CDE 1
A good infant/toddler program will differ from preschool education in _____. a. providing one on one care c. inconsistent communication with parents b. delayed adult responses d. high staff turnover
A
ADHD is ____. a. more often diagnosed in boys than in girls b. can be cured through surgery c. is caused by eating too much sugar d. best managed by flexible rules and routines
A
Below is a list of the hierarchy of Maslow's human needs. Which ones are basic needs? a. safety, food, shelter, security c. food, shelter, justice, respect for others b. shelter, self-sufficiency, truth, aliveness d. security, food, justice, self-sufficiency
A
Bronfenbrenner's model of development is a "joint function of a person and environment" and includes human ecosystems of both physical factors and the social environment. The child is influenced by family, neighborhood, culture and the larger society. The name for this theory is _______. a. Ecological c. Humanist b. Scaffolding d. Behaviorist
A
Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) is based on ____. a. what a teacher knows about child development b. what a teacher knows about an individual child c. what a teacher knows about the child's social and cultural background d. All of these are correct.
D
Four aspects of a sense of professionalism are ____. a. prestige, identity, career ladder, pay b. identity, literacy, career ladder, child's interests c. identity, engaging in developmentally appropriate practices, high pay, enjoyment of children d. identity, engaging in developmentally appropriate practices, commitment to ethical teaching, participation in work as a legitimate livelihood
D
Knowing something about the roots of this profession is important because it _____. a. provides support b. develops professional expression c. lays the groundwork for our own philosophy d. all of the these answers
D
Program evaluations include an assessment of _____. a. performance and behavior c. plans for the future b. areas of difficulty d. All of these are correct.
D
Staff development is____. a. always difficult and time-consuming b. legally required for all teaching staff c. a waste of time d. a professional challenge to improve your teaching
D
Teachers generally begin the year by planning ____. a. what units they like to teach b. what their director tells them to teach c. what the parents ask them to teach d. what they know about the age level they are teaching
D
Johann Pestalozzi helped develop some classic principles of education including ____. a. the integrated curriculum c. teaching math b. learning Latin and Greek d. learning symbols
the integrated curriculum
A disability in a child may lead to problems in other areas of growth.
true
A primary role for the teacher is to set the emotional tone for the classroom.
true
ADHD affects up to 3-5% of all school-age children
true
According to Piagetian theory, children think differently than adults.
true
According to the The Children of the Cost, Quality, and Outcomes Study Go to School study, children who were at risk gained the most from positive child care experiences.
true
Age-leveled chats, such as the world pictures in the text, can be misused and misunderstood
true
Behaviorists would say that the environment and daily schedule are important in learning
true
Brain maturation is reflected in the development of neurons, called myelination.
true
Early childhood educators build bridges between the child's two worlds: home and school.
true
Early childhood is also known as the "building block years."
true
Early childhood teachers are in a unique position to support early childhood identification, prevention, and treatment of Developmental problems.
true
Early childhood teachers use their observation skills to collect data and build curriculum plans.
true
Erikson believes that children have crises, or challenges, in each stage of development.
true
Friedrich Froebel coined the term "kindergarten," which means "children's garden"
true
In the mid-twentieth century, persistent black initiatives forced a reformulation of public policies in education.
true
Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that children were inherently good.
true
Psychodynamic theories assume that life is a series of stages through which each person must pass.
true
The backbone of kindergarten practice emphasizes opportunity for independent, creative activities before academic teaching.
true
The increase in more culturally and linguistically diverse children in early childhood programs means that teachers should become more culturally sensitive.
true
The term "special needs" includes a great many handicapping conditions that may or may not be noticeable.
true
There are at least eight developmental and learning theories that encompass most educational issues about young children.
true
There is a relationship between developmental stages and a child's growing awareness of his or her cultural identity.
true
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory describes a zone of proximal development.
true
Wages are an important consideration of quality child care
true
Word Pictures can be used to tailor curriculum to an individual child or to a group.
true
early childhood programs reflect the needs of society
true
head start was the first large-scale effort to focus on children of poverty by the american government
true
the teacher determines the quality of the child's experience
true
the teacher determines the quality of the child's school experience
true
Maria Montessori started the first Italian kindergarten.
false
Name the three major points of Head Start: _____, _____, and _____. a. health education, parent involvement, small group instruction b. parent involvement, academics, large groups c. academics, large groups, school readiness
A
Patty Smith Hill founded what national organization? a. National Association for Nursery Education b. Head Start c. Dewey Decimal System d. Cooperative School Foundation
A
Piaget's three basic processes of thinking are ____. a. adaptation, accommodation, equilibration c. example, imitation, modeling b. stimulus, response, punishment d. love, belonging, esteem
A
Some of a teacher's after-hours activities include ____. a. collecting materials to use in class c. attending an exercise class b. visiting neighbors d. d. studying flower arranging
A
Teacher evaluations are used to ____. a. support teacher growth and development c. get rid of teachers b. determine salaries d. please parents
A
The advantage of teaching on a team is ____. a. collegiality among the staff c. not having to clean the animal cages b. more opportunities to take a day off d. teaching only what you like to teach
A
The emotional framework of the classroom _____. a. is the atmosphere the teacher creates with and for the children b. is filled with soft toys c. uses large construction blocks d. excludes parents' feelings
A
The lasting effects of a quality early childhood program have been the subject of several research studies. These studies seem to indicate that children who are enrolled in high-quality programs ____. a. have better social and cognitive skills, and earn more money as adults b. are likely to have more children c. receive more special education d. are likely to become early childhood educators
A
The most common type of learning disorder found in young children is _____. a. dyslexia c. ADHD b. Asperger's d. None of these are correct.
A
The most important determinant of a good program is ____. a. quality and compensation of staff c. indoor and outdoor environment b. the curriculum d. health and safety of children
A
The sociocultural theory of Vygotsky states that ____. a. culture and language play a critical role in development b. the child need not be considered as a whole c. children think in concrete terms and cannot think things through themselves d. self-directed speech is the lowest rung of the scaffold
A
Word Pictures—or age-level charts—are valuable tools because they ____. a. help teachers know what to expect and when b. focus on what children cannot do c. allow teachers to compare one child to another d. show parents where their children are slow
A
A professional code of ethics is important to ensure that decisions teachers make are based on _____. a. family culture b. core values and commitments to early childhood c. individual morals d. None of these are correct.
B
Albert Bandura, who developed the theory of social learning, reminds us that ____. a. play is important c. c. an unresolved crisis can harm a child b. modeling is a primary way children learn d. money is the root of all evil
B
Early childhood education refers to ____. a. the early elementary grades c. infant education b. group settings from birth to age 8 d. programs for children under 5
B
Eric Erikson proposes eight stages of psychosocial development, in which each critical period represents a challenge for that time. Which stage(s) is(are) correctly matched with the age in early childhood and its challenge? a. Stage 1 Infancy: Competency vs. Inferiority b. Stage 2 Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt c. Stage 3 Childhood: Good vs. Evil d. Stage 4 School-age: Trust vs. Mistrust
B
Friedrich Froebel, the father of kindergarten, developed an educational system that ____. a. trained parents c. used books in class b. used educational toys or gifts d. raised children to adulthood
B
In constructivist theory, children are thought to learn mostly by adaptation, so the teacher needs to be ________. a. creative b. a builder of an environment for learning c. patient d. None of these are correct.
B
Sigmund Freud ____. a. studied the behavior of animals b. characterized stages of psychosexual development c. developed "norms" of behavior d. is alive
B
The primary reason parents choose homeschooling over public or private schooling is _____. a. greater potential for a better education b. religious philosophy c. public schools provide poor learning environments d. financial concerns
B
Three common types of learning styles found in children are _____. a. fine motor, gross motor, and auditory b. visual, auditory, and kinesthetic c. visual, language, and cognitive d. musical, verbal, and motor
B
Which of the following questions most helps you reflect on your early childhood? a. What did your parents do for a living? b. What expectations did your culture have for young children? c. What kinds of clothes did you wear to school? d. Did everyone in your neighborhood go to preschool?
B.
Arnold Gesell developed the _______________, which details the norms of behavior. a. Word Pictures b. Stages of Psychosocial Development c. Maturation Theory d. Hierarchy of Needs
C
Facing prejudices about children ____. a. is unnecessary for teachers of young children b. does not include dealing with parents c. helps model respect and concern for all d. is easy e. does not include dealing with parents and helps model respect and concern for all
C
For 1.7 million the chosen option for child care is ____. a. nursery school b. laboratory school c. family child care d. grandparents e. nanny
C
Issues that affect quality in a child care center are _____. a. cost and classroom size c. staff turnover and low wages b. staff/child ratio and class materials d. d. playground equipment and cost
C
PL 99-457 provides funds for _____. a. infants and toddlers b. three to five year olds c. infants and toddlers and three to five year olds d. None of these are correct.
C
Public Law 94-142 is important because it ____. a. makes preschool programs mandatory in all states b. helps maintain separate but equal educational facilities for children with disabilities c. guarantees free public education to disabled persons from 3 to 21 years of age d. requires all teachers to get a special education credential
C
Two factors that combine to create the unique and individual person are ____. a. ages of mother and father c. culture and society b. environment and genes d. personality and birth weight
C
A negative reinforcer ____. a. is a punishment b. can never be a time-out c. is the same as a positive reinforcer d. is removal of an unpleasant stimulus as a result of a behavior
D
Asperger syndrome is _____. a. characterized by lower than average intelligence b. a developmental disorder linked to autism c. characterized by impaired social functioning d. Both B and C are correct.
D
Children all over the world have universal characteristics. They include _____. a. the same needs c. developmental goals b. developmental stages d. All of these are correct.
D
In the classroom, a teacher's responsibilities are ____. a. interacting with children b. writing reports c. managing the classroom d. conferencing parents e. All of these are correct.
E
Laboratory schools ____. a. housed at a college or university b. participate with teacher training c. focused on research d. provided educational models e. All of these are correct.
E
Quality child care focuses on ____. a. curriculum b. wages c. size of playground d. parent involvement e. All of these are correct.
E
John Locke's theory of individual differences states that heredity makes all the difference.
false
John Locke, considered to be the founder of modern educational philosophy, conceived the theory of ____. a. the scientific method c. tabula rasa b. natural evil d. inherited genes
c
Montessori's contributions to early childhood education include _____, _____, and _____. a. academics, practical life, fine motor activities b. respect, sensorial materials, gross motor activities c. sequential steps of learning, prepared environment, self-correcting materials d. All of these are correct.
c
New information on brain development suggests _____. a. acquiring cultural knowledge occurs later in life b. neural connections form most during adolescence c. as children move from toddlers to preschool, brain functions are fully developed d. "use it or lose it" applies to adult brains, not infants in first year of life
c
A child who is gifted cannot also be considered disabled.
false
All 50 states require offering a full-day Kindergarten
false
An early childhood teacher must help parents from different cultures accept the child-erring norms in which he or she was raised
false
DAP refers to an academically rigorous early childhood program
false
Full-day child care is a modern phenomenon.
false
Genetics accounts for all of the differences among children.
false
Johann Pestalozzi proposed teaching individual children with a tutor rather than in groups.
false
Maturation theory is the process of physical and mental growth that is determined by heredity. Arnold Gesell's theory states that the sequence of developmental stages is universal, as are the precise ages.Maturation theory is the process of physical and mental growth that is determined by heredity. Arnold Gesell's theory states that the sequence of developmental stages is universal, as are the precise ages.
false
National licensing standards exist for all early childhood programs.
false
Performance-based assessments outline exactly what teachers must do to demonstrate their competency, or skill, in their job responsibilities.
false
Teacher burnout is not a serious problem in early education.
false
Teachers of young children have nothing in common with teachers of elementary and high school students.
false
The age range among children in mixed-age groups is usually about one year.
false
The theory of multiple intelligences means that a child will need to learn a multitude of skills in order to be considered "smart."
false
There is not enough standard behavior appropriate to certain age levels that allow for some general age-level characteristics.
false
There is one set of principles that is the overriding theory of child development
false
early childhood programs are similar in their educational goals and practices
false
most early childhood teachers do not have to keep records as part of their teaching responsibilities
false
the age range among in mixed age groups is usually about one year
false
the anti-bias approach allows teachers to foster their own beliefs and attitudes about diversity
false
Head Start was established in 1994 as part of the Head Start Reauthorization Act.
false, 1965