cgs exam chapter 9
Linux
A popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system that runs in a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices
performance monitor
A program that assess and reports information about various computer resources and devices
iOS
Apple; is a proprietary Apple' mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices
firmware
ROM chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions, such as computer or mobile device's start-up instructions
desktop operating system
a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets
stand-alone operating system
a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets
firefox OS
a linux-based open source operating system that runs on smart-phones and tablets developed by mozilla
UNIX
a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laberatories
server operating system
a multiuser operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network
desktop
a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all of the components fit on or under a desk table
virtual memory
a portion of storage medium, usually the hard disk, tht the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM
password
a private combination of words, often containing mixed capitailization and punctuation, associated with a user name that allows access to certain computer resources
device-dependent
a program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of a computer or device
PC maintenance tool
a program that identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer's preformance
blackberry operating system
a propietary mobile operating system that runs on Blackberry smartphones and blackberry tablets
Windows Phone
a propietary mobile operating system that runs on some smart phones
operating system (OS)
a set of programs that coordinates all the activities amoung computer or mobile device hardware
device driver
a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device
driver
a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device
chromebook
a specialized laptop that runs Chrome OS
chromebox
a specialized laptop that runs Chrome OS
image viewer
a tool that allows users to display, copy, and print the content of a graphics file, such as a photo
screen saver
a tool that causes a display device's screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specialized time
file manager
a tool that preforms functions related to filemanagment
disk defragmenter
a tool that recognizes the files and unused space on a computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster
user name
a unique combination od characters such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user
cross-platform application
an application that runs the same on multiple operating systems
the open group
an industry standards organization that owns UNIX as a trademark
Android
an open sourced, linux-based mobile operating system designed by google for smartphones and tablets
multitasking
an operating system that allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory
platform
another word for opperatting system
boot camp
apple program that enables you to install Windows on an Apple computer
dock
apple screen area that contains icons used to run applications, display minimized windows, and access documents
scrollers
apple screen element that you drag to display more window content
launchpad
apple screen that you use to view, organize, and run apps
safari
apple's browser
iCloud
apple's cloud server
Macintosh operating system
apple's operating system
swap file
area of the hard disk used for virtual memory
hibernate mode
computer power option that saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device
sleep mode
computer power option that saves any open open documents, running programs or apps memory, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state
client operating system
desktop operating systems that work in conjunction with a server operating system
google drive
drive that provides access to email, contact, calander, photos, files, and more
bug
error in a program
automatic update
feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to the program
service pack
free downloadable updates provided by software makers for users who have registered and/or activated their software
google play
google's app store that provides apps, movies, congs, and movies
chrome OS
google's linux based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps
passbook
iOS app that provides a centralized location for coupons, boarding passes, loyalty cards, mobile payment accounts, in a single, easily accessible location
siri
iOS voice recognition app that enables you to speak instructions or questions to which it takes actions or responds with speech output
nonresident
instructions that remain on a storage medium until they are needed, at which time they return to memory (RAM)
Live USB
media that can be used to start the compter (same as live CD)
Live CD
media that can be used to start the computer (same as live USB)
internet explorer
microsoft's browser
sky drive
microsoft's cloud server
thrasing
occurs when an operating system spends much of its paging, instead of executing application software
multiuser
operating system that enables two or more users to run programs simotanously
real-time operating system
operating system used by an embedded computer
embedded operating system
operating system used by an embedded computer (same as real-time operating system)
multipurpose operating systems
operating systems hat can function as both desktop and sever operrating systems
device-independent
operating systems that run on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety of manufactuors
user interface (UI)
portion of software that controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen
foreground
program in which the user is currently interacting with
print spooler
program that intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in the queue
memory resident
remaining in memory whole the computer or mobile device is running
boot disk
removable media, such as a CD or USB flash drive, that contains only the neccesary operating system files required to start the computer
partition
sections of memory reserved for a specific program or application
buffer
segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device
permissions
setting used to define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources
tiles
shortcuts to apps or other content that appear on the windows start screen
file compression
shrinking a file
open source software
software operated for use, modification, and redistribution and has no restirctions from copyright holders regaurding modification of the software's internal instructions and its redistribution
propriety software
software that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computeror device model
iTunes store
store that provides access to music, books, podcasts, ringtones, and movies
plug and play
technology that gives your computer the capability to rwcognize periphrial devices as you install them
backward compatible
term used to refer to a device;s compatability of supporting older devices, as well as newer devices
page
the amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time
kernel
the core od operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources, such as devices, programs, apps, data, and information
boot drive
the drive from which your personal computer starts
mobile operating system
the operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics
network administrator
the person over seeing the operating system
encryption
the proccess of converting data that is readable by humans into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized access
cold boot
the proccess of starting a computer or mobile device from a state when it is powered off completely
booting
the proccess of starting or restarting a computer or mobile device
spooling
the process of sending documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer
paging
the process of swapping information from memory and storage
command language
the set of commands used to control actions in a command-line interface
sign in
to access resources on a network or computer
disk cleanup
tool that searches for and removes unneccesary files
command-line interface
user interface in which users type commands represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions
graphical user interphase
user interface in which you interact with menus and virtual images, by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons, and other objects to issue commands
natural user interface (NUI)
user interface with which users interact with the software through ordinary, intuitive behavior
recycle bin
windows location for files that have been deleted
ribbon
windows screen element that consists of tabs, groups, and commands, that provide access
status bar
windows screen element that presents information about document progress of certain tasks, status of certain commands and keys, and controls for viewing document
scroll bars
windows screen element that you can drag to display different portions of a document
start screen
windows screen that contains tiles you can tap or click to run apps
charms bar
windows toolbar that includea buttons that display menus for managing files, apps, and program settings
