Cell organelles and functions

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. Contains chlorophyll.

chloroplast

The short, hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner

cilia

network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement; provides structure and support.

cytoskeleton

a long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move in an aquatic environment. the long, dark green structure in the diagram.

flagellum

membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides This organelle also helps to breakdown decaying and worn-out cell parts.

lysosome

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production where glucose is broken down to release energy. Potential energy is stored in the form of ATP, a chemical that acts as the cell's "currency".

mitochondria

Control center or "brain of the cell". Contains the DNA (genetic material).

nucleus

Organelle composed of a series of folded membranes. Acts as a transportation network for proteins and enzymes. May be "rough" (#3) or "smooth" (#4).

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Structure(s) found inside the nucleus that produce ribosomes.

Nucleolus

Flexible barrier between the cell and the environment. Is selectively permeable, which means that it allows only certain substances to pass through it.

Cell Membrane

Inflexible (rigid) barrier found only in plants. Helps provide shape and structure. Also acts as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Found in plant, bacteria, and fungi; not found in animals and protozoa.

Cell Wall

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy.

Chlorophyll

Organelle capable of photosynthesis; using light energy, this organelle combines carbon dioxide and water to form glucose (sugar).

Chloroplasts

The "living" part of the cell, extending from the nucleus to the cell wall. All of the cell organelles and organic materials in the cell excluding the nucleus.

Cytoplasm

cells that possess a nucleus and other membrane-bound structures.

Eukaryote

Packages, modifies, and distributes newly synthesized substances. Activates enzymes. flat curved sacs The "Post Office" of the cell...

Golgi body or golgi apparatus

The name for a membrane-bound structure with a specific cell function.

Organelle

plant cell vs animal cell

Plant cells: chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole is larger than in animal cell Animal cells: no chloroplasts, no cell wall, vacuole is smaller than those in plant cell

cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound structures.

Prokaryote

thin flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell; composed of two layers of lipids

plasma membrane

cell organelle where proteins are made from amino acids.site for protein synthesis (where proteins are assembled). found in cytoplasm and on rough endoplasmic reticulum

ribosome

System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm. Act like roads in the cell.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis and detoxification in liver cells

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

storage structures for food, water, minerals, waste. In plant cell is large and helps cell maintain shape.

vacuole