from the side of the vehicle.

Caster.

During clutch engagement, oil pressure is routed into the _____.

Clutch drum.

An automotive _____ connects and disconnects the engine and manual transmission or transaxle.

Clutch.

A(n) _____ is needed to remove and install a suspension system coil spring.

Coil spring compressor.

Define the phrase "leaf spring windup."

Condition that causes the rear leaf spring to flex when driving or braking forces are applied to the suspension system.

List and explain the six major parts of a suspension system.

Control Arm Steering Knuckle Ball Joint Suspension Spring Shock Absorber Control Arm Bushing

Define the terms curb height and curb weight.

Curb height is the distance from a point on the vehicle to the ground. Curb weight is generally the weight of the vehicle with a full tank of fuel with no passengers or luggage.

Which of the following is not normally needed during strut service? A. Shock or strut cartridge. B. Jack stands or a car lift. C. Spring compressor. D. Air chisel.

D. Air Chisel

If you replace a faulty rim component on a three piece wheel assembly, what must you do with the old piece?

Destroy the faulty component before placing it in the scrap pile.

A(n) _____ system uses a liquid to transmit motion or pressure from one part to another.

Hydraulic.

What are the most common reasons for electric brake failure?

Deterioration of painted automotive grade brake springs, adhesively bonded shoe pads become detached from their foundation plates, and corrosion due to water soaked magnetic electrical insulation.

The _____ must be capable of providing torque to both axles when turning corners.

Differential

In addition to reducing stopping distances, ABS improves driver and passenger safety by increasing _____ under panic stop conditions.

Directional Stability.

The term _____ generally refers to the parts that transfer power from the transmission to the drive wheels.

Driveline.

Summarize the preadjustment procedure for drum brakes.

FIt a brake adjusting guage into the brake drum. Set guage for the inside diameter of the drum. Tighten lock on the guage. Fit the guage over the brake shoes, and then turn the star wheel or move the adjuster arm until the linings touch the guage. This will ensure that linings are the correct distance from the inside of the drum.

A strut rod is used to keep the steering knuckle from swiveling. True or False?

False.

All-purpose grease can be used to pack wheel bearings on a car with disc brakes. True or False?

False.

Many tires have a maximum recommended inflation pressure of 22 psi (152 kPa). True or False?

False.

The idler arm supports the pitman arm on the passenger side of the vehicle. True or False?

False.

Why are floating and sliding calipers more common than fixed calipers?

Floating and sliding calipers are used to avoid vibration problems.

Which center section component provides main structural support for the passenger compartment?

Floor Pan.

Why is a dual master cylinder used?

For added safety.

A(n) _____ tool or _____ is needed to force the ball joint stud from the steering knuckle.

Fork, ball joint separator.

Which reinforcements are used in door panels and floor pans, and serve as structural members?

Formed and welded.

In which body section can the firewall be found?

Front.

_____ brakes apply too quickly, even with light pedal application.

Grabbing.

What should not be done to seat lock rings or side rings on a three piece wheel assembly?

Hammering the components, especially if the tire is inflated or partially inflated.

How does a self-sealing tire work?

Has self healing compound applied to its liners. If a nail punctures a self sealing tire, air pressure will push the soft compound into the hole to stop the air leakage.

Why should you not use heat to remove a "frozen" king pin?

Heat can weaken the temper and integrity of the axle. It can also melt the nylon bushings.

The teeth on _____ gears are machined at an angle to the centerline of the gear shaft.

Helical.

A(n) _____ uses a simple hydraulic circuit to transfer clutch pedal action to the clutch fork.

Hydraulic clutch release mechanism.

_____ suspension allows one wheel to move up and down with a minimum effect on the other wheels.

Independent

The _____ shaft is the center shaft that fits between the two CV joints.

Interconnecting.

What is the purpose of using a compound planetary gearset?

It can provide more forward gear ratios than a simple planetary gearset.

What is normally the cause of burned transmission oil?

It is caused by band and clutch friction material failure. It means serious damage has occurred, and rgw transmission will need major repairs.

What is gear backlash?

It is the small clearance between the meshing hear teeth. Backlash allows lubricating oil to enter the high friction area between the gear teeth and allows the gears to expand during operation without binding or damage.

What should you do if the drive shaft is within recommended runout limits but still vibrates?

It may need to be balanced by a machine shop that has specialized drive-shaft balancing equipment.

What is the function of an automatic clutch adjuster?

It removes play from the clutch cable as components wear.

What is the main purpose of the pressure plate cover?

Its main purpose is to hold the parts of the pressure plate assembly together.

What are some conditions you should look for during your preliminary inspection of a frame?

Kinks, bends, rips, tears in side members, cracks in welded conditions, loose rivets bolts and brackets.

Which of the following is not a type of tire used on passenger cars? A. Radial. B. Bias ply. C. Lateral ply. D. Belted bias.

Lateral Ply.

Explain the difference between lateral runout and radial runout.

Lateral runout is side to side movement. Radial runout is caused by a difference in radius from the center axis of rotation.

_____ _____ often require a special type of gear fluid with friction additives intended for the wet clutch packs in modern differentials.

Limited-slip differentials.

How does a proportioning valve equalize braking action?

Limits pressure to the rear drum brakes when high pressure is needed to apply the front disc brakes. Consequently, the proportioning valve prevents rear wheel lockup during heavy brake application.

A drive chain is sometimes used to send crankshaft power to the transaxle with a(n) _____ mounted engine.

Longitudinally.

List the 4 basic crowns.

Low, High, Combined, Reverse.

What is the purpose of transfering the measurements to the floor?

Make measurements with great ease and accuracy.

What are the three methods for bleeding a vehicle brake system?

Manual, Pressure, Vacuum.

How do you measure axle end play?

Mount the indicator so that the indicator plunger is parallel with the axle centerline. Set the indicator needle on zero. Pull the axle in and out while watching the indicator. Compare the readings to factory specifications.

A car veers to the right when the brakes are applied. Technician A checks the vehicle's front end alignment. Technician B looks for a frozen caliper. Who is right?

Neither A nor B.

A scan tool shows a problem with the right front wheel speed sensor circuit. Technician A says that after servicing the sensor, the ABS control module must be reprogrammed. Technician B says to replace the brake master cylinder. Who is correct?

Neither A nor B.

A stall test is being performed on an automatic transmission. Technician A places the transmission in high gear during this test. Technician B places the transmission in neutral during this test. Who is right?

Neither A nor B.

Technician A says an automotive master cylinder is a device that uses brake system pressure to produce friction for stopping wheel rotation. Technician B says an automotive master cylinder holds the wheel cylinder piston and brake pads. Who is right?

Neither A nor B.

Technician A says the torque converter housing bolts to the rear of the transmission case. Technician B says the converter housing bolts to the front of the automatic transmission's extension housing. Who is right?

Neither A nor B.

What components are normally included in a CV joint kit?

New joint components, grease, a boot, and boot straps.

Does a high crown surface bend easily when you apply hand pressure?

No.

Drive shaft problems can normally be classified into two categories: drive shaft _____ and drive shaft _____.

Noise, vibration.

Name and describe the basic parts of a wheel bearing.

Outer Race - a steel cup or cone pressed into hub, steering knuckle, or bearing support. Balls or Rollers - antifriction elements that fit between inner and outer races. Inner Race - a cup or cone that rests on spindle or drive axle shaft.

If special equipment is not available, what alternate method can you use to check frame alignment?

Plumb bob method.

Explain the difference between positive and negative camber.

Positive Camber, the tops of the wheels tilt outward when viewed from the front of the vehicle. Negative Camber, the tops of the wheels tilt inward when viewed from the front.

Explain the difference between positive and negative caster.

Positive caster tilts the top of the steering knuckle toward the rear of the vehicle and helps keep the vehicles wheels traveling in a striaght line. Negative caster tilts the top of the steering knuckle toward the front of the vehicle.

List the most common types of electric brake controllers.

Power only adjustment, dash mounted inertial deceleration, trailer mounted inertial deceleration, and hydraulic over electric.

_____ tests are used to determine whether fluid pressure in the various circuits is normal.

Pressure.

_____ brakes cause the vehicle to steer to the right or left when braking.

Pulling.

How do you quickly test the basic operation of a vacuum brake booster?

Pump the brake pedal several times to remove any vacuum from the booster. Then, press down lightly on the brake pedal as you start the engine. If the vacuum booster is functioning, the brake pedal will move downward slightly as soon as the engine starts.

Power steering systems normally use an engine-driven _____ and a(n) _____ system to assist steering action.

Pump, Hydraulic.

How do you check brake pad lining wear and brake shoe lining wear?

Remove one front and one rear wheel. When inspecting the disc brakes, check the thickness of the brake bad linings. They should be replaced when the most worn part of the lining is no thicker than 1/8in or 3mm. When inspecting the drum brakes, remove the brake drum to expose the brake shoes, wheel cylinder, the braking surface of the drum, the adjuster mechanism, and other parts. The brake shoe linings must never be allowed to wear. The shoes shouldn't be glazed or coated with brake fluid, grease or differential fluid. Any of these problems requires lining replacement. If contaminated, the cause must be corrected before replacing the linings.

Explain the process of removing a tire from a light duty or large single piece wheel assembly.

Remove the tire and wheel assembly from the vehicle. Remove the valve stem core to deflate the tire. Break the bead of the tire. Using two tire irons between the upper bead and rim work the bead over the rim progressing around the rim until the tire is removed.

What components comprise a standard wheel?

Rim and the spider.

Rear axle ratio is determined by comparing the number of teeth on the [ring, pinion] gear to the number of teeth on the _____ gear.

Ring, Pinion.

Tire _____ _____ is a measurement of the amount of friction produced as the tire operates on the road surface.

Rolling resistance.

A(n) _____ _____ has small ridges that hold the tire on the wheel during a tire blowout.

Safety Rim.

The _____ usually has an exploded view of the transmission, showing how each part is located in relation to the others.

Service Manual.

How do you check for clutch slippage?

Set the emergency brake and start the engine. Place the transmission or transaxle in high gear. Then, try to drive the vehicle forward by slowly releasing the clutch pedal.

How do the shift valves work?

Shift valves use control pressure (oil pressure from the regulator, solenoid valves, throttle valve, and manual valve) to operate bands, servos, and gearsets.

Summarize the basic operation of a conventional shock absorber.

Shock absorbers limit spring oscillations to smooth the vehicles ride. While most shocks are filled with oil, some shocks are filled with air, gas and oil. When the shocks are compressed or extended, the oil causes resistance to movement. A shock is connected to a suspension component and to the vehicle's body or frame, allowing the rod to be pulled in and out to resist suspension system movements.

The wheel speed sensors produce ac _____ that correspond to wheel and tire speed.

Signals.

Describe a combination valve.

Single unit that functions as a brake warning light switch, a metering valve, and/or a proportioning valve.

The _____ or _____ is splined to the transmission output shaft.

Slip Yoke, Slip Joint.

What type of wheel and tire assembly is split in half?

Split rim wheel.

What type of wheel and tire assembly is comprised of several interlocked components?

Split ring (or multi-piece)

What happens with spring fatigue?

Spring fatigue allows the vehicles body to settle toward the axles, lowering vehicle height. This changes the position of the control arms, resulting in misaligned wheels.

A(n) _____ is a listening device that can be used to isolate differential and axle noises.

Stethoscope.

What is meant by "free backing" brakes?

The brakes automatically disengage while backing.

What major problem is a differential designed to prevent?

The differential is designated to prevent the tires from sliding, squealing, and wear whenever the vehicle is turned.

Define the term clutch pedal "free play."

The distance the clutch pedal or clutch fork moves before the throw out bearing acts on the pressure plate.

What causes a brake caliper piston to retract away from the disc after brake application?

The elastic action of the piston seal acts as a spring to retract the piston.

What are the symptoms of clutch slippage?

The engine races without an increase in the vehicle's road speed.

Explain how a dash mounted interial deceleration controller works.

The inertial mass swings the pendulum forward, providing a variable electrical output to the brakes.

Why is suspension spring removal dangerous?

The lower control arm and the spring could shoot down with deadly force.

Define the term "gear ratio."

The number of revolutions a drive gear must turn before the driven gear completes one revolution.

Define the term tracking.

The position or the direction of the front two wheels in relation to the two rear wheels.

Explain the difference between a primary brake shoe and a secondary brake shoe.

The primary brake shoe is the front shoe. It normally has a slightly shorter lining. The secondary brake shoe is the rear shoe. It has the largest lining surface.

If a transmission is only noisy in second gear, what does that tell you about the problem?

The problem is due to components related to that gear.

What is the common cause of a pulsating clutch pedal?

The runout (wobble or vibration) of one of the rotating components of the clutch assembly.

Why must a wheel and tire assembly be inflated in an approved safety cage?

This allows the tire to be inflated without the technician placing his or her hands or body near the tire.

Explain the "safety" feature on light duty and large single piece wheel and tire assembly.

Tire beads are held on the wheel during blowout or flat.

What information is commonly given on the tire sidewall?

Tire: Size, model, load carrying ability, inflation pressure, number of plies, speed rating, manufacturer.

Why should you use an alignment tool or pilot shaft when installing a clutch?

To center the disc.

How is a dummy shaft used during transmission disassembly?

To drive out the countershaft and reverse idler shaft.

Why is a metering valve used?

To equalize braking action at each wheel during light brake applications.

What is the purpose of shifting the transmission into high gear before installation?

To help position the input shaft into the clutch disc during the transmission installation.

Why is an overdrive ratio used?

To increase fuel economy.

During king pin removal, why is it a good idea to hammer the area where the king pin fits into the axle beam?

To loosen rust and binding in the beam.

Define the term alignment.

To position in a straight line.

Explain the difference between toe-in and toe-out.

Toe in is produced when the wheels are closer in the front than in the rear. Toe in causes the wheels to point inward at the front. Toe out is when the wheels are further apart at the front than at the rear. Toe out causes the front of the wheels to point away from eachother.

Describe some causes of a dragging clutch.

Too much pedal free travel, a warped or bent friction disc, oil or grease or corrosion on the friction surfaces, rusted or damaged transmission input shaft splines, or other problems inside the clutch housing.

A(n) _____ is a fluid clutch that provides a means of coupling and uncoupling the engine from the transmission.

Torque converter

Clutch disc _____ springs help absorb some of the vibration and shock produced by clutch engagement.

Torsion or damping.

A power steering pressure test checks the operation of the pump, relief valve, control valve, hoses, and power piston. True or False?

True.

A pressure-relief valve is used in a power steering system to control maximum oil pressure. True or False?

True.

In a diagonally split brake system, each master cylinder cup and piston assembly operates a brake assembly on opposite sides and corners of the vehicle. True or False?

True.

What is another term for deck lid?

Trunk

Generally, how do you remove a strut assembly?

Unbolt the steering knuckle or bearing support, the brake lines, and the upper strut assembly to body fasteners.

The _____ weight of a car is the weight of the parts not supported by the springs.

Unsprung.

How does a torsion bar work?

Up and down movement if the suspension system twists the torsion bar. It will then try to return to its original shape, moving the control arm back into place.

What piece of equipment can help prevent back injuries when lifting heavy or awkward shaped wheel and tire assemblies?

Wheel dolly.

_____ _____ are attached to the rim to balance the wheel-and-tire assembly and prevent vibration.

Wheel weights.

How do you check for worn universal joints?

Wiggle and rotate each universal joint back and forth while watching for side movement. Try to detect any play between the cross and yoke.

How is the reverse solenoid activated?

Wired to the tow vehicles backup lights, the solenoid activates when the backup light signal is provided and deactivates when the signal is removed.

How do you do a "dry park test" of a steering system?

With the full weight of the vehicle on the wheels, ask someone to rock the steering wheel back and forth while you look for looseness in the steering system.

How does a constant velocity universal joint (double-cardan joint) work?

With two universal joints operating together on one end of the drive shaft, the output shaft speed fluctuations are counteracted. The action of the second joint cancels the shaft speed changes produced by the first joint.