cellular respiration study guide short answer questions

explain why water is essential for light reactions

1. water releases oxygen 2. provides the electron that binds the hydrogen atom from the water molecule to the carbon atom of the carbon dioxide to form glucose (sugar) 3. provides H+ ions that convert NADP to NADPH

identify how many carbons from one glucose molecule enter one round of the Krebs cycle

3 carbons from the original 6 carbon glucose molecule

photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

connect the role of ATP to energy transfers within a cell

app releases it's stored energy to power other cellular activities

summarize the steps of the Calvin cycle

1. carbon fixation: CO2 is fixed from an inorganic to an organic molecule (CO2 binds to binds to RuBP sugar with help from Rubisco) 2. reduction phase: ATP and NADPH use their stored energy to convert 3-PGA into G3P 3. carbohydrate formation: G3P turns into carbohydrates (sugars) 4. regeneration phase: G3P and ATP are used to make RuBP

cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6+6O2 -> 6CO2+6H2O+energy

explain cellular respirations's relationship to body temperature

at an organism's optimal temperature, enzyme activity inside the cells is the highest. cellular respiration is the process the enzymes use to make energy inside cells. if the body temperature decreases, the enzymes will work slower. when the temperature increases, the enzymes will work faster. if the temperature continues to increase, the enzymes will eventually break apart, causing the enzymes to stop working and cellular respiration to not occur. the temperature has to be just right in order for cellular respiration to work efficiently.

summarize how light energy is converted to stored chemical energy during photosynthesis

by converting carbon dioxide and water into released oxygen and sugar. the light energy produces the stored chemical energy (sugar)

identify two other molecules that can be assembled in living things by recombining the chemical elements with other elements in the cell

carbohydrates and proteins

compare and contrast anabolic and catabolic pathways

compare: both maintain cell's energy balance and are metabolic processes contrast: anabolic consumes energy while catabolic releases energy anabolic builds while catabolic breaks down anabolic builds smaller molecule into larger ones while catabolic breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones

explain how energy drives the cycling of matter in photosynthesis and cellular respiration

energy from the sun allows plants to start photosynthesis, taking carbon dioxide and water and making sugar and oxygen. animals and other organisms breathe in that oxygen and release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. that carbon dioxide released is then used in plants for photosynthesis, and the cycle starts over. without energy from the sun, there would be no photosynthesis and no respiration, therefore no life on earth.

explain how high-energy electrons are used in electron transport

high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP

summarize the stages of cellular respiration

stage 1: glycolysis: glucose splits into 2 pyruvate stage 2: Krebs cycle: energy stored in pyruvate is transferred to NADH and FADH2 stage 3: electron transport: energy from NADH and FADH2 is transferred to ATP

describe an example of the first law of thermodynamics

the stored energy in food is converted to chemical energy when you eat and to mechanical energy when you run or kick a ball. this deals with converting and transferring energy, and the first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be converted and transferred.

identify the major source of energy for living organisms and the main process by which that energy is captured and stored on earth

the sun and photosynthesis

diagram and explain electron transport in photosynthesis

water breaks apart to release electrons that travel through special proteins: photosystem II and photosystem I. while at these photosystems, the electrons gather energy from the sunlight (from the light energy absorbed by the chlorophyll which is found in photosystems) to make NADPH.