Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

At both the organismal and cellular levels, respiration involves taking in the gas ______ and expelling the gas _______

O2 and CO2

Which stages of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria? Which stage takes place outside the mitochondria?

The citric acid cycle and electron transport; glycolysis

An important end product of cellular respiration is _____.

Water --Water, carbon dioxide, and energy are the end products of cellular respiration.--

Most of the ATP production during cellular respiration occurs

from activity of the ATP synthase machine

ATP synthase plays a role in ______.

generating ATP

Where in a cell does glycolysis occurs

Cytosol

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work

ATP

When oxygen delivery becomes insufficient to support a runner's aerobic metabolism, cells switch to an emergency mode in which ______.

ATP is inefficiently produced and lactic acid is generated as a by-product

How is your breathing related to cellular respiration

In breathing, CO2 and O2 are exchanged between your lungs and the air. In cellular respiration, cells use the O2 obtained through breathing to break down fuel, releasing CO2 as a waste product.

What is misleading about the following statement? "Plants have chloroplast that perform photosynthesis, whereas animals have mitochondria that perform cellular respiration"

It implies it so your respiration does not also occur in plants. It does

Which statement describes glycolysis

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration

What is the potential energy source that dries ATP production by ATP synthase

A concentration gradient of H+ across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

What chemical ingredients do plants require from the environment to synthesize their own food

CO2, H2O, and soil minerals

What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid

Fermentation

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar break down

Glycolysis

Lactic acid buildup in muscles is a sign that

Insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of which of the following compounds?

Lactic Acid. In humans, muscle cells switch to Lactic Acid fermentation after becoming anaerobic.

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, The citric acid cycle, and the electron chain transport

Mitochondrion

A glucose molecule is completely broken down upon completion of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. What other energy carriers that can be used to synthesize more ATP's are also generated during these processes

NADH and FADH2

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs

Only autotrophs can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganic.

A process is referred to as aerobic if it requires

Oxygen

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is

Oxygen

The final electron acceptor of electron transport chains in mitochondria is

Oxygen

___ is a chemical process that uses light energy from the sun to build organic molecules

Photosynthesis --Humans and other animals depend on plants for food.--

Two molecules of what compound or produced by glycolysis? Does this molecule enter the citric acid cycle?

Pyruvic acid; No, it is first converted to acetic acid

If you exceed your aerobic capacity during a workout, your muscles cells will

Switch to an anaerobic respiration and produce lactic acid

Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have a loud these to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that

The mixture needs less oxygen; yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen

A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscles. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that

The muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise

oxidative phosphorylation

The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Breathing faster when we exercise is necessary to expel

carbon dioxide and bring in more oxygen to support aerobic metabolism

Which of the following are produced as a result of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions?

ethyl alcohol

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell

glucose

Equation for aerobic cellular respiration

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy

___ is used as food and ___ Is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration

glucose and carbon dioxide

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell

glycolysis

Which of these stages of cell respiration can occur without the others

glycolysis

____ Is a metabolic pathway common to both fermentation and cellular respiration

glycolysis

The sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid, which enters the mitochondrion. There, it is converted to acetyl CoA, Which enters the citric acid cycle. Electron carriers bring electrons from the first three steps to the electron transport chain, and ATP is made

The electron transport chain is a series Of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in eukaryotic cells

inner membrane of mitochondria

What kind of acid builds up in human muscle during strenuous activity

lactic acid

The main function of cellular respiration is

making ATP that powers cell activities

Electron transport takes place in the

mitochondria

Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to

produce ATP without O2

Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the air. Cellular respiration ___

produces ATP

A product of glycolysis is ______.

pyruvic acid

In cellular respiration, most ATP is produced directly as a result of

the movement of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane

The waste products of cellular respiration include

water and carbon dioxide

What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle

Acetyl CoA

Michael reactions that require oxygen are called__while those that do not require oxygen are considered__

Aerobic...Anaerobic

Stages of Cellular Respiration

1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle/citric acid cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain

Anaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ___ ATP per glucose

2

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis

conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the majority of ATP

Electron transport

Of the three stages of cellular respiration, which produces the most ATP molecules per glucose

electron transport chain

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

How many molecules of ATP can be produced from one molecule of glucose during fermentation

two