Cell Reproduction CH. 8 Mitosis Meiosis Quiz Q's

What is the risk that someone in the United States will have cancer sometime in their lifetime? 1 in 5 1 in 50 1 in 7 1 in 3

1 in 3 [About 1 in 3 people will have cancer in the United States.]

**What chromosomes belong to a normal human female? 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome 46 autosomes and two X chromosomes 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

With the exception of gametes, a human cell contains _____ chromosomes. 46 47 2n 23

46 [Human somatic cells contain 22 pairs of nonsex chromosomes (autosomes) and 2 sex chromosomes.]

***Bdelloid rotifers are microscopic freshwater invertebrates. No one has ever seen a male. Thus researchers hypothesized that this species reproduces solely by asexual means. What evidence supports this hypothesis? Over time, bdelloid rotifers have increased their chromosome number. Males cannot be distinguished from females. Because of the evolutionary disadvantage of asexual vs. sexual reproduction, bdelloid rotifers are in danger of extinction. Bdelloid rotifers exhibit much more variation in their pairs of homologous genes than most sexually reproducing species.

Bdelloid rotifers exhibit much more variation in their pairs of homologous genes than most sexually reproducing species. [Diploid organisms have two copies of each gene. In sexually reproducing species, crossing over provides a mechanism that weeds out harmful mutations and keeps the two copies of each gene much the same. Without crossing over, mutations accumulate in each copy of the gene and are passed on from generation to generation.]

Which of the following occurs during interphase? Chromatin becomes tightly coiled. Chromosome duplication. The mitotic spindle forms. Sister chromatids separate.

Chromosome duplication.

Zookeepers at the Chester Zoo in England reported that, without sexual reproduction, a Komodo dragon laid a clutch of eggs that hatched into healthy young. What evidence confirms this claim? All of the offspring were male. DNA testing confirmed that all of the DNA of the Komodo dragon babies was derived from their mother. All of the offspring were infertile. Asexual reproduction is common in lizards.

DNA testing confirmed that all of the DNA of the Komodo dragon babies was derived from their mother. [Normally, an offspring would inherit half their DNA from their mother and half from their father. But, in this case, there was no father.]

The cell cycle is a series of events that occur in which order? G1, S, G2, cytokinesis, mitosis G1, S, cytokinesis, mitosis, G2 G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis G1, S, mitosis, cytokinesis, G2

G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis [All of the events are listed in the correct order. G1 refers to the gap between cell divisions. S refers to the period of time when cells are synthesizing new DNA. Mitosis happens after DNA synthesis, and cytokinesis (cell division) occurs after all of the newly replicated chromosomes are separated and the cell is ready to divide.]

The process of meiosis accomplishes which of the following choices? It produces four haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It allows genetic exchange and eliminates the formation of haploid cells. It provides for formation of four haploid cells and reduces the need for sister chromatids. It provides eight haploid gametes and can eliminate chromosomes.

It produces four haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. [The four haploid cells (gametes) are formed, and genetic exchange provides genetic variety in offspring.]

+Which of the following statements is correct? Meiosis results in gametes that are used in reproduction. The sperm and egg have twice as many chromosomes as the parental cells. Asexual reproduction requires the production of eggs and sperm. Geneticists use the terms "son" and "daughter" to distinguish between cells resulting from cell division.

Meiosis results in gametes that are used in reproduction. [Meiosis produces haploid gametes that are called eggs and sperm.]

Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival? Limit exercise. Eat a low-fiber, low-fat diet. Seek early detection of tumors. Smoke only cigarettes.

Seek early detection of tumors

How is sexual reproduction different from asexual reproduction? Asexual reproduction requires two kinds of cell division. Sexual reproduction occurs with only a single parent. Sexual reproduction requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm. Asexual reproduction requires testes and ovaries.

Sexual reproduction requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm. [Sexual reproduction requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm, but asexual reproduction does not.]

Which of these events occurs during anaphase? Sister chromatids separate. The nuclear envelope reappears. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. The nuclear envelope breaks up.

Sister chromatids separate.

Which one of the following combinations of sex chromosomes results in Turner syndrome? XYY XO XXY YO

XO [Turner syndrome individuals are females but have only one X chromosome.]

Sexual intercourse in humans ______. combines two diploid gametes, producing a zygote allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell produces an individual with 23 chromosomes produces a haploid individual

allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell

Replication of chromosomal DNA occurs __________. before a cell divides whenever a cell makes protein in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell to repair gene damage caused by mutation

before a cell divides [Chromosomes replicate before cell division. This ensures that genetic material is appropriately distributed to the daughter cells.]

**Which of the following is a function of the cell cycle that involves mitosis in eukaryotes? speeding up evolution production of gametes cell replacement sexual reproduction

cell replacement [Mitosis produces new cells. This results in either growth or replacement of old or damaged cells.]

Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its _____. chromosomes endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria nucleoli

chromosomes [An organism's chromosomes carry most of its DNA, but some is found on small DNA molecules in mitochondria and chloroplasts.]

Meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of __________. two diploid cells two haploid cells four haploid cells four diploid cells

four haploid cells [In mitosis a cell that has doubled its genetic material divides into two diploid daughter cells. In meiosis a cell that has doubled its genetic material undergoes two rounds of division, resulting in four haploid cells.]

During metaphase I, ______. sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles the nuclear envelope breaks up crossing over occurs homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

**Which term describes the way homologous pairs of chromosomes line up at metaphase I and eventually separate during anaphase I? crossing over independent assortment random fertilization genetic variation

independent assortment [As homologous chromosomes line up during metaphase I, every pair has one chromosome from the father and one from the mother. Independent assortment means that each daughter cell randomly inherits either the maternal or paternal chromosome from each pair.]

***A consequence of asexual reproduction in a plant is that __________. a partner is needed for reproduction pollen dispersal is critical to survival its entire genetic legacy can remain intact gametes are produced in large numbers

its entire genetic legacy can remain intact [There is no partner to provide genetic diversity in asexual reproduction.]

***Sexual reproduction requires the cellular process of _____ followed by _____. mitosis ... meiosis mitosis ... fertilization mitosis ... gamete formation meiosis ... fertilization

meiosis ... fertilization [Meiosis produces gametes, and a gamete from one individual unites with a gamete from another individual during fertilization.]

***Accidents can occur in meiosis wherein members of a chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase. This is called _____. genetic recombination chiasma nondisjunction genetic variation

nondisjunction [When chromosomes don't separate, it is called nondisjunction. The resulting gametes can have either too many or too few chromosomes]

he chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ______. centriole nucleus nucleolus Golgi apparatus

nucleus

Which of the following is the correct order for the four main stages of mitosis? prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase metaphase, telophase, prophase, anaphase prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase [This is the order of the main four stages of mitosis. "Pro" means first. "Meta" means together. One of the definitions for "ana" is "divided into equal quantities." "Telo" means last.]

A benign tumor is a condition in which tumor cells __________. migrate from the initial site of transformation to other organs or tissues have an unusual number of chromosomes invade the circulatory system remain confined to their original site

remain confined to their original site [Benign tumors can often be surgically removed because their boundaries are well defined.]

**A typical body cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is called a _____. sister cell haploid cell gamete somatic cell

somatic cell [Somatic cells have two complete sets of chromosomes for a total of 46. The other type of cell is called a gamete.]

Cytokinesis typically begins during the ______ stage of mitosis. metaphase telophase anaphase prophase

telophase

Which of the following is a stage of mitosis? DNA synthesis cytokinesis interphase telophase

telophase

***Crossing over is __________. the formation of tetrads an independent assortment of chromosomes the movement of genetic material from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes

the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes [Crossing over is like shuffling a deck of cards. Parts of homologous chromosomes are shuffled before they separate. The result is new combinations of genetic material (genetic recombination)]