Ch 1-3 Quiz Questions

The database that contains brief summaries of psychology articles and information on where to find the original publication is ____. a. PsycINFO b. ERIC c. MedLine d. Social Citation Index

a. PsycINFO

Research studies that are intended to answer practical problems would be classified as ____. a. applied b. statistically significant c. basic d. systematic

a. applied

A researcher is intrigued by an explanation of children's problem-solving strategies found in a journal article and develops a research study to determine whether the article's ideas are correct. This study can be classified as ____ research. a. basic b. systematic c. applied d. necessary

a. basic

Which method of acquiring knowledge is being used when people make decisions based on instinct or hunches? a. intuition b. rationalism c. tenacity d. authority

a. intuition

Which method of acquiring knowledge is being used by students who are learning from teachers and textbooks? a. method of authority b. rationalism c. scientific method d. empiricism

a. method of authority

A researcher conducts a study in which 50 college students are assigned to different treatments and tested. In the study, the students are called ____. a. participants b. cohorts c. associates d. subjects

a. participants

What is demonstrated by showing that the test scores measured today for a group of individuals are nearly identical to the scores obtained with the same measurement procedure last week? a. test-retest reliability b. construct validity c. inter-rater reliability d. predictive validity

a. test-retest reliability

Using a sports star to sell clothing in a television commercial relies upon which nonscientific method of acquiring knowledge? a. the method of authority b. the rational method c. the empirical method d. the method of tenacity

a. the method of authority

What kind of reasoning uses a general statement to make conclusions about specific examples? a. predictive b. deductive c. scientific d. inductive

b. deductive

Which type of subject role is most desirable for a research study? a. apprehensive subject role b. faithful subject role c. good subject role d. negativistic subject role

b. faithful subject role

The purpose of an operational definition is to ____. a. provide a method for analyzing data related to a hypothetical construct b. provide a definition and a method for measuring a hypothetical construct c. provide a method for integrating a construct into a theory d. describe the relationship between a construct and theory

b. provide a definition and a method for measuring a hypothetical construct

Your PsycINFO search has yielded several hundred articles. The most efficient next step is to ____. a. read the abstracts to determine if you want to read the articles b. scan through the titles to see which ones seem most suited to your interests c. cross-check the references with the lists obtained with other, related subject words d. print off the articles so that you can read them at your convenient

b. scan through the titles to see which ones seem most suited to your interests

A distinction between science and pseudoscience is that ____. a. science examines a topic that has never been investigated b. science is based on hypotheses that are testable and refutable c. science aims to make definite conclusions about a topic d. science focuses on the theoretical, not the practical

b. science is based on hypotheses that are testable and refutable

When using PsycINFO for a literature search, it is most common to enter a(n) ____ into the database. a. journal name b. subject word c. article title d. description of the article

b. subject word

How do quantitative research and qualitative research differ? a. one type involves data collection while the other does not b. they generate different types of data c. one type relies on hypotheses while the other relies on predictions d. they rely on different nonscientific ways of knowing

b. they generate different types of data

The advantage of full-text databases is that they contain ____. a. only a fraction of the publications in an area b. word-for-word copies of each publication c. too many publications to be useful d. secondary sources only

b. word-for-word copies of each publication

What is the most relevant question you should ask when reading a results section? a. Do the results have real-world applications? b. Do the predicted outcomes follow from the hypothesis? c. Are appropriate statistics used? d. Do the conclusions follow logically from the results?

c. Are appropriate statistics used?

Which relationship described below illustrates a negative relationship? a. The higher a married person's reported happiness level, the more likely that person is to stay married for life. b. The less time a person spends watching TV, the less likely they are to score high on measures of materialism. c. The more exercise children get from age 2 to 7, the lower their chance of having cancer by age 65. d. The fewer electronic devices a person has, the less likely they are to be addicted to the internet.

c. The more exercise children get from age 2 to 7, the lower their chance of having cancer by age 65.

If people score low on one measure and score low on another measure, there is ____ a. no relationship between the two measures b. a cause-and-effect relationship between the two measures c. a positive relationship between the two measures d. a negative relationship between the two measures

c. a positive relationship between the two measures

Counting the number of times a third-grade student leaves his seat without permission during a 30-minute observation period is an example of using what modality of measurement? a. physiological b. self-report c. behavioral d. survey

c. behavioral

Which section of a research article is most likely to provide suggestions for additional research? a. method b. results c. discussion d. introduction

c. discussion

The phrase "science is objective" means that scientific answers are ____. a. based on direct observation b. based on logical reasoning c. not influenced by researcher bias d. made available for evaluation by others

c. not influenced by researcher bias

Pseudoscience is based on ____. a. testable hypotheses b. objective evidence c. subjective evidence d. refutable hypotheses

c. subjective evidence

While watching your kids play in the backyard, you get some ideas about what factors may be causing them to compete or collaborate. This is an example of getting research ideas from ____. a. theory b. second-hand information c. systematic observation d. casual observation

d. casual observation

Research results indicate that the more servings of red meat eat from age 15 to 25, the higher their cholesterol scores will be at age 60. This is an example of a ____ relationship between variables. a. negative b. coincidental c. cause-and-effect d. positive

d. positive

You develop a new measure of anxiety and you find that people who score high on your measure show more anxious behavior than people who score low on your measure. You have demonstrated ____. a. divergent validity b. concurrent validity c. reliability d. predictive validity

d. predictive validity

Measurement that includes a large error component will have very low ____. a. construct validity b. concurrent validity c. face validity d. reliability

d. reliability

A young child believing everything that her kindergarten teacher says to be true is an example of ____. a. the method of intuition b. the empirical method c. the rational method d. the method of faith

d. the method of faith

Participants taking on the negativistic subject role ____. a. are concerned that their performance in the study will be used to evaluate them b. try to avoid acting on the basis of their suspicions c. try to act in a manner such that their data are consistent with the hypothesis d. try to act in a manner such that their data are in contrast to the hypothesis

d. try to act in a manner such that their data are in contrast to the hypothesis

A potential drawback of secondary sources is that they ____. a. often cover a decade or more of research in a given area b. provide detailed information about research methods but little about results c. offer no statistical analysis in support of their conclusions d. typically do not contain detailed information about any specific study

d. typically do not contain detailed information about any specific study