Ch. 1 The Science of Psychology |Quiz

Which of the following is the strongest correlation? a.) +.66 b.) -.02 c.) -.93 d.) +.11

c.) -.93

Animals are used in about ________ percent of all psychological studies. a.) 15 b.) 56 c.) 7 d.) 32

c.) 7

Which of the following is true about Gestalt psychology? a.) It was influenced by Darwin's ideas about natural selection b.) It applied the introspection method to thoughts as well as physical sensations c.) It focused on perception of patterns and whole figures and events d.) It stressed the importance of early life experiences

c.) It focused on perception of patterns and whole figures and events

Which of the following is a reason researchers prefer to use animals in experiments instead of humans? a.) Animals handle pain and suffering much easier than humans b.) There are no limits to what researchers can do with animals c.) Studying long-term effects is much easier d.) Researchers need not use anesthesia for surgery

c.) Studying long-term effects is much easier

The idea that sexual orientation may be related to the birth order of male children was posited by researchers in the field of ________. a.) cognitive psychology b.) evolutionary psychology c.) biopsychology d.) behaviorism

c.) biopsychology

Today, Gestalt ideas are part of which branch of psychology? a.) evolutionary psychology b.) psychoanalysis c.) cognitive psychology d.) behaviorism

c.) cognitive psychology

Psychologists in the counseling specialization ________. a.) need no special training b.) make up the vast majority of psychological professionals c.) must be licensed to practice in their states d.) are considered medical doctors

c.) must be licensed to practice in their states

When Mary took the survey in the mall, she noticed that the interviewer was wearing a campaign button for they mayor. She answered the questions about the mayor more favorable than she might otherwise have, probably because: a.) the survey questions were biased b.) of observer bias c.) of courtesy bias d.) she misunderstood the purpose of the survey

c.) of courtesy bias

By making a loud noise when "Little Albert" was presented with a rat, John Watson taught the baby to fear rats. this proved that ________. a.) loud noises always elicits a fear response in humans b.) rats can easily frighten young children c.) phobias could be learned through conditioning d.) children are inherently afraid of rats

c.) phobias could be learned through conditioning

An institutional review board reviews a study's ________. a.) hypothesis for feasibility b.) proper use of the scientific method c.) safety and consideration for research participants d.) overall cost to the sponsoring university or institution

c.) safety and consideration for research participants

The belief that every experience can be broken down into its individual emotions and sensations is know as ________. a.) objectivity b.) functionalism c.) structuralism d.) sensationalism

c.) structuralism

Researchers use ________ for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data. a.) The descriptive method b.) naturalistic observation c.) The scientific method d.) case studies

c.) the scientific method

The four goals of psychology are accomplished through: a.) surveys b.) double blind studies c.) the scientific method d.) laboratory observation

c.) the scientific method

In an experiment, it is best to divide participants into the control or experimental group by ________. a.) studying each participant's personality b.) determining the participant's familiarity with the study c.) using random assignment d.) surveying the participants first

c.) using random assignment

The theory of operant conditioning was developed by ________. a.) B.F. Skinner b.) John B. Watson c.) Carl Rogers d.) Abraham Maslow

a.) B.F. Skinner

________ refers to the tendency of observers to see what they expect to see. a.) Observer bias b.) Observer effect c.) Blind observation d.) Expectation observation

a.) Observer bias

Which of the following is true of doing research with people? a.) Participants sometimes react in unexpected ways to the manipulations in an experiment b.) Researchers may share the names and information of participants with researchers conducting other studies c.) Child participants must provide their informed consent before joining a study d.) Researchers may conceal the true nature of the study at its conclusion

a.) Participants sometimes react in unexpected ways to the manipulations in an experiment

________ is the rule of thumb stating that if there are two explanations for a phenomenon, the simplest explanation is more often the best one. a.) the law of parsimony b.) counter conditioning c.) cognitive perspective-taking d.) positive correlation

a.) The law of parsimony

Consider the following statement: "Women avoid computer science because it feels stereotypically dominated by males. This, in turn, leads many women to feel that the field is not accessible to them." This is an example of a(n) ________. a.) explanation b.) observation c.) prediction d.) control

a.) explanation

The psychological perspective that is associated with William James is ________. a.) functionalism b.) structuralism c.) objective introspection d.) psychoanalysis

a.) functionalism

The bystander effect says that people in a crowd are ________ help someone in trouble as compared to a person witnessing someone in need of help in the absence of others. a.) less likely to b.) always going to c.) never going to d.) more likely to

a.) less likely to

What do we call two variables that increase in the same direction? a.) positive correlation b.) no correlation c.) negative correlation d.) inverse correlation

a.) positive correlation

A ________ has a medical degree and is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. a.) psychiatrist b.) psychologist c.) psychoanalyst d.) psychiatric social worker

a.) psychiatrist

A professional who holds a doctoral degree (but has not attended medical school) and may work in a wide number of vocational settings would be a ________. a.) psychologist b.) psychiatrist c.) nurse practitioner d.) psychiatric social worker

a.) psychologist

In the Wesleyan University study of male college athletes, the control group consisted of ________. a.) students who answered the high threat question after taking the test b.) students who self-identified on the test as "jocks" c.) students who did not receive a high threat question d.) students who responded to the high threat question before taking the test

a.) students who answered the high threat question after taking the test

Dr. Saltman presents the question, "At what age does the average American college student experience his/her first sexual encounter?" Dr. Saltman's question might be best addressed through the use of which of the following research methods? a.) survey b.) laboratory experiment c.) case study d.) naturalistic observation

a.) survey

Because psychologists want to be precise and measure as carefully as they can, they use ________ to study psychology. a.) the scientific method b.) functionalism and structuralism c.) introspection d.) mental processes

a.) the scientific method

Within the field of psychology, mental processes refer to ________. a.) outward actions b.) all internal, covert activity of our minds c.) overt reactions d.) human behavior

b.) all internal, covert activity of our minds

In a double-blind experiment, ________ are kept unaware of which participants are in the control group(s) and which participants are in the experimental group(s). a.) only the researcher(s) b.) both the researcher(s) and the participants c.) only the participants d.) neither the researcher(s) nor the participants

b.) both the researcher(s) and the participants

The largest subfield of psychology is ________. a.) counseling b.) clinical c.) experimental d.) developmental

b.) clinical

Studying children's interactions by watching them play on the school playground is an example of a ________. a.) case study b.) naturalistic observation c.) single-blind study d.) survey

b.) naturalistic obversation

Mrs. O'Connor participated in a study in which she was told she would try out a new allergy medicine. She was in the group that received a sugar pill, but she believed that the pill did indeed help control her allergy symptoms. This phenomenon is known as the ________. a.) experimenter effect b.) placebo effect c.) single-blind effect d.) mind-over-matter effect

b.) placebo effect

Professor Robinson is interested in examining how study breaks influence memory. She allows one group of psychology students to take a single 15-minute break while another group of psychology students takes three 5-minute breaks. What is the dependent variable in this example? a.) the major of the students b.) the students' memory of the material c.) the topic introduced in the lecture d.) the number of study breaks allowed

b.) the students' memory of the material

In a negative correlation ________. a.) the variables increase in the same direction b.) the two variables have an inverse relationship c.) a strong correlation is close to +1.00 d.) there is no relationship between the variables

b.) the two variables have an inverse relationship

A drug company is determining the effects of a treatment for depression. Neither the researcher nor the participants know who is getting the treatment and who is given a sugar pill. This type of study is ________. a.) quasi-experimental b.) an institutional review c.) single-blind d.) double-blind

d.) double-blind

Wundt referred to the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities as ________. a.) evolutionary consciousness b.) dualism c.) focus of control d.) objective introspection

d.) objective introspection

A(n) ________ specifically names the steps that the experimenter must use to control or measure the variables in the experiment. a.) hypothesis b.) correlation c.) thesis d.) operational definition

d.) operational definition

The first step in the scientific method is ________. a.) naturalistic observation b.) forming a hypothesis c.) conducting a survey d.) perceiving the question

d.) perceiving the question

A doctor informs the parents of a 14-year-old that, without hospitalization, her anorexia nervosa will worsen and cause grave medical conditions. The doctor is making a(n):________. a.) educated guess b.) diagnosis c.) hypothesis d.) prediction

d.) prediction

Mary is a psychologist who focuses on the role of the conscious and unconscious minds. To which perspective does Mary ascribe? a.) behaviorism b.) humanistic c.) cognitive d.) psychodynamic

d.) psychodynamic

What is the main advantage of laboratory observation? a.) reactions of people and animals in the laboratory are the same as in the real world b.) the researcher gets to know the subject in great detail c.) it is most effective d.) the degree of control it gives the researcher

d.) the degree of control it gives the researcher

One drawback of the survey method is ________. a.) it is hard to find the right people to survey b.) it involves only a small sample size. c.) it is impossible to ask serious questions in a way in which people will answer them truthfully d.) the way in which a question is worded can affect the answer.

d.) the way in which a question is worded can effect the answer