Cells and their Organelles - Eukaryotic Cells
Inference
An educated guess that you can back up with data or experiments.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Appears rough because its surface is covered with ribosomes which synthesize proteins. Makes its own proteins and phospholipids to add to its membrane to replace the portions of the rough ER that were pinched off to form transport vesicles to carry proteins to the Golgi apparatus.
Mitochondria
Cellular respiration occurs here where energy is released that can be used by the cell. The cell's digestive system, taking in and breaking down nutrients. Enclosed in a layer of 2 membranes The inner membrane has folds called cristae. The folds in the inner membrane provide additional surface area for important reactions to occur, allowing this organelle to do more work.
Where is DNA found inside a cell?
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Contains DNA, the cell's genetic info which controls the functions of the cell. Contains a tangled mass of chromosomes called chromatin. Contains nucleolus which synthesizes ribosomes.
lysosomes
Contains enzymes used to break down or digest large molecules (macromolecules) into smaller molecules that the cell can use w/o disturbing the functions of other molecules. Made in the rough ER and then transferred to the Golgi apparatus.
Chromosomes
Found in the nucleus and is Made of DNA and is rod shaped
DNA
Found in the nucleus and is wrapped around the chromosomes and provides the instructions for the growth of all living things.
DNA
Found inside chromosomes in the nucleus; contains the instructions for growth reproduction and development of the cell
Chloroplast
Found only in plant cells. They are green because they contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Contain stacks of flat sacs which provides a lot of surface area which reactions can occur. (Looks like stacks of coins) Photosynthesis occurs here. Uses energy from the sun to make glucose, an important energy source.
nucleolus
Located inside the nucleus. Synthesizes ribosomes. Cells can have 1 or more, depending on the species and the stage of the reproductive cycle.
Golgi apparatus
Made of stacks of membrane sacs. Transport vesicles carrying proteins (made in the rough ER) enter the Golgi apparatus; the proteins are modified and stored, and then exit inside new vesicles and carried on to other parts of the cell. Proteins are modified and stored here.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
No ribosomes. Metabolic processes. Construction of lipids. Deconstruction of carbohydrates. Detoxification of harmful substances.
Chloroplasts
Role: Site of photosynthesis *only found in plant cells
Nucleus
Role: contains genetic information of the cell (DNA) which directs all cell activities
Ribosomes
Smallest organelle that looks like small dots made of RNA and protein located on the rough ER and in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins Cells that need to produce a lot of protein have a greater number of this organelle.
DNA
the genetic material in chromosomes
chlorophyll
The pigment that traps the suns energy to make a plant's food
Cell Wall
Thick and firm outer boundray that provides- Protection/ support/ maintain shape - made of cellulose * only found in plant cells
cytoskeleton
a network of fibers throughout the cell which give the cell shape, anchor organelles in place, and direct the movement of organelles.
Cell theory basically states
all living things are made of cells.
Inference
an educated guess that you can back up with data or experiments
What is the green colored substance that makes chloroplasts look green?
chlorophyll
chromosomes
contain genetic material such as DNA
Organelles
found inside the cell and carry out specific life processes
vacuoles
nicknamed a freezer because it stores alot of things for the cell
ribosomes
organelles that produce protein
mitochondria
organelles that provide energy for the cell
Cell theory basically states
All living things are made of cells
plant cell
Which type of cell can make its own food
Cytoplasm
-Jelly like fluid -holds organelles
What 2 organelles does the plant cell have that the animal cell does not have?
1. Cell wall - additional layer of protection; gives support and structure to the plant; and prevents excess intake or loss of water. 2. Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis occurs here (using sun's energy to make glucose for energy); contains chlorophyll; stacks of flattened sacs where reactions occur.
Vacuole
Air bubble looking sacs that store food , water and waste and chemicals. plant cells have a bigger one than animal cells
Cell Membrane
Thin covering around the cell made of proteins and lipids that controls what enters and leaves the cell. Allows oxygen and nutrients to enter the cell. Allows waste products to pass out of the cell. --------------------------------------------------- Each organelle inside a eukaryotic cell (plant and animal) is also surrounded by a membrane to control what enters and leaves its organelle.
Organelles
Tiny structures located inside the cell that perform necessaray functions for the cell
What is the largest organelle in a plant cell?
Vacuole - storage area
chlorophyll
What is the green colored substance that makes chlorplasts look green.
plant
What type of cell contains chloroplasts and a cell wall
nucleus
Where a substance would be if it passed through the cell wall or cell membrane and then passed thru the cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Where is DNA found inside a cell
ribosomes
place where proteins are made
Which type of cell can make its own food?
plant cell
Which type of cell has a very large vacuole?
plant cell
Protein synthesis
process of making proteins
