Cellular Regulation Practice NCLEX Questions

A client with a diagnosis of anemia is receiving packed red blood cells. What is the most important action by the nurse when administering the transfusion? A. Warning the client about the possibility of fluid overload B. Monitoring the client's response, particularly within the first 10 minutes C. Adjusting the client's transfusion flow rate so that it infuses at a consistent rate during the procedure D. Having the client tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before administering the blood transfusion

Transfusion reactions usually occur early during the administration of a blood transfusion (first 30 mL of blood); early detection of a transfusion reaction will permit a quick termination of the infusion. The risk of fluid overload is unlikely, and this information can be frightening. The donor's, not the recipient's, blood is tested for HIV. The flow rate should be slower during the first 10 to 15 minutes of the infusion to limit the amount of blood infused; this allows time to assess the client's response for signs and symptoms of a transfusion reaction before too much of the blood is infused.

What is important nursing care for pediatric clients with leukemia on chemotherapeutic protocols? A. Preventing physical activity B. Taking vitals every 2 hours C. Having them avoid contact with infected persons D. Reduce unnecessary environmental stimuli

Chemotherapy and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cause immunosuppression (low white blood cells), thus increasing the risk for infection. Avoiding contact with infected persons is a necessary precaution. The client should maintain physical activity that can be tolerated. Although vital signs must be checked to assess for changes in pulse or blood pressure, unless there is clinical evidence of bleeding, it is not necessary to obtain vital signs every 2 hours. Children need stimulation that is appropriate for their developmental level except when acutely ill.

Which immunoglobin crosses the placenta? A. IgE B. IgA C. IgG D. IgM

IgG is the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta. IgE is found in the plasma and interstitial fluids. IgA lines the mucous membranes and protects body surfaces. IgM is found in plasma; this immunoglobulin activates due to the invasion of ABO blood antigens.

Which wound care is given to a client with severe burn injuries during the acute phase? A. Assess the depth and type of burn B. Provide daily shower and wound care C. Remove dead and contaminated tissue D. Assess the wound daily and adjust the dressing

In the acute phase, wound care is given by assessing the wound daily and adjusting the dressing if necessary according to the protocols. Assessing the extent and depth of burns is performed in the emergent phase. Providing a daily shower and removing the dead and contaminated tissue (debride) is performed in the emergent phase.

A client is admitted to the hospital with a history of cancer of the liver and jaundice. In relation to the jaundice, the nurse expects the client to report the presence of what symptom? A. Pertussis B. Diarrhea C. Blurred vision D. bleeding gums

Itching associated with jaundice is believed to be caused by accumulating bile salts in the skin. Diarrhea, blurred vision, and bleeding gums are not related to jaundice.

What medication is used to prevent preterm labor? A. Oxytocin B. Nifedipine C. Raloxifene D. Clomiphene

Nifedipine is used to prevent preterm labor because it inhibits myometrial activity by blocking the influx of calcium. Oxytocin may be used to induce labor. Raloxifene is used to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. Clomiphene is used to cause ovulation.

After reviewing the urinalysis reports of a client with kidney dysfunction, the nurse suspects the presence of myoglobin. Which finding in the test reports supports the nurse's suspicion? A. Red-color urine B. Brown-color urine C. Amber-colored urine D. Very pale yellow urine

Red-colored urine in clients with kidney dysfunction indicates the presence of myoglobin. Brown-colored urine indicates increased bilirubin levels. Dark amber urine indicates concentrated urine. Very pale yellow urine indicates dilute urine.

What nursing care should be included for a client who is receiving doxorubicin for acute myelogenous leukemia? A. Serving hot liquids with each meal B. Providing frequent oral hygiene C. Emphasizing that the disease will be cured with treatment D. Administering medications intramuscularly and encouraging activity

Stomatitis and hyperuricemia are possible complications of therapy; therefore, oral care and hydration are important. Food and fluids with extremes in temperature should be avoided because of the common occurrence of stomatitis. Emphasizing that the disease will be cured with this treatment may provide false reassurance. Abnormal bleeding is a common problem, and thus injections are contraindicated; rest is important for increased fatigability.

What hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus? (Select all that apply) A. Growth Hormone B. Follicle stimulating hormone C. Prolactin inhibiting hormone D. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone E. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

The hormones that are secreted by the hypothalamus include prolactin-inhibiting hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone. Growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and melanocyte-stimulating hormone are hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

An older adult with a history of small cell lung carcinoma reports muscle cramping, thirst, and fatigue. The primary healthcare provider diagnoses the client with a pituitary disorder and is treating the client accordingly. Which is an effective outcome of the treatment? A. Urine output of 10 L/day B. Urine specific gravity less than 1.025 C. Urine osmolarity of 80 mOsm/kg (80 mmol/kg) D.Serum osmolarity of 600 mOsm/kg (600 mmol/kg)

Because the specific gravity is less than 1.025 after treatment, the outcome is considered positive. In syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), the specific gravity is greater than 1.025. Small cell lung cancer is a risk factor of SIADH. Muscle cramping, thirst, and fatigue are clinical manifestations of SIADH. A serum osmolarity of 600 mOsm/kg indicates central diabetes insipidus. A urine output 10 L/day and a urine osmolarity of 80 mOsm/kg indicate diabetes insipidus.