CERTIFIED SOMM - GREECE, Greece - Advanced CMS, Guild SOMM - Greece and Eastern Europe, CMS - Advanced Sommelier - Greece
What does the word Cava mean on a Greek wine label?
Indicates min 1 year aging for whites and roses (6 months in cask) and min 3 years on reds (1 year in cask)
What is unique about Roditis as a grape?
It's named after "rose" for it's pinkish hue as a grape
What subregion in Nemea PDO in Peloponnese is known for its high quality Agiorgitiko?
Koutsi
What is the largest region in Hungary?
Kunság (Great Plain)
What are the 3 major PDO's on the northern most section of Peloponnese region?
Nemea PDO Mantinia PDO Patras PDO
What is unique about the Paros PDO from a blending standpoint?
Only Greek PDO that mandates the use of w grapes in a red blend.
What's the best way to describe the Goumenissa PDO in Macedonia?
PDO featuring reds based upon the Xinomavro grape with blending of at least 20% Negoska.
Where is Malagousia well known for being cultivated?
PGI Thessaloniki in northern Macedoina
Name one famous producer in Santorini.
Paris Sigalas
What is the soil type in Santorini for Assyrtiko grape?
Poor, volcanic soils
What are the wine styles of Nemea PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Dry to semi-sweet Red, Red VDN, VDL, Passito - 100% Agiorgitiko (St. George) (Red) - Koutsi is the most famous village
What are the wine styles of Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Dry to semi-sweet White - 100% Roditis
What are the wine styles of Lemnos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry to sweet white, Dry red, Passito, VDL - White: Moschato Alexandrias - Dry Red: Limnio (Kalampaki)
What are the wine styles of Rhodes PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry to sweet white: 70% Athiri - Dry to semi-sweet rosé & red: 70% Mandilaria
What are the wine styles of Peza PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red - White: 100% Vilana - Red: Kotsifali & Mandilaria (Same as Archanes & Candia)
What are the wine styles of Candia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red - White: Vilana, Assyrtiko, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri - Red: Kotsifali & Mandilaria (Same as Archanes & Peza)
What are the wine styles of Sitia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry white & red, VDN & VDL red, Vin Liastos - White: min. 70% Vilana + Thrapsathiri - Red: 80% Liatiko + Mandilaria - VDN red: 100% Liatiko
What are the wine styles of Paros PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry white: 100% Monemvasia - Dry red: co-ferment of min. 35% Mandelaria (red) & Monemvasia (white)
What are the wine styles of Santorini PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- Dry white: 75% Assyrtiko + Athiri, Aidani - White Vinsanto: 51% Assyrtiko + Athiri, Aidani
What is "Palaiomenos se vareli"?
- For PDO or PGI - Added to Cava, Reserve, Grand Reserve - Indicates oak aging beyond the required minimum
What are the principal grapes of Tokaj region?
- Furmint and Hárslevelú # Minors: - Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc) - Zéta (Oremus) - Kabar - Kövérszóló
Briefly explain the growing conditions of Macedonia (Greece)
- High altitude (Macedonia mountains) - Cool climate
Evangelos Gerovassiliou (Winemaker of Domaine Carras) produces varietal wines of highly aromatic from ________ (grape) in the PGI Thessaloniki (Northern Macedonia)
- Malagousia (white) - Domaine Gerovassiliou
What is the synonym of Moschato Aspro (grape)?
- Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (in Muscat of Patras & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO, Peloponnese)
______ PDO & Amynteo PDO are produced red wines solely from firmly tannic red grape ______ in Macedonia region
- Naoussa - 100% Xinomavro (red)
Goumenissa PDO produces lighter Xinomavro wines with the addition of min. 20% ______ (grape) in _______ (region)
- Negoska (red) - Macedonia
What is the wine style of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Red VDL (non-dried or dried grapes) - Min. 51% Mavrodaphne + Mavri Korinthiaki - Min. 1 yr in wood of 1000L or less - "Non-vintage blends" min. 3 yrs of aging
Greece's PGI zones are divided into....
- Regional (major regions) - District - Area (may only single estate)
Name two quality categories for Bulgaria's wines
- Reserve wines: aged for 12 mths (either barrel or other) - Special reserve: aged for 18 mths (6 mths in barrel)
PGI District Attiki (Attica) is famous for the production of ______ (wine) and made using ______ (grape) in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
- Retsina - Savvatiano
Name a producer from Croatia
- Roxanich (Istria) ## " Teran" Refosco-based ## "Super Istria" Cab Sau-based
Name some leading producers of Tokaji Aszú
- Royal Tokaji Company - Tokaj Oremus (Vega Sicilia) - Disznókõ - Királyudvar
What are the wine styles of Mantinia PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Still and Sparkling White - Min. 85% Moschofilero + Asproudes (Moschofilero: Red-skinned grape with Muscat-like aromas)
What are the soil types of Romania?
- Stony (Carpathian Mountains) - Alluvial & sand (Coastal)
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Sitia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Sweet white (RS 80g), VDN white - White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri
What are the wine styles of Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- Sweet white, VDN white - min. 51% Monemvassia + Assyrtiko - Aged for 2 yrs in Oxidative environment
How many PDO Zones within Thessalia (Greece)?
1) Anchialos (Dry to semi-sweet White) 2) Rapsani (Dry Red) 3) Messenikola (Dry Red)
How many PDO Zones within Crete (Greece)?
1) Archanes 2) Dafnes 3) Peza 4) Sitia 5) Malvasia Sitia 6) Candia 7) Malvasia Candia
Briefly explain the climate conditions of Romania
1) Carpathian Mountains give great impact 2) North & West: Continental (cold short winter, warm summer) 3) East: Maritime (black sea, mild winter, hot summer)
What are the mainland regions in Greece?
1) Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) (No PDO) 2) Thrace (No PDO) 3) Thessalia 4) Epirus 5) Macedonia 6) Peloponnese
Briefly explain the climate conditions of Hungary
1) Continental climate (short cold winter, long warm summer) 2) Rainfall 600mm per year 3) [Transdanubia] around Lake Balaton (protected from winds)
Name some regions of Bulgaria
1) Danubian Plain (Northern Bulgaria) 2) Black Sea (Eastern Bulgaria) 3) Rose Valley (Sub Balkan) 4) Thracian Lowlands (Southern Bulgaria) 5) Struma Valley (South-western Bulgaria)
Name some PDO Zones within Macedonia
1) Goumenissa 2) Amynteo 3) Naoussa 4) Slopes of Meliton
What are the Island regions in Greece?
1) Ionian Islands 2) Aegean Islands 3) Crete
Greece can be divided into how many regions?
1) Ionian Islands 2) Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) 3) Aegean Islands 4) Crete 5) Thrace 6) Thessalia 7) Epirus 8) Macedonia 9) Peloponnese
Name some regions of Romania
1) Moldova (東北) 2) Dobrogea (東南) 3) Muntenia & Oltenia (南) 4) Banat (西) 5) Crisana & Maramures (西北) 6) Transylvania Plateau (中) 7) Danube Terraces
What is the Nemea PDO known for?
Agiorgitiko both dry and sweet versions
What is the PDO Anchialos in Thesslalia known for?
Allows only whites based upon Roditis and Savvatiano
Describe Greece
Ancient winemaking traditions that are fighting to find a place in the current market.
Santorini PDO
Dry whites from a min. 75% Assyrtiko, plus Aidano and Athitri Passito (Vinsanto) from a min. 51% Assyrtiko, plus Aidani
What is the Zitsa PDO known for?
Dry, Semi-Sweet and Sparkling all made from the Debina grape.
What does "Cava" indicate on Greece's PGI wines?
For PGI wines: - White & Rosé: 12 mths (6 mths wood) - Red: 36 mths (12 mths wood)
Major R and W grapes in Paros PDO?
R - Mandilaria W - Monemvassia
What is Kékoportó?
Red Grape: Blauer Portugieser (Hungary)
What is Kékfrankos?
Red Grape: Blaufränkisch (Hungary)
What are the grapes for Slopes of Meliton, Macedonia PDO?
Red PDO wines from the estate are blends: -Cabernet Sauvignon. -Cabernet Franc. -The native Limnio. White PDO wines are blends of the Greek varietals: -Assyrtiko. -Athiri. -Rhoditis.
What's produced and what region is the Messenikola PDO located?
Red blends based upon Mavro Mesenikola (min 70%) with syrah and carignan blended (max 30%)
What is the synonym of St. George (grape)?
Red grape: Agiorgitiko (Nemea PDO, Peloponnese)
What PDO is on the Ionian island of Cephalonia?
Robola of Cephalonia PDO (100% Robola) Dry white
Where is the origin of Feteasca Alba & Feteasca Regala?
Romania
List the main appellation of the Aegean Islands
Santorini
What is the founder of Domaine Carras known for?
Saving the Malagousia grape from extinction.
What grape is modern day Retsina consist of?
Savvatiano + Added pine resin
What does Grand Reserve indicate on Greek labels?
W - 2 years (1 in cask and 6 months in bottle) R - 4 years (18 months cask, 18 months bottle)
Sitia PDO is know primarily for what W and R?
W - Vilana R - Liatiko
Describe the Aegean Islands
one world class, mineral driven white and an assortment of value sweet wines
How would you describe the climate of Amynteo?
The coolest PDO in Greece
What region is Rapasani PDO located in?
Thessalia
True or False Amyneto allows for the production of rose and sparking wine?
True - one of the few allowed to have rose bottled from dry to semi-sweet and sparkling to still.
What style of wine can be expected from Monemvassia PDO?
VDN and sweet. Also must be aged in an oxidative enviroment for a min. 2 years
Macedonia
Very firm, tannic red from Zinomavro
What is the most cultivated white grape on Crete?
Vilana
What does reserve on a Greek label indicate for R & W?
W - 1 year aging (6 months in cask and 3 months in bottle) R - 2 years aging (1 year in cask 6 months bottle)
Nema PDO
dry to sweet reds from 100% Agiorgitiko
Mantania PDO
dry whites and sparkling from min. 85% Moschofilero
What is the aging requirement for Mavrodaphne of Patras
min 1 year in wood
Which appellation mandate white grape in red wine production?
-Paros PDO. -Mandilaria 2/3. -Monemvassia 1/3.
What are the wine styles of Dafnes PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry red, VDL & VDN red, Vin Liastos (Passito) - 100% Liatiko (red)
Name one well known producer of Santorini PDO.
-Paris Sigalas is a master, producing Assyrtiko in both barrel-aged and fresher versions.
Name a wine maker in Santorini.
-Paris Sigalas.
What are the classifications of Bulgaria's wine with designation of origin?
- DGO (Declared Geographical Origin) - Controliran (Specified varieties in specified areas)
Slopes of Meliton PDO is monopole for ______ for dry red and white wines, what grapes?
- Domaine Porto Carras - White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Rhoditis - Red: CS, CF, Limnio
Define the meaning of these subcategories of DOC wines in Romania: - DOC-CMD - DOC-CT - DOC-CIB
- DOC-CMD: Grape harvested at full maturity - DOC-CT: Late-harvested grapes - DOC-CIB: Botrytis-affected grapes
What PDO is the Blood of Hercules associated with?
Nemea PDO
Define the requirements for Greece's PDO wines aging designation
"Reserve" - White: 12 mths (6 mths wood/ 3 mths bottle) - Red: 24 mths (12 mths wood/ 6 mths bottle) "Grand Reserve" - White: 24 mths (12 mths wood/ 6 mths bottle) - Red: 48 mths (18 mths wood/ 18 mths bottle)
What is Vin Liastos/ Liasta?
"Straw wines" for Greek wine - Sweet wine made by sun-dried grapes after the harvest
What are the categories BELOW the PDO in Greece?
## PGI wines: Traditional appellations (Retsina, Verdea) - "Varietal": Carry vintage and varietal - "Table": NOT allowed to carry vintage and varietal
Define the Wine classification system in Romania (2012)
## Quality wines - DOC (PDO) - VS (PGI) ## Table wines (Wines for current consumption) - Vin de Masa Superior/ VMS (Superior table wine) - Vin de Masa/VM (Table wine)
What is the principal grape of Sopron PDO?
(North-west of Hungary, Austria's Burgenland border) - Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch)
What is the principal grape of Villány PDO?
(Southernmost of Hungary) - Bordeaux varieties - Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) - Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
From the 2013 vintage, modern Tokaj Aszú is simply labeled ______ and it ages for ____ years (with _____ months in barrel) prior release. It contains at least _____ of residual sugar and min. alcohol of _____ % abv
- "Aszú" - 3 years (18 mths in barrel) - 120 g/l - 9% abv
Define the aging requirements of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO: - "Reserve" - "Vieille Reserve" - "Grand Reserve"
- "Reserve": Min. 3 yrs (2 yrs cask/ 1 yr bottle) - "Vieille Reserve": Min. 5 yrs (2 yrs cask/ 2 yrs bottle) - "Grand Reserve": Min. 7 yrs (3 yrs cask/ 3 yrs bottle)
What is Verdea?
- "Sherry-like" oxidative white wine (Ionian Islands) - PGI Verdea zone (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos) - Dry to med-dry style - Grape: min. 50% Skiadopoulo + up to 34 grapes
Amynteo PDO is the Greece's coolest region and allowing production of rosé wines (Dry to semi sweet, still to sparkling) made from 100% ______ (grape) in ______ (region)
- 100% Xinomavro - Macedonia
When was Greece first implemented wine laws?
- 1969 & 1970 (most of the country's appellations established in 1971)
What is Rapsani?
- A PDO zone within Thessalia PDO (Greece) - Dry Red: Xinomavro, Krassato, Stavroto
What is gönc?
- A small Hungarian oak barrel (136L) used for the production of Tokaji wine
What is Máslás?
- A style of Tokaji - Re-fermenting new wine/ must poured on aszú lees - Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
What is Fordítás?
- A style of Tokaji - Re-fermenting wine/ must poured on pressed aszú paste (Marc) - Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet)
What is Szamorodni?
- A style of Tokaji (means "as it comes") - Mixed of aszú & non-aszú grapes - Száraz (dry) or édes (sweet) - Often oxidative in style (min. 2 yrs in barrel) - May be under film-forming yeast (like flor)
What is Eszencia?
- A style of Tokaji made from Free-run juice - PA: 27% abv/ AA: 1.2-8% abv - RS: min. 450 g/l - Aged for min. 3 yrs (with 2 yrs in barrel) - Yield: 2 tons/ ha
Where is Commandaria?
- A sweet wine region in Cyprus
What is Rákóczy original classification?
- A vineyard classification of Tokaj (1772) - Vineyards of Tokaj & its villages divided into 1st, 2nd, 3rd growths 1st Growths (74 villages): Szarvas, Mézes Mály
What are the BIG FIVE players of Greek wine?
- Achaia Clauss - Kambas - Boutari - Kourtaki - Tsantali
What is Egri Bikavèr?
- Also known as "Bull's Blood of Eger" - Blended red base with Kadarka, Kékfrankos + CS, CF, PN - ONLY Eger (North Hungary) and Szekszárd (Transdanubia) can use the term "Bikavèr"
What is Retsina?
- An aromatized wine Flavoured with Aleppo pine resin (松脂) - White grape: Savvatiano - Vintage-dated is NOT allowed
What are the two level of PDO in Greece?
- Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ/ OPAP) - Controlled Appellation of Origin (AOC/ OPE)
From the 2013 vintage, which Tokaji style categories were eliminated?
- Aszú 3 Puttonyons - Aszú 4 Puttonyons - Aszú 5 Puttonyons - Aszú 6 Puttonyons - Aszú Eszencia
Which regions in Greece contains NO PDO zone?
- Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) - Thrace
What is the wine style of Archanes PDO (Crete-Greece)?
- Dry Red (only!) - Kotsifali & Mandilaria (red) (Same as Peza & Candia)
What are the Residual Sugar requirement of the following categories? - Szamorodni "száraz" - Szamorodni "édes" - ## Aszú (2013) - Aszú 3 Puttonyons - Aszú 4 Puttonyons - Aszú 5 Puttonyons - Aszú 6 Puttonyons - Aszú Eszencia - Eszencia
- Szamorodni "száraz": max. 9 g/l - Szamorodni "édes": min. 45 g/l - ## Aszú (2013): min. 120 g/l - Aszú 3 Puttonyons: min. 60 g/l - Aszú 4 Puttonyons: min. 90 g/l - Aszú 5 Puttonyons: min. 120 g/l - Aszú 6 Puttonyons: min. 150 g/l - Aszú Eszencia: min. 180 g/l - Eszencia: min. 450 g/l
What are the Residual sugar requirement of Száraz (dry) and édes (sweet)?
- Száraz (dry): max. 9 g/l - édes (sweet): min. 45 g/l
Name all Greece mainland wine regions.
- The Greek mainland includes the regions of Macedonia. -Epirus. -Peloponnese. -Thessalia. -Thrace. -Central Greece (Sterea Ellada).
What is Puttony?
- The container used to gathered all the handpicked Aszú grapes (it holds approx. 25KG/ 30Liters)
Anchialos PDO is the zone within ______ PDO and produces only white wine from min. 75% ______ (grape) and Max. 25% Savvatiano
- Thessalia PDO (Greece) - Roditis (white)
What are the most important rivers in Tokaj?
- Tisza River - Bodrog River
Oremus Estate is owned by? where is it?
- Tokaji (Hungary) - 1993 bought by David Álvarez (Owner of Vega Sicilia)
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) PDO contains NO PDO zone, true or false?
- True - It makes Retsina from PGI Attiki (District)
Santorini PDO also known for what sweet wine?
- Vin Santo.
What is Stefani?
- Vine training system in Santorini PDO - Like shape of baskets or wreaths (花冠) - Protect vines from Aegean winds - Collect the morning moisture
What is Debina?
- White Greek grape primarily in the Zista PDO of Epirus (region) for dry white and sparkling wines
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Lemnos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White Passto, VDN, VDL - White: Moschato Alexandrias
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Rhodes PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White Passto, VDN, VDL - White: Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc)
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Paros PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White VDN from dried grapes, Passito - White: 85% Monemvasia + Assyrtiko
What are the wine styles of Muscat of Patras & Muscat of Rio Patras PDO (Peloponnese-Greece)?
- White VDN, VDL, Passito - 100% Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (also called Moschato Aspro)
What are the wine styles of Samos PDO (Aegean Islands-Greece)?
- White VDN, VDL, Vin Liastos - White: 100% Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc) ## Samos Nectar: similar to vin de paille, non-fortified wine produced from straw-dried grapes and aged for 3 yrs (14% abv)
Is Grand Reserve a legal Wine term?
-"Grand Reserve" requires a minimum. -2 year aging period for white wines, including at least 1 year in barrel and 6 months in bottle. -4 year aging period for red wines, including at least 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle.
What is "Palaiomenos se vareli"?
-"Palaiomenos se vareli" may be added to the label of Cava. -Reserve, or Grand Reserve wines to indicate oak aging beyond the required minimums.
When did phylloxera reach Peloponnese?
-1960s.
When did phylloxera reach Crete?
-1970.
How many PDOs are there in Greece?
-28
What is Itsthmus of Corinth?
-A bridge with connects the aminland to Peloponnese
Which Estate pioneered Mavrodapne of Patras?
-Achaia-Clauss, progenitor of the style, has a Mavrodaphne solera dating to 1882.
Name two main Greece wine islands.
-Aegean. -Ionian.
Which Peleponnese PDOs produced only white wine?
-All except for Nemea produce white wines exclusively.
What is special about Amynteo PDO?
-Amynteo is Greece's coolest region and the only PDO to allow the production of rosé wines; these may be dry to semisweet, and still or sparkling
Give the wine style of Anchialos PDO.
-Anchialos PDO only allows white wines. -Blended from Roditis and Savvatiano grapes. -From higher-altitude vineyards.
What is Andilaria?
-Andilaria is the most common red varietal throughout the Aegean, is blended with Kotsifali to produce the Archanes and red Peza wines.
Name all the subregions in Crete.
-Archanes. -Dafnes. -Sitia. -Peza. -Candia. -Malvasia Candia. -Malvasia Sitia was just established in 2012.
When is Mavrodapne of Patras traditionally drank?
-As an aperitif—a tradition developed to temper the briny, salty character of Greek first courses. -The wine is used for the communion sacrament in Greek Orthodox services.
Give the style of Nemea PDO wines.
-Both dry and sweet Nemean wines are produced exclusively from the Agiorgitiko (St. George) grape, a softly tannic, intensely fruity black grape and one of Greece's most noble native varietals.
What is Boutari?
-Boutari in Naoussa, one of Greece's two largest producers and a major force in the modern rejuvenation of Greek winemaking.
Give me two large producer in Greece?
-Boutari. -Tsantali.
What is Greece Cava?
-Cava" indicates at least. -1 year of aging for white and rosé PGI wines. -3 years of aging for reds. -White and rosé "Cava" wines spend at least 6 months in oak prior to bottling, and reds are in barrel for at least 1 year.
Which grape is normally used to make Retsina?
-Central Greece, or Sterea Ellada, is a bastion of Retsina. -Attiki, the region surrounding Athens, is the center of production. -The low-acid Savvatiano, preferred for Retsina as it retains some varietal character when resinated, is the chief grape in the region.
Which of the Ionians Islands has a PDO status?
-Cephalonia is the only Ionian island to warrant a PDO. -For dry white wines produced from Robola, a variety unrelated to the Ribolla/Rebula of Friuli/Slovenia. -PDO sweet wines are also produced on the island, from Mavrodaphne and Muscat
Name the largest PDO zone in Aegean Islands.
-Crete.
What is the 5 districts of Aegean Islands?
-Crete. -Samos. -Cyclabdes. -Dodecanese. -Lesvos.
Who and where do you find the almost extinct grape Malagousia?
-Evangelos Gerovassiliou, the winemaker who launched Domaine Carras to international acclaim under the guidance of Émile Peynaud, nurtured the native white Malagousia grape from the brink of extinction and now produces varietal wines of high aromatic intensity from the grape at his own domaine in the PGI district of Thessaloniki in northern Macedonia.
What is the principal grape variety in Central Greece?
-First Savvatiano. -Second most planted variety is Roditis.
When did Greece implemented it's wine laws?
-Greece first implemented wine laws: -1969 -1970 -1971 with most of the country's appellations established.
Aglianico & Greco may have come from which country?
-Greece.
Where do you find Zitsa PDO and what is it style of wine?
-In the region of Epirus contains only one PDO: Zitsa. -Dry, semisweet, and sparkling wines are produced from the Debina grape.
What is the sea surrounding Greece?
-Ionean Sea. -Aegean Sea.
What is Koutsi?
-Koutsi is one of the most famous subregion of Nemea PDO which famous for the Agiorgitiko sobriquet "blood of Hercules" (or "blood of the lion") is sometimes attached to the wines of Nemea, commemorating the first of Hercules' twelve legendary labors.
Give the style of Lemnos PDO.
-Lemnos wines are white, dominated by Muscat, and may be dry or sweet. -The ancient red Lemnio grape utilized in the wines of Domaine Carras originated on Lemnos, but its importance on the island has greatly diminished.
What is Liatiko?
-Liatiko, the dominant grape in the red Sitia and Dafnes PDO wines. -Is found only on Crete and a handful of neighboring islands.
What is different between the style of wine in Naoussa, Amynteo & Goumenissa?
-Macedonia's PDO regions of Naoussa and Amynteo produce red wines solely from firmly tannic red grape Xinomavro ("acid-black"). -whereas Goumenissa PDO produces lighter Xinomavro wines with the addition of at least 20% Negoska.
What is the white star of Crete?
-Many of Crete's most talented winemakers prefer to showcase Vidiano, a white grape that manages to retain more acidity.
Where was the first vineyards planted in France?
-Marseilles.
Give the aging requirements of Mavrodapne of Patras.
-Mavrodaphne of Patras is aged for at least 1 year in wood prior to release, but the wine may sometimes slumber in cask for a decade or more prior to bottling. Both Mavrodapne of Patras vintage and non-vintage versions may be encountered.
Name the newest PDOs in Peloponnese.
-Monemvassia-Malvasia, a small zone on the southeastern coast of the Peloponnese. -The new appellation's wines must be sweet in style. As the wines must be aged in an oxidative environment for at least 2 years, the first releases, produced from a minimum 51% Monemvassia, are due in the market in 2012.
Give 3 sweet style of Patras.
-Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras may be either vin doux naturel or naturally sweet in style, and are produced from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains. -Mavrodaphne of Patras ("black laurel") of Patras is a sweet, fortified red produced from Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki, a currant grape useful for enriching the sugar content of the wine
What is the most famous wine in Greece?
-Muscat of Samos PDO.
What is Samos Nectar?
-Naturally sweet version of Samos similar vin paille. -Aging with a minimum of 3 years.
Name all the PDO in Peloponnese.
-Nemea. -Mantinia. -Patras
Does Thrace has a PDO?
-No.
What is Moscato Aspro?
-On Samos, Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is known as Moscato Aspro, and is produced in vin de liqueur, vin doux naturel and naturally sweet versions.
Name Greece wine appellation system
-PDO ("Protected Designation of Origin") quality wine: Controlled Appellation of Origin/ Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Eλεγχόμενης -(AOC/OPE)—a status reserved for traditional sweet wines—and -Appellation of Superior Quality/ Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Ανωτέρας Ποιότητος (AOSQ/OPAP). -PGI ("Protected Geographical Indication") wines, "Varietal" wines, and "Table" wines. -The "Varietal" category, still awaiting its official unveiling in 2011 due to bureaucratic delays, comprises table wines that carry a vintage and variety on the label, whereas ordinary "Table" wines cannot. -The PGI category includes the Traditional Appellations/ Ονομασία κατά Παράδοση of Retsina and Verdea, an oxidative white wine produced on the island of Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea, and integrates the wines of Greece's former "vin de pays" category, Topikos Inos/ Τοπικοί Οίνοι.
Gives the wine style of Paros PDO.
-Paros produces red and white wines, from the Mandilaria and white Monemvassia varietals. -Paros is the only Greek appellation that mandates use of a white grape (Monemvassia) in red blends.
Give the style of Patras PDO.
-Patras itself is an appellation for dry white wines produced from 100% Roditis.
Where does Mantinia PDO lies and what style of wine does it produced?
-Peleponnese. -Moschofilero, a red-skinned grape with an aromatic resemblance to Muscat, is the principal component of Mantinia PDO wines. -One of Greece's most exciting white wines.
Name all the PDOs of Aegean Islands.
-Peza (Crete). -Sitia (Crete). -Malvasia Sitia (Crete). -Archanes (Crete). -Dafnes (Crete). -Candia (Crete). -Malvasia Candia (Crete). -Santorini. -Paros. -Malvasia Paros. -Lemnos. -Rhodes. -Muscat of Lemnos. -Muscat of Rhodes. -Muscat of Samos.
What is the wine style of Rapsani PDO?
-Rapsani PDO includes four villages on the lower slopes of Mt. Olympus. -The appellation is the southernmost outpost of the Xinomavro grape, wherein the grape's tannins and acid structure are softened by the warmer climate and mandatory blending with the lighter Krasato and Stavroto grapes.
Name all the PDOs of Thessalia.
-Rapsani. -Messenikola. -Anchialos.
Is Reserve a legal Wine term?
-Reserve" indicates a minimum year of aging. - White wines (with at least 6 months in barrel and 3 months in bottle, and a minimum 2 years of aging.) -Red wines (with at least 1 year in barrel and 6 months in bottle.)
What is Retsina?
-Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin. -Retsina is generally produced as a white wine, from Savvatiano grapes, and flavored with the addition of pine resin, rather than stored in resin-sealed casks. -It cannot be labeled with a vintage. Retsina is a Traditional Appellation protected by the EU (as a PGI), and is rarely encountered outside of Greece.
Give the style of Rhodes PDO.
-Rhodes, an island much closer to southern Asia Minor than Greece itself, produces PDO red and white varietal wines from Mandilaria and Athiri. -Muscat of Rhodes PDO wines are rarely encountered.
Name the PDOs of Ionian Islands.
-Robola. -Muscat of Cephalonia. -Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia.
What are the style of Santorini PDO wines?
-Santorini PDO is an exciting appellation, producing white wines from the Assyrtiko grape, sometimes blended with Athiri and Aidani. -Assyrtiko, grown in the island's poor, volcanic soils, is one of Greece's most compelling white grapes: the wines are distinctively mineral, powerful, and high in acidity.
Name the two PDOs of Cyclades Island.
-Santorini. -Paros.
Domaine Carras monopole which PDO?
-Slopes of Meliton (Plagies Melitona) PDO in Macedonia is a single appellation for Domaine Carras, a trailblazing, ambitious Greek estate.
What is the synonym of Agiorgitiko?
-St. George.
Crete winemakers are more excited to blend Kotsifali with ...
-Syrah--a recipe which may successfully mirror international tastes, yet sacrifices some of the character of Crete in the process.
Name one famous wine in the Samos PDO.
-The isle of Samos, to the northeast of Paros, is home to one of the nation's most famous wines: -The famed Muscat of Samos, now a PDO, received a form of appellation protection as early as 1934.
What is Stefani and where is it found?
-The vines in Santorini must be trained close to the ground, in the stefani shape of baskets or wreaths, in order to protect them from the fierce Aegean winds and to collect the little moisture that becomes available as morning dew. -Another name for it is called Kouloura.
Name all the producing wine islands in Ionian.
-There are four wine-producing Ionian islands off the west coast of Greece: -Cephalonia. -Kerkyra (Corfu). -Lefkada. -Zakynthos.
Name the PDO zones in Central Greece.
-There are no PDO zones.
In which region does the Rapsani PDO lies?
-Thessalia.
What other appellation that is tied with Patras?
-Three dessert wine PDO zones connected to the region: -Muscat of Patras. -Muscat of Rio Patras. -Mavrodaphne of Patras.
What is Nychteri?
-Traditional white Santorini wine which was produced by overripe Assyriotiko grape. -Old barrels aging minimum of 3 months, min abv is 13.5% by law. The wine goes thru a long fermentation with no top; giving a sherry like oxidative flavors.
What is EOSS?
-Union of Vinicultural Cooperatives of Samos (EOSS) by the island wine growers
What is is Crete's most cultivated white grape?
-Vilana grape. -Comprising the majority of dry white Sitia wines and the entirety of Peza whites.
Traditionally how was Retsina made ?
-Wine was transported through ancient Greece in amphorae. -Often sealed with pine resin to prevent spoilage, and over time the resultant flavor became an acquired taste.
What is the grape used in Commandria of Cyprus?
-Xynistery is a white grape. -Commadria are usually sweet, coloured and are made in foothills of Troödos mountains in Cypru. -It is usually fortified and can be aged in solera blended with Mavro grape.
Where do you find Vin Jaune or sherry like PDO wines in Greece?
-Zakynthos, an island of breathtaking beauty visible from the Peloponnesian coast, is the home of Verdea Traditional Appellation wines. -Verdea a white grape Who lauchproduced from obscure and autochthonous grapes like Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, and Avgoustiatis.
What is the PDO of Epirus?
-Zitsa. -Debina 100%. -Making sweet/sparkling/still wine.
How many PDO Zones within Peloponnese (Greece)?
1) Muscat of Patras (VDN, VDL, Passito) 2) Muscat of Rio Patras (VDN, VDL, Passito) 3) Mavrodaphne of Patras (Red VDL) 4) Patras (Dry to Semi-sweet White) 5) Nemea (Dry to sweet Red) 6) Mantinia (Dry and sparkling White) 7) Monemvassia-Malvasia (Sweet White, VDN)
Hungary can be divided into 3 major geographical zones of wine production, which are they?
1) North Hungary (includes Tokaj & Eger) 2) Great Plain/ Danube 3) Transdanubia
How many PDO Zones within Ionian Islands (Greece)?
1) Robola of Cephalonia (Dry white) 2) Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia (VDN red) 3) Muscat of Cephalonia (VDN, VDL white)
How many PDO Zones within Aegean Islands (Greece)?
1) Santorini 2) Samos 3) Paros 4) Malvasia Paros 5) Lemnos 6) Muscat of Lemnos 7) Rhodes 8) Muscat of Rhodes
How many PDO zone within Epirus (Greece)?
1) Zitsa PDO - Dry white, dry to semi-dry sparkling - 100% Debina (white)
What's the traditional blend of whites in Peza PDO?
100% Vilana
When were most of the countrys appelleations established?
1971 for most...
When was Bulgaria's wine regulations introduced?
1978
Which two PDO's for red wine are on the island of Crete in the Aegean Islands region?
Archanes PDO Dafnes PDO
List the white grapes of Greece
Assyrtiko Moschofilero (+Muscat)
What grapes are responsible for the wines of Santorini PDO?
Assyrtiko blended with Athiri and Aidani
What is the PGI region of Sterea Ellada known for?
Attiki (region around Athens) Heart of Retsina production (Savvatiano and Roditis)
What does Mavrodaphne of Patras consist of?
Blend of Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki (Currant grape used for enriching sugar)
Name one successful producer based out of the Naoussa PDO
Boutari
Tokaj region is sheltered by which mountains? enjoys a warm continental climate with long, humid autumn (perfect for botrytis)
Carpathian Mountains
Sterea Ellada is best known as what?
Central Greece
What is unique about Robola on the Island of Cephalonia?
Late Flowering and early maturing, 60 days between flower and harvest.
What region is the Slopes of Meliton PDO in?
Macedonia
What is the most common red grape throughout the Aegean?
Mandilaria
Island of Rhodes is associated with what?
Mandilaria and Athiri (Red white rose and sparkling)
What is Domaine Carras known for?
Monopole of the Slopes of Meliton PDO in Macedonia R- CS, CF, Limnio W- Assyrtiko, Athiri, and Rhoditis
What is Muscat Blanc a petits Grains known as on the Isle of Samos?
Moscato Aspro
What is the primary component in Mantinia PDO in the Peloponnese?
Moschofilero
The two dessert PDO's on Cephalonia?
Muscat of Cephalonia PDO Mavrodaphane of Cephalonia
What are the 3 other PDO situated around Patras?
Muscat of Patras Muscat of Rio Patras Mavrodaphne of Patras
What is the Isle of Samos famous for?
Muscat of Samos PDO
Name the main appellation of Macedonia and what it's known for.
Naoussa PDO reds from 100% Xinomavro (dry to med sweet)
What two sub appelleations (PDO's) of Macedonia are well known for thier reds made exclusively of Xinomavro?
Naoussa and Amynteo
What is Samos Nectar?
Natually sweet version of Muscat similar to vin de paille with dried grapes and aged 3 years.
List the two main appellations of Peloponnese
Nema PDO Mantania PDO
Name two additional PDO's on Crete in the Agean Islands region that allow for both red and white wines.
Sitia PDO Peza PDO
What grapes are the wines of Verdea PGI comprised of?
Skiadopoulo (min 50%), Pavlos, and Avgoustiatis + 30 some odd other grapes (resembles vin jaune)
Peloponnese
Soft, fragrant whites and traditional sweet wines
What is the Rapsani PDO known for?
Southernmost outpost for Xinomavro based blends softened by Krasato and Stavroto
What is the trellising of Santorini PDO?
Stefani baskets
What are the wine styles of Malvasia Candia PDO (Crete-Greece)?
Sweet white (RS 80g), VDN white - White: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri (Same as Malvasia Sitia)
What is the Patras PDO in Peloponnese for?
White only from 100% Roditis
What is most closely associated with the Island of Lemnos in the Aegean?
Whites, dominated by Muscat (dry or sweet) although a small portion is planted to red but decreasing importance.
List the red grapes of Greece.
Xinomavro Agiorgitiko (+Mavoradaphne)
What island is associated with the Verdea Traditional Appellation wines?
Zakynthos
What is the only PDO in the Epirus region?
Zitsa PDO
