Ch 1 Sociology of Families

Today's cities are changing to meet increases in the number of ________ and ________ living in urban environments. a. young married couples; older adults b. married parents; older adults c. young single women; nuclear families d. young single women; older adults

young single women; older adults

Why does the textbook author attribute the rise in women's autonomy to the American Revolution? a. The leaders of the American Revolution espoused the virtue of autonomy, which women began to embrace for themselves. b. Women had to independently raise families during the American Revolution, and they felt a renewed sense of autonomy in response. c. The industrial revolution, which coincided with the end of the American Revolution, prompted greater autonomy among women. d. Women took part in the American Revolution and felt this loyalty and service deserved greater autonomy.

The leaders of the American Revolution espoused the virtue of autonomy, which women began to embrace for themselves

According to recent feminist family theorists, which statement is true? a. Family types are biologically determined and rarely change. b. What's good for some women is good for all women. c. Men and women have very similar experiences of family life. d. Family types are socially constructed.

Family types are socially constructed. Feminist theories acknowledge the diversity of family forms and the roles and relationships of individuals within families. Historical and comparative research shows the changes in families over time and the differences that exist from culture to culture and within a single society at a given time

Ibrahim believes that inequality and the struggles it causes are a main factor in driving history forward. What perspective would Ibrahim most likely identify with? a. consensus b. conflict c. structural functionalism d. symbolic interaction

conflict

A researcher is studying family interactions. She notices a common practice and asks, "What is the function of this practice? What good is it doing that permits it to survive?" The researcher is engaging with what perspective? a. consensus b. conflict c. exchange d. symbolic interaction

consensus

In colonial America, Christian doctrine supported the legal concept of coverture, and wives a. had to cover their heads in public. b. had full rights to citizenship. c. had the right to their husbands' property. d. did not have a legal existence but rather were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship.

did not have a legal existence but rather were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship. All property that wives brought to the marriage and anything they produced while married became the property of their husbands. Women had essentially no rights as individuals, and officials were more often concerned about husbands controlling their wives than whether they abused them or treated them well.

In colonial America, Christian doctrine supported the legal concept of coverture, and wives ________. a. had to cover their heads in public b. had full rights to citizenship c. had the right to their husbands' property d. did not have a legal existence, but were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship

did not have a legal existence, but were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship

Lin marries someone from his cultural group. Which term best applies to this situation? a. exogamy b. endogamy c. acculturation d. miscegenation

endogamy - Even though laws (formal boundaries) against interracial marriage (miscegenation) have been ruled unconstitutional, and many of the informal boundaries between racial-ethnic groups have faded, individuals still tend to marry and reproduce within their own racial-ethnic group.

Which theory sees people as individuals entering into mutual relationships to maximize their own gains? a. exchange theory b. feminist theory c. conflict theory d. symbolic interaction theory

exchange theory Exchange theory sees individuals and groups as having different strengths and weaknesses. People are viewed as rational, and they form relationships to get what they need or to maximize their own gains. As long as both people get what they want or need, they remain in the relationship

The demographic perspective in family studies focuses most on a. economics in family life. b. family and household structures. c. politics in family life. d. psychological stressors among family members

family and household structures. Demographers conduct research to understand how family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes like birth, death, and migration.

What demonstrates the increased likelihood that adults will spend more of their lives outside of marriage than in the past? a. higher percentages of adults living with no relatives b. decline in the divorce rate c. younger average age of marriage d. decline in single parenthood

higher percentages of adults living with no relatives - People tend to be older when they first marry. Divorce is more acceptable and more common, as is single parenthood. Women are more economically independent, and people are more likely than ever before to live on their own, with intimate partners, or with non-family members

What contributed to the decline of courtship in the process of mate selection? a. decreasing exposure to urban life for young adults b. increasing freedom for young adults c. growing importance of family ties d. decreasing disposable income for young adults

increasing freedom for young adults - As the ideal for marriage shifted to one based on companionship, friendship, and romance, and young adults became more independent from their parents and gained access to money and cars, dating became the way young adults found a spouse.

According to the textbook, the decline of the name Mary in the United States represents the rising trend of what attitude? a. conformity b. atheism c. Islam d. individualism

individualism - The twentieth century brought a focus on individuality and opportunities for parents to choose more unique names for their children. In the past, children often were named after their parents. People now choose unique names for their offspring rather than simply follow tradition. Today, the most common names make up a much smaller percentage of the names given to babies.

When they were instituted in the early twentieth century, programs like Social Security and Aid to Dependent Children promoted marriage by a. giving support to never-married women. b. providing benefits only to veterans. c. reducing economic incentives. d. making women who had never been married or divorced ineligible.

making women who had never been married or divorced ineligible. Because these programs did not provide support to women who were never married or who had gotten divorced, they provided incentive for women to marry.

During the 1960s and after, ________ increased the independence of middle-class and more educated women, while ________ increased the independence of poor women. a. state forces; market forces b. market forces; state forces c. family stability; family change d. family change; family stability

market forces; state forces

According to conflict theories, who benefits from family structures where women stay home and men work for pay? a. women and children b. children and old people c. men and employers d. women and employers

men and employers - Conflict theorists contend that when women stay home and take care of the home and children (e.g., clean, prepare meals, shop, do care work), men are able to focus on work. Men can then earn more money, and employers benefit because their employees are able to focus on work.

Under the ideology of "separate spheres," what were separated? a. work and play b. adults at work and children at school c. men at work and women at home d. marriage and childbearing

men at work and women at home - The industrial revolution led to (mostly) men working for wages in factories and other industrial jobs, and the ideal that women would stay home to care for the house and children, and create a haven for their husbands where they could escape from the harsh realities of the economy.

For the purposes of the contemporary U.S. Census, a family a. must occupy the same household. b. may occupy several households. c. includes a man and his family. d. includes unmarried partners

must occupy the same household. For the sake of practicality, the government limits each family to one household. It is easy to imagine how difficult it would be to collect data if the guidelines included extended families who live in different households

Rosa thinks of her mother's best friend, Maria, as her aunt, and Maria treats Rosa as her niece. Rosa and Maria could be labeled a(n) a. legal family. b. personal family. c. nuclear family. d. extended family

personal family - The broad definition of family allows individuals to determine who they include in their definition of family. This may be a broader definition than the government uses (i.e., "two or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption").

Parents praise their daughter when she does something kind and they complement her when she plays dress up. As she grows older, the girl continues to emulate these qualities, trying to be nice in all circumstances and wanting look like a princess. A feminist theorist might say this is an example of what? a. exchange theory b. socialization c. life course perspective d. genealogy

socialization

The granting of marriage licenses is an example of which institutional arenas interacting? a. state and family b. state and market c. family and market d. religion and family

state and family - Legal marriage as a family form is regulated by the state. The government determines who is able to marry