Ch 1 SmartBook

In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?

shapes and sizes prokaryotic cell structure energy sources used method of multiplication

What is the only shared feature of all microbes?

small size

Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases?

smallpox

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents? Multiple select question.

viruses prions viroids

Emerging infectious diseases are those ______.

whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades

In addition to chlorophyll, some algae have other ___, which give them their characteristic colors.

Blank 1: pigments or compounds

This figure shows the two main forms of microscopic fungi. Panel A depicts a ____ , and panel B highlights a ___

Blank 1: yeast Blank 2: mold

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes. Those that are studied by microbiologists include the unicellular ___ and the multicellular filamentous ___.

Blank 1: yeasts Blank 2: molds

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the ___ Theory of Disease.

Germ

_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.

John Needham

Which of the following is true regarding all prokaryotes?

Lack a nucleus

_______ is credited with disproving spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flasks.

Louis Pasteur

Which of the following about microorganisms is true?

We could not survive without them.

Select all that apply Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?

Yogurt Beer Cheese

Which of the following are eukaryotes?

algae, protozoa, fungi, helminths

An infectious disease that has become more common in the last several decades is referred to as a(n) ___ infectious disease.

emerging

Membrane-bound organelles are only found in the cell type called a(n) ___ cell.

eukaryotic

The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn ______.

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

What does the scientific name of an organism include?

genus and species

A(n) ____ is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

pathogen

Which of the following can cause an infectious disease to reemerge?

pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications parents refusing to vaccinate their children

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following?

Spontaneous generation

Plague is a _______.

bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas

True or False. Without microorganisms, we would run out of certain nutrients.

True

Rank the steps in the scientific process in order. Start with the earliest at the top.

1. Make an observation 2. Develop an explanation 3. Collet data 4. Communicate

For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicates theb___ and gives information about the shape of the organism.

genus

_______ killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World Wars I and II and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.

Influenza

All of the following statements about smallpox are true except one. Which?

Smallpox is caused by bacteria

Which of the following describes how fungi gain energy?

They degrade organic materials.

Peptidoglycan is found in the ______.

cell walls of bacteria

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n) ____

endospores

A testable explanation for an observation is called a(n) ____

hypothesis

Organisms living today ______.

may be classified in three domains.

In eukaryotes, the genetic material is contained within a membrane-bound structure called the ___

nucleus

Cells that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus are called ___ cells.

prokaryotic

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as ___ , a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.

protists

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______.

run out

Which of the following are microscopic fungi?

yeasts molds

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes ______.

viruses

Microscopic fungi that are single-celled are called ______, and that that are multicellular and filamentous are termed _______.

yeasts; molds

Which of the following statements about the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 is true?

More Americans died of influenza in 1918-1919 than were killed in World Wars I and II, and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal ___

microbiota

Compared to the range of types of plants and animals, microbes as a group are ______.

more diverse

Which of the following can be characteristics of algae?

multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotic unicellular

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?

pathogens

Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called ___.

peptidoglycan

Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n) ______.

vaccine

Because they are often caused by a Helicobacter pylori infection, most stomach ulcers are treatable with ______.

antibiotics

As important decomposers, fungi obtain nutrients by ______.

secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______.

support; could still give rise to microorganisms

Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as _______.

probiotics

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties. Microorganisms are cheaper to study. Microorganisms multiply quickly. Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms.

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

Which of the following diseases killed one-third of the population of Europe in a four-year span (1347-1351)?

plague

Which defines spontaneous generation?

Life arose from non-living matter

Benefits of normal microbiota include all EXCEPT which of the following?

They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of microbes

In algae, photosynthesis takes place in ______, which have chlorophyll, a green pigment.

chloroplasts

True or False. We could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.

True

Archaea, like bacteria, are single-celled ___ that divide via the process of ___ ___.

Blank 1: prokaryotes or organisms Blank 2: binary Blank 3: fission

The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the ___, ____, and ___.

Viruses Viroids Prions

Vaccinations have helped reduce the spread of mumps, measles and whooping cough in developed countries.

True

___ are a large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms

Algae

___ are a large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms.

Algae

All living organisms are now classified into three different taxonomic units called ___

domains

Technically speaking, viruses are not microorganisms because they are not ______.

composed of cells

The Germ Theory of Disease states that ______.

microorganisms cause certain diseases