Cell Respiration Test

How much NADH is made in glycolysis, grooming stage, and kreb cycle combined?

10 NADH

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

What does ATP consist of?

3 phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine

How many ATP molecules are produced in the ETC?

34

How many ATP molecules are made in aerobic cell respiration?

38 ATP molecules

The second law of thermodynamics applies to anaerobic cell respiration because ____% of the energy is lost as _______ _______, which gives you your body temperature.

40%, heat energy

What are the end products of the Krebs cycle?

6 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP 4 CO2

_____ NADH, _____ FADH, ______ ATP, and _____ carbon dioxides are made during the kreb cycle per glucose molecule.

6, 2, 2, 4

Aerobic cell respiration is ______% more efficient than anaerobic cell respiration.

60%

When electrons pass down to the electron transport chain and energy is released, what is added to make ATP?

A phosphate is added to ADP to make ATP.

________ is used to carry out activities.

ATP

What is the enzyme involved in making ATP?

ATP synthase

What is it called when oxygen is present in cell respiration.

Aerobic cell respiration

Which process produces the most ATP per glucose molecule, aerobic or anaerobic?

Aerobic cell respiration

Which is more efficient, aerobic or anaerobic respiration? And why?

Aerobic cell respiration because 38 ATP molecules are made per glucose molecule. However in anaerobic cell respiration, 2 ATP molecules are made per glucose molecule.

What process is alcohol and CO2 produced in?

Alcoholic fermentation

What type of fermentation does yeast perform?

Alcoholic fermentation

What is it called when oxygen is not present in cell respiration.

Anaerobic cell respiration

Why is glycolysis considered the universal step?

Because it's the first step in everything whether oxygen is present or not. All living things use glycolysis as well.

Equation for cellular respiration:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~38 ATP

What is the final stage of aerobic cell respiration?

Electron transport chain

What stage is the most ATP produced in?

Electron transport chain

Where are the most ATP molecules made?

Electron transport chain, a total of 34 are made.

Name the 3 stages ATP is produced.

Electron transport chain, glycolysis, and kreb cycle.

Which stage completes the breakdown of glucose?

End of glycolysis

True or false? Cell respiration does not occur in plants, only animals.

False, cell respiration occurs in both plants and animals.

What is the final stage of anaerobic cell respiration.

Fermentation; In the first stage of cell respiration (glycolysis), if there is no oxygen present, the pyruvate will undergo fermentation instead of moving onto the kreb cycle.

Where did the energy stored in ATP come from?

Glucose

What are the reactants of glycolysis?

Glucose and 2 ATP

What is the first stage of cell respiration?

Glycolysis

What is the starting reactant of cell respiration when oxygen is present or not?

Glycolysis

What stage is common to aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration?

Glycolysis

What stage is pyruvate produced?

Glycolysis

Which process occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration?

Glycolysis

What are the 3 stages in which NADH is produced?

Glycolysis, gomming/link stage, and kreb cycle

Which part of cell respiration is oxygen used?

Glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

What happens if oxygen is not present in the first stage of cell respiration? Where does the thing made in the first stage go to?

If oxygen is not present, the pyruvate made in the first stage goes to fermentation in the cytoplasm.

Where does the first stage of cell respiration occur?

In the cytoplasm

Name the stage that FADH2 is produced.

Kreb cycle

Which are the only stages in which CO2 is produced?

Kreb cycle and grooming stage

The kreb cycle occurs in what part of the mitochondria?

Kreb cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.

Which stage of cell respiration releases the most electrons and hydrogen ions from glucose?

Krebs cycle

Name the process lactic acid is produced.

Lactic acid fermentation

What are the two types of fermentation?

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

What is another name for the grooming stage?

Link stage

Where does lactic acid fermentation occur?

Muscle cells

What tissue can carry out lactic acid fermentation?

Muscle tissue

Where is most of the energy being stored at the end of the kreb cycle?

NADH

Where is most of the energy stored in at the end of the kreb cycle?

NADH

Where is the energy released from glucose stored in? (Glycolysis stage)

NADH and ATP

Which two molecules pass high energy electrons to the ETC?

NADH and FADH2

Where is the energy released during the kreb cycle stored in?

NADH, FADH2, and ATP

In anaerobic cell respiration, why does pyruvate need to be converted to lactic acid or alcohol?

Need to convert NADH into NAD+ so it has to go back to glycolysis to make more ATP

Anaerobic means

No oxygen

Does the first stage of respiration require oxygen?

No, it does not require oxygen, but it is still able to perform with and without oxygen.

What is the final electron acceptor?

Oxygen

What finally accepts the electrons that are being passed down the ETC? And what does it formed in the end?

Oxygen accepts the electrons from the ETC and as that happens, water is formed.

What is made in the first stage of cell respiration?

Pyruvate

Aerobic means

Requires oxygen

At the END of Kreb cycle, where is most of the energy located?

Stored in NAD+ and some in FADH2

What stage in cell respiration produces the most ATP?

The electron transport chain

Where does the NADH made in the grooming stage go to?

The electron transport chain

What is alcoholic fermentation?

The process by which yeast turns sugar into carbon dioxide (CO2) and alcohol.

What is the grooming stage?

The process of going from pyruvate to Acetyl CoA and energy is released and stored in NADH. In addition, CO2 is produced.

What is the main goal of cell respiration?

To make ATP

What is the purpose of fermentation?

To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis is able to continue to make ATP.

True or False? Glycolysis occurs in all living things.

True

True or False? No additional ATP is made in fermentation.

True

How is energy released from ATP?

When a phosphate group is removed or breaking the phosphate of the ATP

The thing that is made in the first stage of cell resp is moved to where when oxygen is present?

When oxygen is present, the pyruvate made goes to the Krebs cycle.

What are the 3 components of ATP?

adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups

All the NADH made in glycolysis, grooming stage, and kreb cycle all pass their high energy ________ to the ________.

electrons, electron transport chain

Cell respiration is a multistep process that releases little packets of _________ at a time rather than releasing it all at once.

energy

The goal of cell respiration is to make...?

glucose and other carbon based molecules to create ATP/energy

Cell respiration breaks down __________ to release ___________.

glucose, energy

The Kreb cycle completes the breakdown of _______ releasing the remaining ___________.

glucose, energy

The final electron acceptor at end of electron transport chain is _______ which forms ________.

oxygen, water

Energy released in the organic molecules of food is used to add a ________ to __________ to make _________.

phosphate, ADP, ATP

When the third __________ is broken off of ______ energy is released to do work.

phosphate, ATP

Cell respiration occurs in both __________ and ______________.

plants, animals

Before Kreb cycle starts, __________ the end product of glycolysis must be converted into a form that can enter the Kreb cycle called _________.

pyruvate, Acetyl CoA

As some the energy is removed from glucose, glucose is converted into _______ pyruvates. Thus, the pyruvates have ______ energy than glucose.

two, less