Cell Differentiation and Specialization

Living organisms respond to changes in environmental conditions such as temperature. Which series lists the correct order in which the body would respond to such a change? A. tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism B. tissue, cell, organ system, organ, organism C. cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism D. cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism

C.

When a disease-causing agent enters an organism, the immune system alerts which specialized cells? A. red blood cells B. epithelial cells C. white blood cells D. somatic stem cells

C.

Which best describes red blood cells? A. They are colorless. B. They protect against disease-carrying microorganisms. C. They transport oxygen throughout the body. D. They aid in blood clotting.

C.

Which cells are most likely to react in the event that there is a reduction in the supply of oxygen to a person's foot? A. epithelial cells, neurons B. neurons, muscle cells C. muscle cells, blood cells D. blood cells, epithelial cells

C.

Which of these pairings is incorrect? A. blood cells, components of blood B. neurons, conduct electrical impulses C. epithelial cells, react to stimuli D. muscle cells, elongated cells that can contract

C.

_____________________ are a source of stem cells that has the characteristics of self-renewal and limited differentiation. A. Embryonic cells B. Somatic Cells C. Amniotic fluid D. Bone Marrow

C.

All the major organs of the body are formed by week 10 of gestation. Which process makes this possible? A. growth B. fertilization C. self-renewal D. differentiation

D.

Gene expression within the body is controlled by the cells, which determine when a specific gene should or should not be expressed. Influenza (the flu) is caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory system. Which type of gene is likely to be widely expressed in the body of someone who contracts the influenza virus? A. The gene that controls production of stem cells. B. The gene that controls production of skin cells. C. The gene that controls production of red blood cells. D. The gene that controls production of white blood cells.

D.

Which cells are considered immortal? A. neurons B. blood cells C. cardiac muscle cells D. stem cells

D.

Which statement best describes embryonic stem cells? A. Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal only. B. Embryonic stem cells are capable of differentiation only. C. Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation. D. Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation.

D.

Which is a source of adult stem cells? A. bone marrow B. amniotic fluid C. embryos D. gametes

A.

Which type of cell is capable of self-renewal? A. stem cell B. blood cell C. muscle cell D. neuron

A.

Which cell is unspecialized? A. blood cell B. stem cell C. epithelial cell D. gamete

B.

Which changing external condition triggers the salivary glands? A. lack of oxygen B. lack of water C. disease-causing agents D. change in temperature

B.

Which series lists the stages of development in the gestational process in order, from beginning to end? A. gametes ® embryo ® zygote ® fetus ® organism B. gametes ® zygote ® embryo ® fetus ® organism C. embryo ® gametes ® zygote ® fetus ® organism D. zygote ® gametes ® embryo ® fetus ® organism

B.

A sperm cell and an egg cell fuse to form which structure? A. fetus B. gamete C. zygote D. stem cell

C.

In the study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different experimental designs. But, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion. Which conclusion is that? A. Cancer cells stop dividing when they touch. B. Cancer cells are unspecialized cells. C. Cancer cells lack contact inhibition. D. Cancer cells reproduce slowly.

C.