Ch 1-6 Physical Geography

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The Sun's rays are directly overhead at the ______ on or about December 21.

Tropic of Capricorn

"Greenwich Mean Time" is also known as _____.

Universal Time Coordinated

A nebula is

a cloud of gas and dust

Geography is

a combination of physical and social sciences

The acceptance of a theory or hypothesis is based on ________

a preponderance of evidence

Which of the below takes the LONGEST time?

a revolution of the Earth

The maximum distance between Earth and Sun occurs in July and is called the ________.

aphelion

Numbered meridians

are semicircles

The Plane of the Ecliptic is

at an angle from the plane of the Equator

The Earth rotates about its

axis

The line connecting the points of maximum flattening on Earth's surface is called the

axis

Which of the following subsystems includes all living things on Earth?

biosphere

Eratostenes was the first to accurately measure the Earth's _______

circumfrence

At the International Date Line, there is a change of ______

day

The "natural" baseline which serves as a baseline to measure longitude (such as the Equator, which is used as a baseline for latitude) _______.

does not exist

Pluto is now classified as a

dwarf planet

A cross section of Earth cut from pole to pole would reveal which shape?

ellipse

The solar system's Jovian planets are most likely composed of ___________

gas

A(n) _________ is a vertical piece of metal on a sundial.

gnomon

Our earthly grid system is also referred to as a ________ and consists of lines of latitude and longitude.

graticule

A ________ separates Earth into two hemisphers

great circle

The angular inclination of the Earth's axis with respect to a line perpendicular to the Plane of the Ecliptic

is 23.5 degrees

The solid, inorganic portion of the Earth's system is known as the ________

lithosphere

The Milky Way is one of over _________ galaxies in the Universe

many billions

The term "a.m."

means "before solar noon"

The surfaces of the inner planets of our solar system seem to be composed of

mineral matter

Before time zones were created in the 1880s, one could encounter ____________ time standards on a rail trip across the United States.

more than 20

Our solar system contains________moons revolving around the planets

more than one hundred (100+)

The best description of the actual shape of the Earth is as a(n)

oblate spheroid

At the equator, one degree of latitude is approximately equal to

one degree of longitude

Earth is

one of the inner planets

The response to Earth's rotation is

polar flattening

The constant angle between Earth's axis and the Plane of the Ecliptic is called Earth's ______

polarity

The fact that at any time during the year, the Earth's axis is parallel to its orientation at all other times is called parallelism, or ______

polarity

The cause of Earth's seasons is the

polarity of the axis

After it was part of a nebula and before it was the Sun, our Sun was a

protostar

Using gnomon, one can

tell local time

Which of the following is also an entire great circle?

the Equator

The most important physical effect of the Earth's rotation is ________

the alternation of sunlight and darkness

The distance of 150,000,000 kilometers is CLOSEST to being ___________

the average Earth/Sun distance

In science, the term "theory" is

the highest order of understanding

When the vertical rays of the Sun cross the Equator on their way northward, the date is known as _______ in the northern Hemisphere.

the vernal equinox

The Milky Way is one of, at least, _______ galaxies in the Universe

two hundred billion

The size of the Universe is best described as

vast beyond comprehension

Of the following, which is the first day of spring?

vernal equinox

the Earth is 3.3 percent closer to the Sun during the Northern Hemisphere ________ than when it is the farthest away.

winter

On June 21, the Sun's rays are directly over the

Tropic of Cancer

The Earth's polar and equatorial diameters vary by _____ percent.

.3

At the North Pole, one degree of longitude extends_____ kilometers on the ground.

0

How many time zones are contained within Alaska?

1

At the Equator (0 degrees), a given point on Earth's surface travels about _______ kilometers per hour.

1,600

Which of the following distances is CLOSEST to the actual distance associated with one degree of latitude?

100 km

The Milky Way is a galaxy some _______light years in diameter

100,000

Near the North Pole, one degree of latitude extends _____ kilometer(s) on the ground.

111

An equinox has the property of

12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night at all latitudes.

At the June solstice, day length varies from _____ hours at the Equator to _____ hours at the North Pole.

12, 24

Earth's Diameter is CLOSEST to _____ kilometers

12,000

The Universe is thought to be on the order of _______ billion years old.

13.7

The closest position taken by the Earth relative to the Sun is _____ million kilometers

147

Longitude is divided into multiples of ______ degrees for the purpose of delimiting standard time zones.

15

Which of the following is a central meridian in the standardized time system? 5 d W, 10 d W, 15 d W, 20 d W, 25 d W

15 degrees West

At the time of the aphelion, Earth is _________ million kilometers from the Sun.

152

The geographic grid line 180 degrees of longitude from the Prime Meridian is the ______

180th Meridian

Standardization in world time zones dates from ________

1884

The altitudinal difference (relief) between the top of the tallest mountain and the bottom of the deepest ocean trench is CLOSEST to ______ kilometers

20

The world is divided into _________ standard zones.

24

The moon is some _______ kilometers distant from Earth

385,000

How many degrees of latitude are there between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn?

47

The U.S. spans _____ time zones

6

In angular measurement, a minute contains _______ seconds.

60

At times, latitude higher than _____ degrees can have 24 hours or more of continuous darkness.

66.5

Any standard time zone extends ______ degrees of latitude to the east and west of the central meridian.

7.5

The Earth is one of ______ planets in our solar system

8

Russia is the country containing the most time zones. It contains ______ zones

9

Mt. Everest is the tallest mountain on Earth and its altitude is closest to ______ meters

9,000

The highest numbered latitude used in the geographic grid is ______ degrees.

90

Suppose you are standing on the standard time meridian of 75 degrees West. Which would be the next standard time meridian west?

90 degrees west

Which of the following is not contained within Earth's system of latitude and longitude? A) longitude of 5 W B) longitude of 185 E C) latitude of 0 D) longitude of 165 W E) latitude of 36 N

B) longitude of 185 E

When the Sun's rays are directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn, it is _____________-

December 21

When the circle of illumination just touches the Arctic Circle and the North Pole is dark, the date is closest to

December 21

In New York City, this is the shortest day of the year and the Sun is also lowest in the sky.

December solstice

Which of the following is NOT defined by latitude? A) parallel B) Arctic Circle C) Antarctic Circle D) North Pole E) meridian

E) Meridian

Rotation of the Earth causes _________. A) tides B) Coriolis effect C) local variations in temperature D) day and night E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is a topic of study in a physical geography course? A) land forms B) soil C) climate D) flora E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is out of order in the ideal application of the scientific method? A) observe a phenomenon that stimulates a question B) design an experiment C) observe the outcome of an experiment D) formulate a rule E) make a hypothesis

E) make a hypothesis

A spot on Earth's surface rotates fastest at the __________

Equator

Of the following, which is a great circle?

Equator

On both the Spring and Fall equinoxes, the Sun's rays are vertically overhead at the ____________

Equator

The first nearly correct measurement of the Earth's circumference was made by ______.

Eratostenes

Universal Time Coordinated is also known as ______________

Greenwich Mean Time

The perihelion is during the month of

January

The Earth/Sun aphelion occurs once per year during the month of _______

July

The circle of illumination just touches the Antarctic Circle on or about _______

June 21

The farthest north the vertical rays of the Sun ever reach north of the Equator occurs on or about _______

June 21

The Sun is a star in the ____ galaxy

Milky Way

One degree of longitude equals 0 miles on the ground at the ______________

North Pole

Which of the following best describes the latitude and longitude of North America?

Northern and Western Hemispheres

The north end of Earth's axis points towards

Polaris

The 0 degree Meridian is the same line as the ______

Prime Meridian

The Greenwich Meridian is also known as the _____________.

Prime Meridian


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