cell molec final ASF

The Na+/K+ pump actively moves

3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in.

Prokaryotes have ________S ribosomes with ________S and ________S subunits, whereas eukaryotes have ________S ribosomes with ________S and ________S subunits.

70, 50, 30; 80, 60, 40

At which enzymatic step of glycolysis is water a product?

9

Facilitated diffusion implies that energy in which form is NOT required?

ATP

Which of the following is not a tenet of the cell theory?

All cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Aerobic refers to what property of chemotrophs?

Chemotrophs require oxygen to produce energy.

A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which organelle would you expect to find the protein just after it is produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi apparatus

All of the following are model organisms, except

Homo sapiens.

Why is the Lineweaver—Burk plot important in enzyme kinetics?

It makes it easier to determine Vmax.

Why is a selectively permeable membrane so important to living things?

It provides a good barrier

Matter and energy flow through the biosphere. The flow of matter, however, differs from the flow of energy. Which of the following statements accurately describes these differences?

Matter flows in cycles, whereas energy flows in one direction.

An example of indirect active transport is

Na+/glucose symport.

Which of the following is true of purines?

Purines have a double-ringed structure.

The chemical nature of each amino acid is determined by which of the following groups?

R group

Which of the following is a heterotroph?

a mushroom

Which of the following is a phototroph?

a tree

Which of the following is closest to a micrometer in size?

a typical bacterial cell

Which of the following is not a product of the TCA cycle?

acetyl CoA

The site on an enzyme that will bind the substrate is called the

active site.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Calvin cycle?

all of the above

Because the TCA cycle is associated with degradation and synthesis, the pathway is said to be

amphibolic.

NADP+ is the coenzyme of choice in ________ reactions, while NAD+ is the coenzyme of choice in ________ reactions.

anabolic; catabolic

The methanobacteria, halobacteria, and sulfobacteria are included in which domain?

archaea

An allosteric inhibitor

binds at the regulatory site

An enzyme

binds substrates in a manner that facilitates the formation of product.

The term amphipathic describes the characteristic of some molecules that have ________.

both a polar and non polar region

The statement, "Energy is neither created nor destroyed," describes

both choices A and C

Why do polar substances such as NaCl dissolve so readily in water?

both choices C and D

A competitive inhibitor

cannot be processed by the enzyme.

Cellulose belongs to which of the following groups of macromolecules?

carbohydrates

An energy-liberating pathway is considered to be

catabolic

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate by a cell is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

catabolic

In a chloroplast, the stroma is the

central semifluid region.

Which of the following organelles is not generally found in animal cells?

central vacuole

The term amphipathic refers to those molecules that are

charged at one end and nonpolar at the other.

In electron transport, which respiratory complex is not involved in the flow of electrons from FADH2?

complex I

Of the following sequences, which shows the correct molecules through which electrons flow when delivered to the electron transport system by NADH?

complex I, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome c, complex IV, oxygen

In electron transport, which respiratory complex is not involved in the flow of electrons from NADH?

complex II

Which of the following is not a characteristic of DNA?

contains ribose

A spontaneous reaction

could occur but might take a very long time.

Which of the following is a terpene?

dolichol

Which type of microscopy has the greatest resolving power?

electron

Which of the following is defined as "heat content"?

enthalpy

Photoheterotrophs are best described as organisms that obtain energy to make ATP

from sunlight but cannot make organic compounds from CO2.

One mechanism by which ions are specifically transported into the cell is the

gated channel

Of the following molecules, which would not be expected to be moved across a membrane by simple diffusion?

glucose

Which of the following is not a structural polysaccharide?

glycogen

Which of the following processes would be most likely to occur in the Golgi complex?

glycosylation of proteins

Which of the following is a purine?

guanine

Which laws were formulated by Mendel?

heredity

Animals that regulate their body temperature independently of the environment are called

homeotherms

The equation AB + H2O → A + B would be catalyzed by which of the following classes of enzymes?

hydrolases

Monomers are removed from polymers by ________ reactions.

hydrolysis

Which of the following is/are true with regard to water movement in osmosis?

hypotonic → hypertonic

In eukaryotes, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA

in the mitochondrial matrix.

The induced-fit model

involves a conformational change in the shape of the enzyme.

β-oxidation

is a process used to oxidize fatty acids.

The primary structure of a protein

is simply the order of amino acids from one end of the protein to another. is important both genetically and structurally. is important for determining the secondary and tertiary structure of a protein. is the linear sequence of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. all of the above****

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of

lipids

Which of the following is not a polymer of numerous monomer units?

lipids

Which of the following is not soluble in water?

lipids

The steps of the scientific method, in the correct order, are:

make observations, formulate the hypothesis, design experiments, collect data, interpret results, and draw conclusions.

Muscle contraction is an example of which of the following types of work?

mechanical

Which of the following types of work involves a change in position of the cell or a cell structure?

mechanical

Which of the following is a eukaryotic characteristic?

membrane-bound nucleus

All of the following are associated with substration activation except

neutron transfer.

The movement of water through a membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, is known as

osmosis.

As pyruvate is prepared for the TCA cycle, it undergoes a process of

oxidative decarboxylation.

Which of the following would not be used as a final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

oxygen

Which of the following is not an example of facilitated diffusion?

oxygen transport

Which of the following measures is used to determine a substance's polarity?

partition coefficient

Which of the following is not one of the six classes of lipids?

pectins

The ATP synthase complex in the thylakoid membrane

performs photophosphorylation in oxygenic phototrophs.

The cell membrane can be described most accurately as

permeable to some molecules and impermeable to others

The nucleoside triphosphate molecules in DNA are linked together in the 5'→3' by a(n) ________ bridge.

phosphodiester

The process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy for ATP production is known as

photophosphorylation.

Which of the following is not a possible noncovalent interaction?

polar covalent bonding

According to the EC system, which is not one of the major groups of enzymes?

proteases

All of the following are coenzymes except

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Membrane proteins may function in

receiving extracellular signals.

The purpose of the fermentation process is the

regeneration of NAD+

Lipid rafts are

regions of the membrane that are high in sphingolipids, which facilitate communication with the external environment of the cell.

The transfer of energy from a photoexcited electron to another electron of an adjacent pigment molecule is known as

resonance energy transfer.

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?

ribosome

In the Calvin cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate is

ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco).

The regeneration of what CO2 acceptor molecule allows for continuous carbon assimilation in the Calvin cycle?

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

Enzyme regulation may occur by several methods. Which of the following is not a means of enzyme regulation?

saturation

Hydrogen bonding is most important in stabilizing the ________ structure of many proteins.

secondary

The cytosol is best described as the

semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended

Carbon dioxide generally enters the plant through pores called

stomata

Disulfide bonds are often found to stabilize which of the following levels of protein structure?

tertiary

The statement, "The total amount of energy in the universe is constant," is a tenet of

the first law of thermodynamics.

Saturation can be defined as

the inability to increase reaction velocity beyond a finite upper limit.

A negative free energy change indicates that

the reaction is exothermic.

The equation A-PO4 + B → A + B-PO4 would be catalyzed by which of the following classes of enzymes?

transferases

An enzyme influences the structure of which of the following?

transition state

Which of the following is not a base used in DNA replication?

uracil

Which of the following is an important characteristic for a model organism?

widely studied

In a biochemical reaction, reactants may be converted into products. The extent to which this occurs spontaneously is expressed as which of the following?

ΔG

The sequential process of fatty acid catabolism to acetyl CoA is called

β-oxidation.