cgs exam chapter 9

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Linux

A popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system that runs in a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices

performance monitor

A program that assess and reports information about various computer resources and devices

iOS

Apple; is a proprietary Apple' mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices

firmware

ROM chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions, such as computer or mobile device's start-up instructions

desktop operating system

a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

stand-alone operating system

a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

firefox OS

a linux-based open source operating system that runs on smart-phones and tablets developed by mozilla

UNIX

a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laberatories

server operating system

a multiuser operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

desktop

a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all of the components fit on or under a desk table

virtual memory

a portion of storage medium, usually the hard disk, tht the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM

password

a private combination of words, often containing mixed capitailization and punctuation, associated with a user name that allows access to certain computer resources

device-dependent

a program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of a computer or device

PC maintenance tool

a program that identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer's preformance

blackberry operating system

a propietary mobile operating system that runs on Blackberry smartphones and blackberry tablets

Windows Phone

a propietary mobile operating system that runs on some smart phones

operating system (OS)

a set of programs that coordinates all the activities amoung computer or mobile device hardware

device driver

a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

driver

a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

chromebook

a specialized laptop that runs Chrome OS

chromebox

a specialized laptop that runs Chrome OS

image viewer

a tool that allows users to display, copy, and print the content of a graphics file, such as a photo

screen saver

a tool that causes a display device's screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specialized time

file manager

a tool that preforms functions related to filemanagment

disk defragmenter

a tool that recognizes the files and unused space on a computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster

user name

a unique combination od characters such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user

cross-platform application

an application that runs the same on multiple operating systems

the open group

an industry standards organization that owns UNIX as a trademark

Android

an open sourced, linux-based mobile operating system designed by google for smartphones and tablets

multitasking

an operating system that allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory

platform

another word for opperatting system

boot camp

apple program that enables you to install Windows on an Apple computer

dock

apple screen area that contains icons used to run applications, display minimized windows, and access documents

scrollers

apple screen element that you drag to display more window content

launchpad

apple screen that you use to view, organize, and run apps

safari

apple's browser

iCloud

apple's cloud server

Macintosh operating system

apple's operating system

swap file

area of the hard disk used for virtual memory

hibernate mode

computer power option that saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device

sleep mode

computer power option that saves any open open documents, running programs or apps memory, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state

client operating system

desktop operating systems that work in conjunction with a server operating system

google drive

drive that provides access to email, contact, calander, photos, files, and more

bug

error in a program

automatic update

feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to the program

service pack

free downloadable updates provided by software makers for users who have registered and/or activated their software

google play

google's app store that provides apps, movies, congs, and movies

chrome OS

google's linux based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps

passbook

iOS app that provides a centralized location for coupons, boarding passes, loyalty cards, mobile payment accounts, in a single, easily accessible location

siri

iOS voice recognition app that enables you to speak instructions or questions to which it takes actions or responds with speech output

nonresident

instructions that remain on a storage medium until they are needed, at which time they return to memory (RAM)

Live USB

media that can be used to start the compter (same as live CD)

Live CD

media that can be used to start the computer (same as live USB)

internet explorer

microsoft's browser

sky drive

microsoft's cloud server

thrasing

occurs when an operating system spends much of its paging, instead of executing application software

multiuser

operating system that enables two or more users to run programs simotanously

real-time operating system

operating system used by an embedded computer

embedded operating system

operating system used by an embedded computer (same as real-time operating system)

multipurpose operating systems

operating systems hat can function as both desktop and sever operrating systems

device-independent

operating systems that run on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety of manufactuors

user interface (UI)

portion of software that controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

foreground

program in which the user is currently interacting with

print spooler

program that intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in the queue

memory resident

remaining in memory whole the computer or mobile device is running

boot disk

removable media, such as a CD or USB flash drive, that contains only the neccesary operating system files required to start the computer

partition

sections of memory reserved for a specific program or application

buffer

segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device

permissions

setting used to define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources

tiles

shortcuts to apps or other content that appear on the windows start screen

file compression

shrinking a file

open source software

software operated for use, modification, and redistribution and has no restirctions from copyright holders regaurding modification of the software's internal instructions and its redistribution

propriety software

software that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computeror device model

iTunes store

store that provides access to music, books, podcasts, ringtones, and movies

plug and play

technology that gives your computer the capability to rwcognize periphrial devices as you install them

backward compatible

term used to refer to a device;s compatability of supporting older devices, as well as newer devices

page

the amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time

kernel

the core od operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources, such as devices, programs, apps, data, and information

boot drive

the drive from which your personal computer starts

mobile operating system

the operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics

network administrator

the person over seeing the operating system

encryption

the proccess of converting data that is readable by humans into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized access

cold boot

the proccess of starting a computer or mobile device from a state when it is powered off completely

booting

the proccess of starting or restarting a computer or mobile device

spooling

the process of sending documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer

paging

the process of swapping information from memory and storage

command language

the set of commands used to control actions in a command-line interface

sign in

to access resources on a network or computer

disk cleanup

tool that searches for and removes unneccesary files

command-line interface

user interface in which users type commands represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions

graphical user interphase

user interface in which you interact with menus and virtual images, by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons, and other objects to issue commands

natural user interface (NUI)

user interface with which users interact with the software through ordinary, intuitive behavior

recycle bin

windows location for files that have been deleted

ribbon

windows screen element that consists of tabs, groups, and commands, that provide access

status bar

windows screen element that presents information about document progress of certain tasks, status of certain commands and keys, and controls for viewing document

scroll bars

windows screen element that you can drag to display different portions of a document

start screen

windows screen that contains tiles you can tap or click to run apps

charms bar

windows toolbar that includea buttons that display menus for managing files, apps, and program settings


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