Ceramics 1: Kilns Sheet Review

General Questions: what temperature do we heat our bisqueware firings? 1860 degrees C 2500 degrees F 1860 degrees F 2100 degrees C

1860 degrees F

Diagram #5: What should the setting be on #22? 2-3 lbs. 5-7 lbs. 2-3 Psi 5-7 Psi

5-7 Psi

Diagram #3:The equipment marked by letter "I" is: A PVC pipe to create a draft A metal pipe for a chimney A metal pipe to vent excess heat A drainage pipe to drain off any water that might collect from a rainfall.

A drainage pipe to drain off any water that might collect from a rainfall.

Diagram #6: What does the chart seen in Diagram #6 represent? A flow chart of glaze maturation temperatures A soaking chart for greenware firings A ramping chart A graph for draw trials

A ramping chart

Diagram #1: Using little or no technology best describes a _________ firing. a.) primitive firing b.) trashcan firing c.) cone firing d.) manual firing

A. Primitive firing

Diagram #1: The arrow #4 is pointing to: A. Sawdust B. Dry weeds and elephant grass C. Ceramic lining D. Cotton batting

B. Dry weeds and elephant grass

Diagram #1: Choose the group of words that best describe this kiln. A. Raku, combustible, low-fire B. Primitive, combustible, low-fire C. Gas, fuel, low-fire D. Primitive, gas, low-fire

B. Primitive, combustible, low-fire

Diagram #1: The type of kiln shown is a: A. Pit kiln B. Raku kiln C. Above ground primitive kiln D. Tilted

C. Above ground primitive kiln

Diagram #1: The pots in this kiln are said to be ________ . A. Stacked B. Stocked C. Tumble stacked D. Tilted

C. Tumble stacked

Diagram #3: What is marked by letter "C" ? Trashcan lining Cement lining to protect the can Plywood to insulate the drum Cement box the drum rests in to protect and provide additional insulation

Cement box the drum rests in to protect and provide additional insulation

Diagram #3: The material marked by letter "A" is ____________________. Cardboard to burn later and act as fuel Corrugate sheet metal to smother the flames when the fire burns out Corrugated sheet metal to keep the rain and dew out Corrugate sheet metal to prevent stray embers from flying, help retain heat and allow O2 to enter the can as the fire burns.

Corrugate sheet metal to prevent stray embers from flying, help retain heat allow )2 to enter the can as the fire burns.

Diagram #5: This entire system is called the: Venture burner Bunsen burner Delivery system Propane system

Delivery system

Diagram #3: What is the material marked by letter "B" ? Extra stone to block off the O2 during cool down. Additional fuel to be added to the fire Wooden blocks to hold up the framework House bricks to hold up the cover and allow O2 to fuel the embers

House bricks to hold up the cover and allow O2 to fuel the embers

Diagram #3: What is marked by letter "H" ? Small hardwoods to help start the fire Large soft woods to help keep the flame burning hot and constant Small soft woods to help start the fire and allow embers to drop down and ignite to large fuel Large hardwoods to help the flames burn hotter from the bottom up

Large hardwoods to help the flames burn hotter from the bottom up

Diagram #5: The space marked by arrow #20 allows: Propane to enter the tank to prevent the nozzle from freezing Propane to enter the burner and mix with O2 O2 to enter the tank to prevent the nozzle from freezing O2 to enter the burner and mix with the propane

O2 to enter the burner and mix with the propane

Diagram #3: This kiln in Diagram #3 is best called a: Updraft kiln Pit kiln Trashcan kiln In ground kiln

Pit Kiln and Trashcan Kiln

Diagram #3: What is marked by letter "G" ? Pottery tumble stacked to retain heat Large pottery stacked to speed drying time Saggars holding small pieces to allow them to dry Salt jugs set to burst and release the sodium during firing

Pottery tumble stacked to retain heat

Diagram#5: What does Psi represent? Pounds per section Pressure per section Pounds per square inch Pressure per square inch

Pressure per square inch

Diagram #5: What is arrow #26 marking? Propane delivery hose O2 delivery hose Water delivery hose Excess heat venting system

Propane delivery hose

Diagram #5: Looking at #22, what is it controlling? O2 pressure Water pressure Propane pressure Air pressure

Propane pressure

Diagram #5: What is arrow #22 marking? Propane pressure gauge O2 pressure gauge Propane shut-off O2 shut-off

Propane pressure gauge

Diagram #5: The piece marked by arrow #27 is: Threaded connection Suction nozzle Small burner Quick connect

Quick connect

Diagram #3: The material marked by letter "D" is __________________. Round river rocks and lava rocks to provide insulation to retain heat Ceramic lining to prevent heat loss Dirt as backfill to prevent excess heat loss Additional fuel for the fire

Round river rocks and lava rocks to provide insulation to retain heat

Diagram #4: What is figure #4 showing? Cooling chamber Heating chamber Saggar Freezing container

Saggar

Diagram #3: What can be done to help the copper wire oxidize? Dampen a cotton cloth and wrap it around the pottery Soak a cotton cloth in white vinegar before tightly wrapping it around the pieces Saturate the cotton cloth with non-iodine salt before wrapping it around the pottery and adding a salt paste to help the copper oxidize Soak the cotton cloth in water and the flames will leave flashings on the pottery surface when the cloth burns away

Saturate the cotton cloth with non-iodine salt before wrapping it around the pottery and adding a salt paste to help the copper oxidize

Diagram #3: What is marked by letter "F" ? Small hardwoods to help burn off excess moisture Large soft woods to help keep the flame burning hot and constant Small soft woods to help start the fire and allow embers to drop down and ignite to large fuel Large hardwoods to help the flames burn hotter

Small soft woods to help start the fire and allow embers to drop down and ignite to large fuel

Diagram #6: What does arrow #31 represent? The amount of pre-heating time The amount of time for cooling' The amount of time for holding at a specific temperature The amount of time for cooling

The amount of time for holding at a specific temperature

Diagram #6: What is the vertical line marked by arrow #30 representing? The degrees of temperature rise The time of holding at a specific temperature The time for pre-heating the kiln The cooling time

The degrees of temperature rise

Diagram #6: What does arrow #32 indicate? The cooling off time The holding time for cooling The holding time at final bisque temperature to allow for quartz conversion The holding time at glaze maturation to allow for soaking

The holding time at glaze maturation to allow for soaking

Diagram#5: What is arrow #21 marking? The delivery hose The water hose The step down hose The O2 hose

The step down hose

Diagram #3: The copper wire heats up and will help the work retain heat To prevent the piece from breaking due to sudden changes in heat To heat up and help the lower pieces of wood around the piece ignite The wire will leave a pattern on the surface of the pottery

The wire will leave a pattern on the surface of the pottery

General Questions: Sudden changes in energy in the form of heat is called: Freezing Reduction Thermal shock Thermal transistions

Thermal shock

Diagram #5: What is arrow #19 pointing to? Bunsen Burner Weed Eater Flame Thrower Venturi Burner

Venturi Burner

At the present time, cone numbers range from cone ______ to cone _____. a.) 022.....42 b.) 042 ..... 22 c.) 1 ..... 100 d.) 01 ..... 048

a.) 022.....42

General Questions: Your pot developed a small crack at a seam while drying. What caused the crack and how do you heal it? a.) drying too fast and gently scrub with white vinegar b.) too hot in the drying area and not enough water in the clay c.) too hot in the kiln and firing too fast d.) drying too slowly and not enough air passing through the peephole

a.) drying too fast and gently scrub with white vinegar

The Witness Cones or correct order of cones in a Cone Pacque is: a.) guide, firing, guard b.) firing, guard, guide c.) guard, firing, guide d.) guide, guard, firing

a.) guide, firing, guard

The prefix "pyro" means _____________. a.) heat b.) flame c.) fuel d.) fire

a.) heat

General Questions: Fire needs three things to burn. They are: a.) heat, fuel and O2 b.) CO2, heat and fuel c.) fuel, heat and a spark d.) propane, fuel and heat

a.) heat, fuel, and O2

Stages of clay: Cool to the cheek, porous and bendable best describes which stage? a.) leatherhard b.) greenware c.) bisqueware d.) glazeware

a.) leatherhard

General Questions: Blemishes or bald spots on finished pieces are commonly caused by ____________. a.) lotion or cream on your hand while handling bisque b.) underglaze too thick c.) gloss too thick d.) water too hot

a.) lotion or cream on your hand while handling bisque

General Questions:The two most common mistakes in pottery are ____________ and ________. a.)overfiring.....underfiring b.)over glazing.....underglazing c.)not wedging enough.....firing while still wet d.)wedging until too dry.....not enough slip in seams

a.) overfiring.....underfiring

General Questions: _______ and _____ are used to create more space and levels within the kiln. a.) posts and shelves b.) posts and furniture c.) tumble stacking and using posts d.) tumble stacking and shelving

a.) posts and shelves

General Questions: The process where heat is lost into the atmosphere as it moves farther away from the original heat source is called: a.) radiation heat loss b.) convection heat loss c.) atmospheric heat loss d.) reverse heating

a.) radiation heat loss

Stages of clay: Greenware pieces are tightly stacked in a bisque firing to help ________ and fill the kiln. a.) retain heat by having additional surface area that allow additional heat to be absorbed b.) slow the drying by reducing negative space c.) slow the firing time by increasing humidity d.) speed the drying time by reducing negative space

a.) retain heat by having additional surface area that allow additional heat to be absorbed

General Questions: When chemically bonded water leaves the clay body, it is called __. a.) water smoking b.) burnishing c.) smoking d.) carbon smoking

a.) water smoking

General Questions: If you want to create a reduction atmosphere with your kiln, you should: adjust the ratio of combustibles to oxygen by adding more fuel or reducing the amount of available oxygen until the ratio is less than 50/50 reduce the fuel supply. add sodium bicarbonate to create water smoking. add water to the moisture to suffocate the fire.

adjust the ratio of combustibles to oxygen by adding more fuel or reducing the amount of available oxygen until the ratio is less than 50/50

If you are setting up Witness Cones, what would be the correct order for the following cones? a.) 06, 07, 08 b.) 08, 06, 04 c.) 4, 2, 0 d.) 10, 8, 6

b.) 08, 06, 04

General Questions: A device that serves to support and protect is called a/an: a.) skeleton b.) armature c.) ladder d.) newspaper, pipe, wood, bisque

b.) armature

General Questions: What type of pot are you making if you sink your thumb into the ball of clay and work your hands about to create a form? a.) coil b.) pinch c.) slab d.) combination

b.) pinch

General Questions: The tiny, flat disk shapes that are the smallest particles in clay are called: a.) micro-particles b.) platelets c.) silicone particles d.) mini-plates

b.) platelets

A three-sided chemically calibrated pyramid used to accurately monitor the temperature in a firing is called a: a.) witness cone firing b.) pyrometric cone c.) kiln sitter d.) calibration stick

b.) pyrometric cone

General Questions: During firing, especially the bisque firing, small particles of ______ grow and extend "fingers" that lock together. This chemical reaction is called _________. a.) borax . . . finger locks b.) quartz . . . quartz inversion c.) silica . . . silica quantification d.) flux . . . flux configuration

b.) quartz . . . quartz inversion

When using a cone set, which cone is the MOST important to watch? a.) first b.) second c.) third d.) fourth

b.) second

General Questions: What is the purpose of the plaster slabs and wedging tables? a.) to absorb the excess slip b.) to absorb the excess moisture from the clay as you wedge it or lay it out c.) to prevent the moist clay from sticking to the tables d.) to prevent the dry clay from cracking

b.) to absorb the excess moisture from the clay as you wedge it or lay it out

Stages of clay: There are _____ stages of pottery. a.) 1 b.) 3 c.) 4 d.) 6

c.) 4

General Questions: Why can you not use earthenware clay in a Raku firing? a.) It will not dry fast enough. b.) The platelets are not large enough. c.) The clay body is too solid, you would need to add grog. d.) Quartz conversion does not happen in low fire clays as they do not get hot enough during a firing.

c.) The clay body is too solid, you would need to add grog.

Stages of clay: Fired once, porous, permanently, chemically changed best describes which stage? a.) leatherhard b.) greenware c.) bisqueware d.) glazeware

c.) bisqueware

General Questions: Rolling out "snakes" of clay and constructing a piece of pottery is called: a.) handmade. b.) slab construction. c.) coil construction. d.) combination construction.

c.) coil construction.

The guide cone is the ________ cone in a set and tells the potter_______________. a.) second .....it is time to turn the kiln off b.) second .....the kiln is approaching the firing temperature c.) first ..... the kiln is nearing temperature d.) third ..... the kiln is overheated

c.) first ..... the kiln is nearing temperature

General Questions: What term refers to the technique of raising the walls when throwing? a.) pulling b.) throwing c.) knuckling d.) setting

c.) knuckling

Stages of Clay: Clay that is dry to stiffness but not completely bone dry is said to be: a.) greenware b.) glazeware c.) leatherhard d.) bisqueware

c.) leatherhard

A firing where the potter actually physically must be present to turn off the kiln is called a ______. a.) primitive firing b.) cone firing c.) manual firing d.) pyrometric gauge firing

c.) manual firing

General Questions: The most common causes of pottery exploding during firing are: a.) firing too fast and not wedging the clay enough. b.) over firing the clay and too much water in the slip. c.) moisture in the greenware and air pockets. d.) incomplete quartz conversion and the platelets expanding too fast.

c.) moisture in the greenware and air pockets.

General Questions: If using wood to fire a kiln, it is best to use: a.) oak as it will burn nice and fast b.) pine as it will burn nice and fast c.) oak as it will burn slow and build up the heat d.) poplar as it will burn slow to release heat

c.) oak as it will burn slow and build up the heat

General Questions: The slimy, pasty "stuff" used as the "glue" in ceramics is called: a.) paste b.) slime c.) slip d.) greenware

c.) slip

The second cone in a correctly set cone pacque is used to: a.) monitor the progress of the firing and tells the potter the kiln is approaching mature temperature. b.) tell the potter when to shut the kiln off. c.) tell the potter you have reached maximum temperature and the glazeware should be soaked and then the heat should be shut off. d.) tell the potter the kiln has over fired.

c.) tell the potter you have reached maximum temperature and the glazeware should be soaked and then the heat should be shut off.

General Questions: Kneading clay, much like you would knead bread dough is called: a.) screening b.) oxidizing c.) wedging d.) meshing

c.) wedging

What temperature is considered a cone 06 temperature? a.) 2500 degrees F b.) 1860 degrees C c.) 2500 degrees C d.) 1860 degrees F

d.) 1860 degrees F

General Questions: Water boils at ___________ degrees _____________. a.) 4,000.....F b.) 327.....C c.) 212.....C d.) 212.....F

d.) 212.....F

Stages of Glazes: When glazes mature, they run through _____ stages. a.) 10 b.) 5 c.) 8 d.) 4

d.) 4

General Questions: Which of the following is true? a.) A well-packed kiln fires longer as it takes more time to heat so many pieces. b.) A well-packed kiln fires longer as it requires more heat to fill the voids. c.) A well-packed kiln requires more fuel. d.) A well-packed kiln requires less additional heat and time to fire due to less heat loss from increased surface area

d.) A well-packed kiln requires less additional heat and time to fire due to less heat loss from increased surface area

Stages of Glazes: Glazes pass through stages during firing. Which of the following lists them in order? a.) cake, matte, shiny, bubbly b.) matte, wet look, bubbly, shiny c.) bubbly, shiny, cake, smooth d.) cake, slightly shiny, orange peel, smooth shiny

d.) cake, slightly shiny, orange peel, smooth shiny

General Questions: What is used to heat the atmosphere inside the electric kiln? a.) heating burners b.) propane gas c.) radiation heat loss d.) coils

d.) coils

Stages of Glazes: What causes the orange peel surface in a glaze? a.) the texture of the clay b.) grog in the clay c.) the boiling glaze d.) gases escaping from the clay as it heats

d.) gases escaping from the clay as it heats

General Questions: Ground glass and often other chemicals for colorants best defines: a.) underglaze b.) kiln wash c.) clear gloss glaze d.) glaze

d.) glaze

Stages of Clay: Most likely fired twice, permanently, chemically changed and dinnerware safe if using lead-free glazes best describes which stage? a.) leatherhard b.) greenware c.) bisqueware d.) glazeware

d.) glazeware

Stages of Clay: Which of the following is generally waterproof? a.) leatherhard b.) greenware c.) bisqueware d.) glazeware

d.) glazeware

Stages of Clay: The most fragile stage and bone dry best describes what stage? a.) leatherhard b.) bisqueware c.) glazeware d.) greenware

d.) greenware

The third cone in a Witness Set is called the _____ and tells the potter ___________. a.) guide...the kiln is too hot b.) guard.....the kiln is ready c.) firing.....the kiln is ready to turn off d.) guard.....the kiln is too hot

d.) guard.....the kiln is too hot

General Questions: When talking about the "fit" in pottery, we are referring to which of the following? a.) how well the kiln is loaded b.) how well the lid "fits" the pot c.) how well you "fit" on the pottery wheel d.) how well the glaze "fits" or adheres to the surface of the pottery

d.) how well the glaze "fits" or adheres to the surface of the pottery

General Questions: Why would a "lava" flow occur in ceramics? a.) kiln heats too fast b.) kiln heats too slowly c.) too much water in the kiln atmosphere d.) kiln gets too hot for the clay body

d.) kiln gets too hot for the clay body

Stages of clay: Which of the following lists the four stages of pottery in order? a.) glazeware, leatherhard, greenware, bisque, orange peel b.) leatherhard, bisqueware, glazeware, greenware c.) greenware, glazeware, orange peel, leatherhard, bisqueware, d.) leatherhard, greenware, bisqueware, glazeware

d.) leatherhard, greenware, bisqueware, glazeware

General Questions: Hollow posts conduct heat better because: a.) more surface area on the two ends b.) more surface area on the sides c.) less surface area to crack during cooling d.) more surface area throughout

d.) more surface area throughout

General Questions: Corn starch is used to: a.) dry out the clay. b.) dry out the glaze. c.) prevent the clay from sticking to the PVC. d.) prevent cutters from sticking to the clay.

d.) prevent cutters from sticking to the clay.

Chemically calibrated clay body that will melt and bend at a specific temperature best describes _________. a.) glaze b.) underglaze c.) kiln wash d.) pyrometric cone

d.) pyrometric cone

General Questions: To attach two pieces of clay together you must first: a.) add white vinegar b.) add slip c.) smooth the edges with your finger d.) score and slip

d.) score and slip

Diagram #4: This equipment is used to control the: a.) the atmosphere within the dome b.) the atmosphere within the kiln c.) the atmosphere surrounding the fuel d.) the atmosphere surrounding the pottery

d.) the atmosphere surrounding the pottery

Pyrometric cones are placed in a _____ at a _____ angle to help them bend uniformly. a.) post holder . . . 45 degree b.) greenware roll of clay . . . 90 degree c.) cone rack . . . 180 degree d.) thumb size roll of moist clay . . . 30 degree

d.) thumb size roll of moist clay . . . 30 degree

General Questions: Underglazes do not contain ________ and therefore must be coated with ____ before firing. colorants . . . . particulates glass . . . . clear gloss glaze grog . . . . clear gloss glaze clear gloss glaze . . . . grog

glass . . . . clear gloss glaze

General Questions: The sandy gritty substance in clay is called: sand grit grog cellulite

grog

General Questions: If you want to create a full oxidation atmosphere within your kiln, you should: add more combustibles increase the oxygen supply tumble stack your pottery add additional combustibles and fuel

increase the oxygen supply

General Questions:Glaze contains ____________, and therefore must be stirred right before and during every usage. ground glaze particulates colorants water

particulates

General Questions: A pure white, high-fire, non-grogged, very expensive clay, originally found in England that cannot be mined but must be man-made is called: stoneware raku porcelain earthenware

porcelain

Diagram #1: The insulation used in this kiln is: Ceramic lining Cotton batting Elephant grass There is no insulation

there is no insulation