CH 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - Leadership

Knowledge management

- Can be seen broadly as managing the human, social, and organizational capital in the firm - Advocates for leveraging information and intellectual capital in organizations

Top Quality Management (TQM)

- Combines parts of scientific management, administrative theory, and behavioral perspectives - Seeks to maximize quality throughout the whole organizational system

Which of the following is a practice employees use to self-manage work-life balance? - Avoiding the use of complementary work schedules - Minimizing the amount of flextime they use - Finding work that allows for an off-shift arrangement

- Finding work that allwos for an off-shift arrangement

Which of these are some of the components of the task environment? (Select all that apply.) Government Suppliers Mass media Employees

- Government -Suppliers - Mass media

Select all of the accurate statements about McGregor's Theory X and Y.

- How managers treat and motivate their workers depends upon the managers' preset views of their employees' work habits. - Managers with a Theory Y view of workers believe that workers find purpose in their jobs, view work as an important part of their existence, and enjoy their tasks. - Managers with a Theory X view of workers believe that workers dislike and avoid work at all costs and must be coerced into doing it.

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the justice approach. (Select all that apply.)

- It is grounded in the idea of equity. - It is divided into distributive and procedural types.

Select the statements that accurately describe the moral-rights approach. (Select all that apply.)

- It is subdivided into two types. - Compliance with universal principles is paramount.

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the virtue ethics perspective. (Select all that apply.)

- It outlines traits that are worthy of praise. - It focuses on the behavior of individuals.

Select all of the practices employers use to help manage work-life balance. (Select all that apply.)

- Providing unpenalized time off for tending to important family or personal needs - Allowing employees to work some regular paid hours at home - Periodically changing starting and quitting times within a defined range of hours

Which of these are characteristics of culture?

- Shared - Learned Symbolic (and patterned, transgenereational, adaptive)

Which of the following represent quality achievement certifications? (Select all that apply.)

- The achievement of Six Sigma - The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award - The achievement of ISO 9000

Practices employers use to help manage work-life balance include ______. (Select all that apply.)

- installing fitness facilities in corporate offices - providing on-site laundry facilities

Kant's categorical imperative ______. (Select all that apply.)

- represents a rule approach to moral rights - is a universal perspective of right and wrong - does not consider the consequences of an action

Which of these are some of the general environment forces? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Ethical Technological Astronomical Sociocultural Psychological

-Ethical Technological - Sociocultural

Match each statement with the management approach it represents. Instructions 1. Contingency perspective 2. Systems perspective

1 a) seeks to match appropriate management principles with things such as the nature of the work 1b) shies away from professing universal management practices 2a) suggests that firms use environmental feedback to adapt to their environment 2b) proposes that organisations that survive over time are those that are able to self-regulate

Which of the following statements accurately describes the systems approach to management?

A management perspective that considers the organization's environment as an important influence on the firm's decisions

Which of the following statements accurately describes total quality management (TQM)?

A management philosophy focused on maximizing quality throughout the entire organization

Match each statement with either act utilitarianism or rule utilitarianism.

Act utilitarianism - Focuses on the best thing to do in the specific circumstance - Is a form of situational ethics Rule utilitarianism - Focuses on general principles that transcend situations - Advocates for conformity regardless of context

What are some of the managerial challenges related to globalization?. Workers seeking personal fulfillment Aggressive international competition Economic power shifts

Aggressive international competition & Economic power shifts

Select the accurate statements regarding the relationship between organizational effectiveness and organizational efficiency. (Select all that apply.) - It is more important for an organization to be efficient rather than effective. - An organization can be effective without being efficient. - An organization can be efficient without being effective. - It is not possible for an organization to be efficient but not effective, or effective but not efficient.

An organization can be effective without being efficient. An organization can be efficient without being effective.

Which of these are characteristics of the leading function? (Select all that apply.) Championing organizational change Communicating the vision Identifying strategy Developing the organizational chart

Championing organizational change & Communicating the vision

Select words that describe the ethnocentric approach to global human resource management. (Select all that apply.)

Conservative Familiar

Monitoring the organization's progress toward achieving its goals and establishing systems that measure such progress are characteristics of the ______ function.

Controlling

______ involves focusing business activities on all social responsibilities, including making profits, observing ethical standards, and preserving the environment. Multiple choice question.

Corporate social responsibility

Organizational performance as a managerial factor relates to ______. - Utilizing and combining key possessions to develop pockets of strength - Doing the right things so that appropriate goals are set and achieved through ethical means - Doing things right by maximizing the value of the organization's resources - Correctly setting and attaining organizational goals while maximizing the use of resources

Correctly setting and attaining organizational goals while maximizing the use of resources

Helping organizations to realize a TQM approach successfully was the purpose behind ______.

Deming's 14 principles

Which of these are some of the general environment forces? (Select all that apply.) Demographic Global Economic Divestiture Market

Demographic Global Economic

The different personal characteristics that set individuals apart in the workplace (such as gender, age, race, religion, or sexual orientation) are collectively referred to as ______.

Diversity

Which of these are steps in Carroll's pyramid of corporate social responsibility? (Select all that apply.)

Economic responsibilities Ethical responsibilities Legal responsibilities Philanthropic responsibilities

The managerial factor that relates to doing the right things so that appropriate goals are set and achieved through ethical means is known as ______.

Effectiprinciples that dictate right versus wrong while espousing a code of conduct based on these valuesveness

Match each ethical perspective with its focus. Ethical Egoism Relativist Justice

Ethical egoism - Individual behavior Relativist - Cultural norms Justice - Equity and fairness

Match each description with either ethnocentrism or parochialism.

Ethnocentrism - Rooted in arrogance & - A value judgement of another culture Parochialism - Rooted in ignorance & - A lack of interest in learning about another culture

Which of these best describes corporate social responsibility?

Focusing business practices simultaneously on financial success and overall benefit to society through activities such as sustainability efforts and community relations

What are some of the managerial challenges related to economic turbulence?

FurloughsMaintaining morale

What are some of the recent issues and concerns that are influencing the business environment? (Select all that apply.)

Global power shifts Financial crises Increased social networking issues

The term ______ capital is used in reference to individuals, while ______ capital is used in reference to teams.

Human; social

Which of the following is an example of an approach to diversity management?

Implementing formalized mentoring programs meant to bring more minority workers into upper management tracks

What are some of the issues influencing the current business environment? (Select all that apply.)

Information deliveryCommunication shiftsSustainability concerns

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the relativist perspective?

It acknowledges multiple approaches to ethics and stresses the importance of cultural values.

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the virtue ethics perspective?

It centers on individuals' behavior and the traits that are considered worthy of praise.

Select all of the statements that describe stakeholder theory.

It considers all parties affected by the organization's actions. It advocates giving voice to a variety of people inside and outside the firm.

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the justice approach?

It suggests that ethical decisions are those grounded in standards of equity and fairness.

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the relativist perspective. (Select all that apply.)

It underscores the importance of cultural values. It acknowledges multiple approaches to ethics.

What are some of the managerial challenges related to outsourcing and/or offshoring?

Knowledge loss Translation issues Cheaper labor markets

Vigorously implementing the strategic plan and energetically championing organizational development are characteristics of the ______ function. - Planning - Controlling - Organizing - Leading

Leading

Match each cultural characteristic with its description.

Learned - Acquired through experiences that shape your views and behavior. Transgenerational - Passed on through teachings, rites, and rituals from older to younger individuals. Symbolic - Represented by monuments, flags, and statues that illustrate its importance

The process of attaining organizational goals through the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling is known as _____.

Management

Management is defined as ______.

Management is defined as the process of attaining organizational goals through the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Which of the following statements best describes the premise of McGregor's Theory X and Y?

Managers have a preset view of their employees' work habits, and this view affects how they treat and motivate their workers.

Select all of the accurate statements regarding Theory X/Theory Y.

Managers tend to have one of two basic views regarding what motivates their workers. Theory X managers believe that workers require intense direction and control. McGregor saw Theory Y as superior to Theory X.

Which of the following statements best describes knowledge management?

Managers' endeavors to capitalize on what employees know, rather than what they can physically do

Match each ethical perspective with its focus. Utilitarianism virtue ethics relativist

Maximizing benefit for the most people - Utilitarianism Behaving as an ethical person would - Virtue ethics Understanding culture-specific norms - Relativist

Which of these are characteristics of the controlling function? (Select all that apply.)

Monitoring organizational goal progress Establishing measurement systems

Match: Argues that all people deserve equal respect, regardless of outcome Suggests moral decisions are those based in equity Centers on character traits that are considered worthy of praise

Moral-rights Justice Virtue ethics

Having one parent or guardian home at all times with the couple's children, with one person working standard hours and the other working non-standard hours, is known as ______. Multiple choice question. hybrid entrepreneurship mobility an off-shift arrangement

Off-shift arrangement

What are some of the managerial challenges related to diversity? (Select all that apply.) Allocation of benefits Stock portfolios Open discrimination

Open discrimination Allocation of benefits

The managerial factor that relates to correctly setting and attaining organizational goals while maximizing the use of resources is known as ______.

Organizational Perfromance

Match: internal stakeholders external stakeholders

Owners, managers customers, society as a whole

Identifying an organization's goals, vision, and mission are characteristics of the ______ function.

Planning

What are some of the managerial challenges related to ethical management? (Select all that apply.)

Pressure to maximize profitability Difficulty maintaining ethical standards

The systematic process of managing a work-related project from its inception to conclusion is known as ______.

Project management

Which of the following are parts of the Juran Trilogy? (Select all that apply.)

Quality improvement Quality planning Quality control

Which of the following accurately lists the parts of the Juran Trilogy?

Quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement

Which of these managerial challenges are related to innovation? Inventing new ways to be profitable Re-invigorating stagnant profit sources Operating in a way that is not harmful to future generations

Re-invigorating stagnant profit sources Inventing new ways to be profitable

The managerial factor that relates to utilizing and combining key possessions to develop pockets of strength is known as ______.

Reources

Which of the following is an example of an approach to diversity management?

Selection initiatives enacted to attract and hire more workers from historically underrepresented groups

Match each cultural characteristic with its description.

Shared -Understood at the group, rather than the individual, level Symbolic -Represented by monuments, flags, and statues that illustrate its importance Patterned - Seemingly complex, but easily understood by those who reside within it

Which of these would be considered external stakeholders? (Select all that apply.)

Suppliers Local communities

Which statements regarding total quality management (TQM) are accurate? (Select all that apply.)

TQM emphasizes quality throughout the entire process of production. TQM blends parts of administrative theory, scientific management, and behavioral perspectives.

Effectiveness as a managerial factor relates to ______.

The managerial factor that relates to doing the right things so that appropriate goals are set and achieved through ethical means is known as__________.

Consistent with the human relations perspective, McGregor believed that ______.

Theory Y was superior to Theory X

Which of the following represent contemporary approaches to management? (Select all that apply.)

Total quality managementThe contingency perspective

What are some of the managerial challenges related to technology? Use of artificial intelligence Workers seeking fulfillment Increased online commerce

Use of artificial intelligence Increased online commerce

What are some of the managerial challenges related to sustainability? Weaving social responsibility into the firm's strategy Operating in a way that is not harmful to future generations Inventing new ways to be profitable

Weaving social responsibility into the firm's strategy Operating in a way that is not harmful to future generations

Increasingly non-traditional schedules and increased drive and autonomy are some of the managerial challenges related to ______. Multiple choice question.

a changing workforce

The opportunity for employees to work the same number of hours over fewer days is known as ______.

a compressed workweek

A whistle-blower is ______.

a person who reports misconduct by an organization or other employees to the public or a higher authority

An ethical dilemma is defined as ______.

a problem or situation for which a person must choose alternative actions that in some cases may compromise an ethical principle

Offshoring is defined as ______.

a specific form of outsourcing that sends work to other countries

Flextime is defined as ______.

a system of working a set number of hours, with the starting and finishing times chosen within agreed-upon limits by each employee

Management science can be described as ______.

a way of improving organizational decision making through the use of sophisticated mathematical and statistical models

Corporate social responsibility is defined as the ______.

act of conducting business activities with a focus on financial success as well as engaging in ethical behavior that helps society and the environment

How people view what the elderly have to offer society represents a culture's views on ______.

age

In Eastern cultures, the elderly are viewed as wise and important with lots of real-world advice to offer family and society as a whole. They are respected and, in many cases, revered. This is an indication of how a culture views ______.

age

Stakeholder theory is a principle that suggests ______.

all those affected by organizations have a right to participate in directing their actions

One example of an approach to inclusion is ______.

an organization encouraging employees to step outside of their comfort zones and talk to co-workers about sexuality, race, religion, and other differences to increase their understanding of their colleagues and appreciate their perspectives and life experiences

Inclusion builds ______, while diversity management promotes ______.

appreciation; cooperation

Stakeholders are defined as any individuals or groups who ______.

are affected by the organization

Ethnocentrism stems from ______, while parochialism stems from ______.

arrogance; ignorance

Knowledge management is defined as ______.

assessing and systematizing knowledge resources to find new solutions to ongoing problems, so that companies can gain a competitive advantage

A dual career couple is one in which ______.

both parties in a relationship earn an income and exhibit high commitment to their work roles

Inclusion in the workplace is defined as ______.

building true appreciation of the value of differences among people and the creation of an environment that makes all people feel they are valued and essential to the organization

Technology has affected international business by ______.

calling attention to phenomena that would have previously gone unnoticed

Ethics is defined as the ______.

code of moral principles that governs whether a person's behavior is right or wrong

The framework that identifies six stages individuals go through to develop moral reasoning is known as ______.

cognitive moral development

Diversity management creates an environment where employees feel ______, while inclusion creates an environment where employees feel ______.

comfortable; valued

______ represents the degree to which members of a team generally agree with the team's choice.

consensus

In a negotiation, an ethical egoist would ______.

consider the longer-term effects of the decision on future interactions with the other side

Kant's categorical imperative says that a person should ______.

consistently take the same morally right action, regardless of consequences

Theories of management which suggest that the effectiveness of a managerial policy, practice, or behavior depends on factors such as the work being done are known as ______ theories.

contingency

The act of conducting business activities with a focus on financial success as well as engaging in ethical behavior that helps society and the environment is known as ______.

corporate social responsibility

The utilitarian approach sees the morally right action as the one that ____

creates the best benefit for the most people

The utilitarian approach sees the morally right action as the one that ______.

creates the best benefit for the most people

The values, orientations, and beliefs that affect individuals in a society and influence their worldview define ______.

culture

Accurately profiling customers and dealing with exponentially larger repercussions of poor interactions with consumers are among the managerial challenges related to ______.

customer service

There are managerial challenges related to a changing workforce because today's workforce is increasingly ______. (Select all that apply.) demanding autonomous dependent

demanding autonomous

Diversity is defined as ______.

different personal characteristics that set individuals apart in the workplace, such as gender, age, race, religion, or sexual orientation

The principle of ______ justice refers to individuals' perceptions of the fairness of outcomes people receive for what they do.

distributive

Which of these are some of the components of the task environment? (Select all that apply.)

distributors special interest groups customers

The allocation of health and retirement benefits, as well as open discrimination, are two managerial challenges related to ______.

diversity

Actions taken by organizations to promote greater cooperation among employees from different backgrounds to make them feel comfortable within the organization's structure and workplace environment are known as ______.

diversity management

Offering training programs aimed at increasing employees' understanding and appreciation of diversity in the workplace is an example of ______.

diversity management

Ethical egoism says that people should ______.

do what is in their own best interests, both short-term and long-term

While ethnocentrism represents a value judgement on another culture, parochialism ______.

doesn't even reach the judgment stage

Monochronic cultures are characterized by people ______.

doing only one thing at a time

Efficiency as a managerial factor relates to ______.

doing things right by maximizing the value of the organization's resources

A family in which both parties in a relationship earn an income and exhibit high commitment to their work roles is known as a ______ couple.

dual career

Pay cuts and benefit reductions are among the managerial challenges related to ______.

economic turbulence

Carroll's pyramid of corporate social responsibility includes ______ responsibilities.

economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic

The managerial factor that relates to doing things right by maximizing the value of the organization's resources is known as ______.

efficiency

Knowledge management can be described as a (n) ______.

effort by management to leverage intellectual capital and information in organizations

A manager using a contingency perspective would most likely ______.

employ different motivational strategies for different employees

Knowledge workers are defined as ______.

employees who rely on their knowledge and who combine their knowledge with others to make job-related contributions

The ways in which organizations monitor what is happening in the environment are known as ______.

environmental analysis

The moral-rights approach suggests that ______.

equal respect must be given to all people regardless of whether this results in greater utility

The ______ perspective suggests that the right behavior is one that creates the greatest good for the individual. Multiple choice question.

ethical - egoism

A problem or situation for which a person must choose alternative actions that in some cases may compromise an ethical principle is known as a(n) ____

ethical dilemma

The ______ perspective suggests that the right behavior is one that creates the greatest good for the individual.

ethical egoism

Regaining trust and increased scrutiny are managerial challenges related to ______. (Select all that apply.)

ethical management

Virtue ethics suggests that ______.

ethical rules are those that a virtuous person would follow

The code of moral principles that governs whether a person's behavior is right or wrong is known as ______.

ethics

Seeking to fill key managerial positions with home country nationals describes the ______ approach to global human resource management.

ethnocentric

Hybrid entrepreneurship is defined as ______.

experimenting part-time with self-employment before fully leaving the salary and security provided by traditional employment

Formality is defined as the ______.

extent to which procedures are written down and followed through with almost bureaucratic precision

A system of working a set number of hours, with the starting and finishing times chosen within agreed-upon limits by each employee, is known as ______.

flextime

In culture, the extent to which procedures are written down and followed through with almost bureaucratic precision is known as ______.

formality

Cognitive moral development is defined as the ______.

framework that identifies six stages individuals go through to develop moral reasoning

Knowledge management may involve ______. (Select all that apply.)

gathering, organizing, and sharing information inside and outside the organization managing human, social, and organizational capital

A labor market characterized by temporary and freelance contract work rather than permanent jobs is known as ______.

gig economy

Increased intense international competition and huge shifts in world economic power are some of the managerial challenges related to ______.

globalization

The relative standardization that exists around the world, and when an organization views the entire world as its theater of operations, is known as ______.

globalization

Kissing, bowing, and shaking hands represent ______ found in different cultures.

greetings

An off-shift arrangement is defined as ______.

having one parent or guardian home at all times with the couple's children, with one person working standard hours and the other working non-standard hours

The purpose behind Deming's 14 principles was to ______.

help organizations realize a TQM approach

Experimenting part-time with self-employment before fully leaving the salary and security provided by traditional employment is known as ______.

hybrid entrepreneurship

Parochialism is defined as the ______.

ignorance of another culture's way of doing things, combined with a lack of interest in learning what those different ways might be

Management science aims to use statistical and mathematical models in order to ______ in organizations.

improve decision making

If a company holds regular social gatherings where employees are encouraged to ask "difficult" questions of other employees regarding their differences in sexual orientation, race, and religious background, the firm is using an approach to ______.

inclusion

Implementing employee resource groups (ERGs) designed to foster inclusion and comprehensive benefits for every employee is an example of an approach to ______.

inclusion

Building true appreciation of the value of differences among people and the creation of an environment that makes all people feel they are valued and essential to the organization is the definition of ______.

inclusion in the workplace

When people are hired with an unknown end point to their employment with a specific organization, this is known as ______.

indefinite employment

With ______ decision making, the responsibility for weighing the information and making a final decision is yours.

individual

Looking at things differently and being creative in choosing solutions is known as ______.

innovation

Looking at things differently and being creative in choosing solutions is known as ______. innovation knowledge management sustainability

innovation

Re-energizing lagging profit sources and coming up with new ideas for being profitable are among the management challenges related to ______.

innovation

The process of an organization crossing national borders for the first time to do business is known as ______.

internationalization

The ______ approach centers on the idea that ethical decisions are those that follow standards of fairness in terms of both outcomes and procedures.

justice

The ______ approach suggests that moral decisions should be based on standards of equity and fairness.

justice

Assessing and systematizing knowledge resources to find new solutions to ongoing problems, so that companies can gain a competitive advantage, is known as ______.

knowledge management

The ______ approach to management focuses on managing the firm's various types of capital; while the ______ approach to management focuses on organizational adaptability.

knowledge management; systems

Employees who rely on their knowledge and who combine their knowledge with others to make job-related contributions are known as ______.

knowledge workers

The management role is important in the current business environment because effective management can lead to ______.

long-term social benefits for the firm long-term financial benefits for the firm positive exposure in the press

Individualism is defined as the tendency for people to ______.

look after themselves and their immediate family

Innovation is defined as ______.

looking at things differently and being creative in choosing solutions

Effective organizing allows companies to ______.

make the best possible use of their human resources

The role of management in today's business environment is important because ______. Multiple choice question.

managers' reactions to environmental challenges affect the entire firm

Social networks such as Facebook and Instagram have made it easier for companies to ______.

market their products and services across the globe

Contingency perspectives advocate for ______.

matching situations with appropriate management principles

With an ethnocentric approach to global human resource management, an organization selects managers in such a way that ______ will be minimized.

miscommunications

Moving on to work for another organization is known as ______.

mobility

Cultures in which people complete a whole task before moving on to another are known as ______ cultures.

monochronic

The justice approach suggests that ______.

moral decisions should be based on standards of equity and fairness

The ______ approach suggests that equal respect must be given to all people regardless of whether this results in greater utility.

moral-rights

The ______ approach, divided into two types, views ethical behavior as that which is in compliance with universal principles, regardless of consequences.

moral-rights

The utilitarian approach says the right action is the one that creates the best benefit for the ______.

most people

Mobility is defined as ______.

moving to work for another organization

A specific form of outsourcing that sends work to other countries is known as ______.

offshoring

The four managerial factors are ______.

organizational performance, resources, effectiveness, and efficiency

Which of the following are the four managerial factors? (Select all that apply.) -Efficiency -Effectiveness -Controlling -Organizational -Performance -Resources -Technical Skills

organizational performance, resources, effectiveness, and efficiency

A firm's processes and routines represent ______ capital, while knowledge shared by team members in the firm represents ______ capital.

organizational; social

The principle of distributive justice refers to individuals' perceptions of fairness regarding ______.

outcomes they receive for what they do

Subcontracting with outside vendors to provide specific services, thereby freeing up the organization to focus on other activities in-house is known as ______.

outsourcing

Loss of American jobs and loss of knowledge are among the managerial challenges related to ______.

outsourcing and offshoring

Polychronic cultures are characterized by people ______.

participating in multiple activities at the same time

Indefinite employment is defined as a situation that occurs when ______.

people are hired with an unknown end point to their employment with a specific organization

The utilitarian approach suggests that _____

people should do what creates the best benefit for the greatest number of people

Polychronic cultures place a high value on ______, while monochronic cultures place a high value on ______.

people;punctuality

Telecommuting occurs when employees ______.

perform all or part of their work tasks at home or off-site at a location different than the office

The most successful managers are those who ______.

plan, organize, lead, and control company resources in an effective and efficient manner

Cultures in which people are primarily concerned with building relationships as opposed to completing tasks are known as ______ cultures.

polychronic

Ethics is defined as

principles that dictate right versus wrong while espousing a code of conduct based on these values

The principle of ______ justice refers to individuals' perceptions of fairness regarding procedures used to make organizational decisions.

procedural

The principle of procedural justice refers to individuals' perceptions of fairness regarding ______.

procedures used to make organizational decisions

Internationalization is defined as the ______.

process of an organization crossing national borders for the first time to do business

The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, Six Sigma, and ISO 9000 are all ______.

quality achievement certifications

The ______ perspective acknowledges that there are multiple approaches to ethical behavior, based on different cultural norms.

relativist

The ______ perspective considers how ethical norms vary across cultures and considers ethical behavior to be that which falls in line with these culture-specific norms.

relativist

Key management roles according to the systems perspective include ______. (Select all that apply.)

scanning for possible threats and opportunities being attuned to the organization's external environment

The primary focus in monochronic cultures is ______, while the primary focus in polychronic cultures is ______.

schedule; relationships

Seeking jobs that allow for an off-shift arrangement is one strategy employees use to ______.

self-manage work-life balance

Using your own culture as a frame for how things are different in a new culture is known as ______.

self-reference criterion

When your own culture creates blinders that make it impossible to understand why people from other cultures do what they do, you are using ______.

self-reference criterion

Any individual or group who is affected by the organization is known as a ______.

stakeholder

The ______ theory suggests that shareholders' needs are not an organization's only important concerns and that people interested in the organization for reasons beyond profit are also important.

stakeholder

The principle that suggests all those affected by organizations have a right to participate in directing their actions is known as ______ theory.

stakeholder

Outsourcing is defined as ______.

subcontracting with outside vendors to provide specific services, thereby freeing up the organization to focus on other activities in-house

Building social responsibility into strategy and operating in a way that does not hurt future generations are among the managerial challenges related to ______.

sustainability

Integrating environmentalism and social responsibility into an organization's business strategies is known as ______.

sustainability

Integrating environmentalism and social responsibility into an organization's business strategies is known as ______. outsourcing buffering sustainability

sustainability

Increasing reliance on artificial intelligence and pressure to move commerce online are among the managerial challenges related to ______.

technology

People taking notice of previously ignored phenomena, worldwide networks of buyers and sellers, and opportunities for global marketing are all ways that ______ has affected international business.

technology

When employees perform all or part of their work tasks at home or off-site at a location different than the office, they are ______.

telecommuting

Ethnocentrism is defined as the ______.

tendency to judge another culture based on preconceptions found in one's own culture

Diversity management is defined as ______.

the degree to which members of a group differ from one another in terms of any attribute that may be used as a basis for categorizing people

Contingency theories can be defined as management theories which suggest that ______.

the effectiveness of a managerial policy, practice, or behavior depends on factors such as the work being done

A compressed workweek is defined as ______.

the opportunity for employees to work the same number of hours over fewer days

Globalization is defined as ______.

the relative standardization that exists around the world; and when an organization views the entire world as its theater of operations

Ethical Egoism

the right behavior is one that creates the greatest good for the individual

Which of the following represent contemporary approaches to management? (Select all that apply.) -The systems perspective -Lean manufacturing -Knowledge management

the system perspective knowledge management

Project management is defined as ______.

the systematic process of managing a work-related project from its inception to conclusion

The extent to which people identify with their chosen profession is an example of how culture affects ______.

the way individuals view work

By asking people, "Who are you?" and waiting to hear whether they respond with the name of their profession, you can assess the effect of their culture on ______.

the way they view work

Environmental analysis is defined as ______.

the ways in which organizations monitor what is happening in the environment

The relativist perspective suggests that ______.

there are multiple approaches to ethical behavior, based on different cultural norms

The rational decision making approach involves ______.

thoughtful analysis using a series of steps triggered when a discrepancy exists between some desired state and a current state as it is understood

Which of these are characteristics of culture? (Select all that apply.)

transgenereational adaptive patterned

Effective leading allows organizations to ______.

trust that workers will be motivated to work efficiently and effectively toward certain objectives

The influence of culture on greetings can be seen in the extent to which ______.

two people make physical contact at the beginning of a business transaction

The ______ approach suggests that people should do what creates the best benefit for the greatest number of people.

utilitarian

The idea of resources as a managerial factor relates to ______.

utilizing and combining key possessions to develop pockets of strength

Culture is defined as the ______.

values, orientations, and beliefs that affect individuals in a society and influence their worldview

The ______ approach suggests that ethical rules are those that a virtuous person would follow.

virtue ethics

The ______ perspective views certain traits, such as courage and generosity, as praiseworthy; ethical behavior is that which would be enacted by someone possessing these characteristics.

virtue ethics

A ______ is a person who reports misconduct by an organization or other employees to the public or a higher authority.

whistle-blower

Act utilitarianism can be compared to a(n) ______ sign, while rule utilitarianism can be compared to a ______ sign.

yield; stop