CED 320 Chapter 2

When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long?

20 to 30 minutes

Which of the following statements is true regarding addiction, including compulsive behaviors such as gambling?

Addiction is a disease analogous to an allergy.

Which statement is true regarding intravenous drug use?

Intravenous drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the body's natural defenses

Which of the following are signs of addiction?

There is continued use despite experiencing physical or psychological problems and consequences.

When the human body is continually challenged by the use of drugs that alter the body's natural balance, a "new normal" is created, known as...

allostasis

The progression from abuse to addiction is most influenced by

compulsion

The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is...

dopamine

Which of the following are examples of environmental factors that can make a person more liable to abuse a psychoactive substance? #1. Drinking and/or other drug use is common in the home and family environment. #2. Healthy ways of dealing with stress and anger are modeled and learned. #3. Physical and emotional stress are the norm in the home, work, or school environment. #4. An environment in which physical, emotional, or sexual abuse occurs.

examples 1, 3, and 4 only

Dendritic spines ("memory bumps") grow in the synapse when the nerve is stimulated by sensory input.

false

The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect.

false

There is no such thing as psychological dependence.

false

Which of the following methods are used to absorb drugs through the mucosal membrane? #1. rectal and vaginal suppositories #2. buccal (between the gums and cheek) #3. sublingual (under the tongue) #4. insufflation (snorting a drug into the nose)

methods 1, 2, 3, and 4

Which of the following describes changes in the brain of a person who is addicted to alcohol or other drugs? #1. The reward/control pathway is hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse. #2. The "go" circuit becomes overactive and drives compulsive substance use. #3. The "stop" circuit does not function properly and is overridden by the "go" switch. #4. Drug cravings hijack survival mechanisms in the old brain and override rational actions of the new brain.

statements 1, 2, 3, and 4

A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier.

true

Acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) and adaptation to tobacco begins almost instantly with the first puff of a cigarette.

true

Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream.

true

To titrate a drug means to continuously regulate the amount of drug you are receiving.

true

When the body speeds up the metabolism and the breakdown of a drug, it is known as dispositional tolerance.

true